DATA FOR 2017 (standard update, v.2)
SPU 9P78-1 with 9M723 ballistic missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the first production brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 107th RBR. Kapustin Yar, 06/28/2013 (http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
Composition and staffing structure of the Iskander-M complex:
The complex includes:
- SPU 9P78-1 for 2 missiles;
SPU 9P78-1 of the Iskander-M complex at a display of military equipment as part of the Ural Arms Exhibition, Nizhny Tagil, 2000 (http://militaryphotos.net).
SPU 9P78-1 with a mock-up of the 9M723 missile. 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 10/20/2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
TZM 9T250 / 9T250E for 2 missiles, equipped with a jib crane; According to some unconfirmed data, in an extreme situation the TZM of the complex can launch missiles - probably we are talking about launching from some kind of launch pad in the back of the TZM.
Chassis - MZKT-7930
Calculation - 2 people
Weight - 40000 kg
Crane lifting capacity - 5800 kg
Highway speed - 70 km/h
Fuel range - 1000 km
Overload time for one rocket - 16 minutes
TZM 9T250 (photo and drawing "KBM", drawing - photo from MVSV-2010 from Denis KA, http://forums.airbase.ru)
Loading the SPU of the Iskander-M 9P78-1 complex with the 9T250 TZM with a 9M723 training rocket. The first photo shows TZM 9T250. Demonstration exercises of the 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 10/20/2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
Rigging equipment TZM 9T250 of the Iskander-M complex. Kubinka, Army 2015 forum, 06/17/2015 (photo - Sergey Karpukhin, Reuters).
Command and staff vehicle 9S552 / 9S552E on a KamAZ chassis - provides control of fire weapons of a battery or division; provides communication between departments, receiving target designation from external and higher structures;
Calculation - 4 people
Automated workstations - 4
Radio communication range - 50 km (on the march), 350 km (while parked).
Number of communication channels - up to 16
Data transmission and reception speed - up to 16 kbit/s (radio modem, radio stations)
Time standard for calculating a combat mission - 10 s
Time standard for transmitting commands to the PPI - 15 s
Temporary standard for complete deployment and collapse of external antennas - 30 min
Information preparation point 9S920 / 9S920E on the KamAZ-43101 chassis - ensures the preparation of information for striking, prepares information for the correlation type seeker;
Calculation - 4 people
Automated workstations - 2
Number of communication channels - up to 16
Information transmission and reception speed - up to 16 kbit/s (radio modem, radio stations R-168-100KAE "Aqueduct" produced by the Yaroslavl Radio Plant )
Time standard for determining the coordinates of the target point - 30-120 s
The time standard for issuing target designation commands to the SPU is 60 s
Continuous operation time - 48 hours
Vehicle information preparation point 9С920 on the KamAZ-43101 chassis (photo by KBM)
The regulatory and maintenance vehicle on the KamAZ-43101 chassis is used to carry out routine and inspection work on missiles with and without removing them from the container. A study of the missile design shows that routine maintenance on 9M723 type missiles can be carried out in any position - on the launcher, in the TZM, on arsenal equipment carts. Plug connectors for missile testing are located on the front bonding ring.
Calculation - 2 people
Weight - 13500 kg
Deployment time on the move - 20 min
Rocket check time - 18 minutes
Regulatory and maintenance vehicle on KamAZ-43101 chassis (photo by KBM)
Life support vehicle 9T248 on KamAZ-5350 chassis
Life support machine 2T248 (photo by KBM)
Life support machine 2T248 (photo Melnikov A.E., 2015, )
A set of arsenal equipment - containers for transporting and storing warheads and missile units, traverses, carts and cradles.
Standard structure of units with Iskander-M complexes:
The Iskander complexes have been consolidated into missile brigades of 2-3 divisions. it is possible to form a separate missile division. The division includes 2-3 missile batteries, a KShM and a PPI. The missile battery includes 2-3 complexes (2-3 SPU + 1 TZM), KShM. As of 2009, it was announced that there would be 2 battalions in the Russian Armed Forces. According to our assessment, the most likely is a 2-divisional composition of the RBR - in this case, one RBR should contain 8 SPU of the complex, which allows the desired number of RBR to be deployed as quickly as possible in conditions of minimal growth in the production of missiles and systems of the complex.
The first military missile brigade was fully equipped with the complexes in 2010. According to the program for equipping the Russian Armed Forces with new equipment and weapons until 2020, it is planned to equip missile brigades with 12 Iskander-M complexes. This means that a full-fledged brigade includes three missile divisions of 2 batteries, 2 complexes each ().
Brigade kit model 2014-2015 includes:
- 12 launchers
- 12 transport-charging vehicles
- 11 command and staff vehicles
- 14 life support machines
- 1 regulation and maintenance machine
- 1 point of information preparation.
A total of 51 units of equipment. The brigade is also equipped with missile ammunition, an arsenal kit, and training equipment (,).
Status: Russia:
1996 May 10 - the missile and SPU of the complex were shown to Russian President B.N. Yeltsin during his visit to the 4th State Central Test Site of the Russian Defense Ministry Kapustin Yar.
1998 December 25 - The FSB arrested two private entrepreneurs from Kolomna and a KBM employee for attempting to transfer secret documentation on the 9M723 product to Western intelligence services.
2000 July 11 - the Iskander-E complex (on the MZKT-7930 chassis) was presented at the Ural Expo ARMZ-2000 exhibition in Nizhny Tagil. At the exhibition, information was announced that a total of 2 Iskander complexes had been produced by industry and were being tested.
2004 - a contract was concluded for the supply of 18 Iskander-E complexes to Syria, later canceled under pressure from the United States and Israel. It was assumed that delivery would be made in 2007-2008. The plan for the supply of Iskander complexes to the Russian Armed Forces for 2004 is 4 units (division, no confirmation of implementation). A plan for 2005 has been announced - it is planned to put into service 2 Iskander-M complexes.
March 2005 - the first 9K720 complexes entered service with the 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Kapustin Yar, apparently 2 units, according to media reports it was planned to deliver 3 units in 2005). The full complement of a separate missile division was completed by January 2007. It is planned to begin arming missile brigade complexes: composition - 3 missile divisions, each with three batteries - each with 3 launchers and support equipment - in total, the missile brigade includes 27 complexes and 100 missiles for them . Incl. it is planned to equip the 103rd ORBR of the Siberian Military District and the 107th ORBR of the Far Eastern Military District with the complexes (as of 2009, the re-equipment of these brigades has not begun or is not reported).
July 2006 - Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov stated that in 2007-1015. The Russian Armed Forces will receive 60 Iskander-M complexes and 120 missiles for them (5 missile brigades). Consequently, the composition of the brigade is 2-3 divisions, 2 batteries each, 2 SPUs per battery = most likely, 12 SPUs per RBR.
2006 - the Iskander-M complex was adopted by the Russian Armed Forces. By 2015, it is planned to equip 5 RBRs (individual missile brigades) with the complex and complete the deployment of the group (60 SPU). According to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year. Total - maximum, 7 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (doubtful).
2007 January - completion of the 630th ORDN with Iskander-M complexes produced by Barrikady PA - 2 batteries of 2 complexes each (total - 4 complexes in ORDN and, probably, in the Russian Armed Forces).
May 29, 2007 - Iskander and R-500 missiles were launched at the Kapustin Yar test site (the latter was the first launch). Information appeared in the media about the completion of tests of the Iskander-K complex with the R-500 cruise missile at the Kapustin Yar test site. Range - 500 km, cruising speed - 230-260 m/s, flight duration - 24 minutes, warhead weight 500 kg, CEP - about 1 m, engine - economical turbofan engine, expected to be put into service in 2009. State tests of R- missiles 500 is planned to start in 2008.
SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex of the 630th missile division. Probably an SPU with a 9M723K5 missile, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2007 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
2007 - the media stated that the 92nd separate missile brigade of the Volga-Ural Military District and the 107th separate missile brigade of the Far Eastern Military District began to arm themselves with 9K720 systems. The brigade is expected to be completed by 2011. According to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year (the figure 3 units is also found). Total - probably, 7-8 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces.
May 9, 2008 - a missile division of the SPU and TZM Iskander complexes, probably the 630th ORN of the North Caucasus Military District, took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow.
SPU of the Iskander-M complex at the parade on May 9, 2008 in Moscow (photo by Andrey Kuzmin, taken from the website http://militaryparitet.com)
- 2008 August 12 - there is information, unconfirmed by the Russian side, about the use of the Iskander OTR with a cluster warhead in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict by Russian troops (against the base of a tank battalion in Gori, Georgia). Perhaps the complexes were used by the 630th ORDN of the North Caucasus Military District.
November 5, 2008 - Russian President Dmitry Medvedev made a statement that it is planned to deploy an Iskander missile brigade in the Kaliningrad region to neutralize US missile defense systems that were supposed to be deployed in Poland.
December 2008 - production plans for 2009-2011 were announced. - it is planned to supply 30 Iskander missiles to the Russian Armed Forces (and probably 4 complexes per year).
2008 - according to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year (the figure 3 units is also found). Total - probably, 10-12 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (630th ORDN, and probably ORDN of district training centers and 1-2 incomplete RBR).
2009 May 9 - the 630th ORDN of the North Caucasus Military District with a full set of SPU and TZM complexes "Iskander-M" took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow.
2009 June 17 - Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Nikolai Makarov stated that the rearmament of units of the North Caucasus Military District and the Kaliningrad Special Region will be completed by 2012.
September 19, 2009 - Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Vladimir Popovkin in an interview with the Ekho Moskvy radio station stated that after the United States refused to deploy a missile defense system in Europe, a decision was made not to deploy Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region.
September 29, 2009 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, Army General Vladimir Boldyrev, announced that Iskander missile brigades would arrive in all military districts of Russia. The first brigade will be fully staffed in 2010.
2009 October 20 - a notice was published about an open competition for the right to conclude an agreement to carry out work on the development of design documentation: "Reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the FSUE Votkinsk Plant, Votkinsk, Udmurt Republic, to ensure serial production of Iskander-M products ". The estimated cost of re-equipment of production is 308 million rubles, the completion date of the re-equipment according to the plan is 2012.
November 6, 2009 - the head of the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Armed Forces, Lieutenant General Sergei Bogatinov, announced that one of the missile brigades of the Russian ground forces by the end of 2010 will be completely re-equipped with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems.
November 12, 2009 - in his annual message to the Federal Assembly, President Dmitry Medvedev stated that in 2010 the Russian Armed Forces will receive 5 Iskander complexes. Previously, officials stated that in 2010 it is planned to purchase 3 complexes and 13 missiles for them.
2009 end of the year - according to media reports, during the year 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces (at least 3 units according to our estimate). Total - probably 8-9-16 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (taking into account possible failures to fulfill plans in previous years).
- 2010 February 25 - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Colonel General Alexander Postnikov, stated that during 2010 the missile brigade of the Leningrad Military District (meaning the 26th RBR) will be armed with Iskander complexes.
July 17, 2010 - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Colonel General Alexander Postnikov, announced that the missile brigade of the Leningrad Military District received the first Iskander OTR complex.
December 14, 2010 - Commander of the Western Military District Arkady Bakhin announced that the Western Military District had adopted Iskander missile systems. Later () information appeared that in 2010 the armament of 12 Iskander-M complexes of the first military missile brigade was completed.
Probably the 630th ORDN is preparing for the parade on Red Square in Moscow, 05/09/2011 (montage of photographs by Renat Dunyashov, http://taek.livejournal.com).
- 2011 August 01 - Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov stated that in total it is planned to accept 120 Iskander complexes (12 per brigade) into service with the Russian Armed Forces. It also became known that the 26th RBR is fully equipped with Iskander complexes, and also that in 2010, 6 Iskander complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces.
2011 August 4 - signing of contract Z/3/1/24-11-DGOZ for the supply of Iskander-M missile systems in brigade sets of two sets per year ()
2011 September 22 - during the command and staff exercises "Center-2011", held including at the 4th Main Central Interspecific Test Site Kapustin Yar, group launches of the Iskander-M, " " and MLRS "Smerch" were carried out. A total of two missiles similar to the 9M723K5 missiles were launched.
Operation of the SPU 9P78-1 battery during a group launch of the OTR type 9M723K5 or similar 9K720 Iskander-M complex during the Tsentr-2011 exercises, Kapustin YaR training ground, 09/22/2011 (http://www.mil.ru ).
Launches from SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2011 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
Group launch of OTR type 9M723K5 or similar complexes 9K720 "Iskander-M" and OTR 9M79 complexes 9K79-1 "Tochka-U" during the exercises "Center-2011", Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2011 (http://www .mil.ru).
- 2011 October 5 - a photo of the SPU 9P78-1 from the 26th Missile Brigade appeared on the Internet.
- 2011 October 11 - at the Kapustin Yar test site, a test launch of a missile with a new type of combat equipment was carried out with one of the experimental SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex. Over the entire period of its operation, 27 missile launches were carried out from this SPU.
October 21, 2011 - Information appeared in the media that the 26th Missile Brigade (Luga, Western Military District) was re-equipped with 9K720 Iskander-M systems. Several media reports say that the first brigade of the Russian Armed Forces is armed with Iskander-M complexes.
November 14, 2011 - the media reported a successful test of the 9M723 missile with a correlation optical seeker. KVO is called at the level of 5 meters. In 2012, the tested complex with a new type of missile will be transferred from the 60th combat use center in Kapustin Yar to the 26th Neman Missile Brigade (Luga).
July 3, 2012 - RIA Novosti, citing the Russian President, reports that by 2020, as part of the State Armaments Program, 10 Iskander-M “brigade missile systems” will be delivered to the ground forces. We are probably talking about brigade kits. According to media reports, one brigade set includes 12 SPU complexes.
2012 September 17-23 - the Caucasus-2012 maneuvers are planned to be held at the Prudboy, Kapustin Yar, Ashuluk and Raevskoye training grounds, within the framework of which it is planned, incl. carrying out firing of combat missiles of the Iskander complex ().
November 22, 2012 - on the official website of the Ministry of Defense it is reported that Iskander missile systems were delivered to parts of the Southern Military District in the Volgograd Region and Krasnodar Territory during 2012.
February 9, 2013 - Commander of the 20th Army of the Western Military District, Major General Alexander Lapin, told the media that the Iskander-M complexes () will soon enter service with the army.
February 12, 2013 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, Colonel General Vladimir Chirkin, inspected the Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, where specialists are trained to work on the Iskander missile systems ().
SPU 9P78-1 of the Iskander-M missile system, Moscow, preparation for the parade, May 7, 2013 (photo - pfc-joker, http://pfc-joker.livejournal.com).
- 2013 May 15 - information appeared in the media with reference to a representative of the Ministry of Defense about plans to deploy Iskander-M missile systems at the 102nd Russian military base in Gyumri (Armenia).
2013 June 24 - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov announced that in 2013 the delivery of the “first brigade sets of complexes” will begin. Previously, manufacturers of various elements of the Iskander complex supplied their products to the troops independently: command and staff vehicles, launchers, as well as missile warheads and launch vehicles were supplied separately. “In 2013, it is planned to deliver the first brigade sets (Iskander OTRK),” Borisov told RIA Novosti.
- 2013 September 22 - the missile brigade of the Western Military District (probably the 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade, Luga) carried out successful training firing of the Iskander-M missile system ().
RK "Iskander-M" at shooting in Luga, Leningrad region. The second frame shows cloudy conditions from shooting the rope clip. 09.22.2013 (footage from the Zvezda TV channel, http://function.mil.ru).
- 2013 October 07 - The Ministry of Defense reports that by the end of the year the Iskander-M missile launchers will arrive in parts of the Southern Military District.
November 14, 2013 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground, a brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems () was handed over to the personnel of one of the missile brigades of the Russian Ground Forces. The brigade kit was transferred to the brigade of the Southern Military District. In general, starting from 2013, it is planned to transfer two brigade sets per year to the armed forces ().
SPU 9P78-1 with 9M723 ballistic missiles and R-500 cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the second serial brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 1st RBR. Kapustin Yar, November 14, 2013 (http://vk34.ru/).
SPU 9P78-1 with R-500 cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the second serial brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 1st RBR. Kapustin Yar, November 14, 2013 (http://vk34.ru/, video report).
- 2013 November 14 - KBM General Designer V.M. Kashin at the ceremony of handing over the brigade set of Iskander-M complexes in Kapustin Yar said that today 5 types of missiles have been created for the complex and 3 more types of missiles are in development () .
December 15, 2013 - the German weekly Bild, with reference to satellite images, reports the deployment of at least 10 Iskander-M missile systems in the Kaliningrad region - in Kaliningrad, as well as along the borders with the Baltic states (). On December 16, in a statement, the Russian Ministry of Defense said: “The deployment areas of Iskander missile divisions on the territory of the Western Military District (WMD) do not contradict international agreements” (). Thus, the fact of missile deployment has not been refuted, but it has not been confirmed either.
2013 December 18 - the first division of the brigade set of Iskander-M complexes arrived in Krasnodar at the location of the 1st Guard. rocket Orsha orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov brigade (formerly 114th RBR,).
December 19, 2013 - at a press conference it was stated that the decision on the deployment of Iskander-M missile systems in Kaliningrad has not yet been made. Thus, it is likely that there were either no missile systems at all or they were temporarily located in the Kaliningrad region.
February 11, 2014 - The media report on the ongoing development of a new missile for the Iskander-M complex by the KBM without specifying the specifications of the missile ().
July 8, 2014 - a brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems (12 SPU, ) was handed over to the missilemen of the Western Military District in Kapustin Yar.
May 20, 2015 - The leadership of Ukraine states in the media that 10 Iskander-M missile systems are deployed in Crimea (the area of the village of Shchelkovo - Cape Kazantip and the city of Krasnoperekopsk). The first mention of the deployment in the Ukrainian media dates back to December 2014. According to media reports, a total of 3 missile divisions are planned to be deployed. Additional deployment points are the city of Dzhankoy and the village of Chernomorskoye ().
2015, end of July - a missile brigade stationed in the Krasnodar Territory (probably the 1st Guards Missile Brigade) will conduct exercises at the Karustin Yar training ground with combat launches of Iskander-M missiles at a range of up to 300 km ().
2015 September 15 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground, the crew of the missile formation of the Southern Military District carried out combat launches of Iskander-M missiles at targets 300 km away ().
October 30, 2015 - the R-500 cruise missile of the Iskander-M complex was launched at the Kapustin Yar training ground. The launch was carried out as part of an exercise for the strategic forces control system of the Russian Armed Forces (http://mil.ru).
Launch of the R-500 cruise missile of the Iskander-M complex from the Kapustin Yar training ground as part of the exercise of the strategic forces control system of the Russian Armed Forces, October 30, 2015 (video footage from the Russian Ministry of Defense, http://mil.ru).
Still from the TV show “Serving Russia!” TV channel "Zvezda" dated March 27, 2016, which depicts an object similar to SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex on the territory of the Khmeimim airbase, Syria.
- 2016 April 19 - as part of military exercises at the Kapustin Yar training ground, the Iskander-M OTRK cruise missile was launched. The missile hit the target at a distance of 200 km from the launch point. The military camp training took about a month. The launch of Iskander-M was the final point in a large-scale training, in which more than 400 military personnel and 70 pieces of military equipment took part ().
2016 June 28 - another brigade set of Iskander-M complexes (51 vehicles) was transferred to the missile forces of the ground forces of the Eastern District (5th Combined Arms Army) at the Kapustin Yar training ground ().
Receipt of complexes"Iskander" / "Iskander-M" in the Russian Armed Forces* (version dated June 28, 2016):
| Year | Admission | Total | Source of information, note |
| 2004 | plan 4 fact 0 | 0 | |
| 2005 | plan 2-3 fact 3 | 3 | March 2005, entered service with the 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Kapustin Yar) |
| 2006 | plan - 4? | 4 ? | according to media reports, the data is questionable |
| 2007 | plan - 3-4 fact - 0? | 4 | in January, the installation of 4 Iskander-M complexes of the 630th order was completed, |
| 2008 | plan - 3-4 fact - 3 | 7 | data on supplies of complexes from the media |
| 2009 | plan - 3-4 fact - 3 | 10 | data on supplies of complexes from the media |
| 2010 | plan 3 fact 6 | 16 | Statement by Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov 08/01/2011. Perhaps 6 complexes - total supply 2009-2010. |
| 2011 | plan 6? fact - 0 | 16 | Analysis and serial production were not carried out at JSC Votkinsk Plant. Perhaps there were no supplies. |
| 2012 | plan 6? fact - 0 | 16 | Analysis, serial production at Votkinsk Plant OJSC is planned for the amount of 2.4 billion rubles, the complexes are expected to be delivered to the 20th Army of the Western Military District. Perhaps there were no supplies. |
| 2013 | plan - 24 fact - 24 | 40 | - 06/28/2013 the first of two (in 2013) brigade sets of the missile system was transferred to the ground forces - 12 SPU (3 divisions of 2 batteries and 2 SPU each) - 107 ORB (Birobidzhan). It is stated that the delivery of “brigade sets of complexes” will begin in 2013 and that the completion of the armament program for 10 missile brigades is possible before 2018. - 11/14/2013 - the second brigade set of complexes produced in 2013 was transferred to the Kapustin Yar missile brigade of the Southern Military District - the 1st Guards Orsha Missile Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov brigade (Krasnodar). |
| 2014 | plan - 24 fact - 24 (11/18/2014) | 64 | On July 8, a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes (112th Guards Missile Brigade (Shuya)) was transferred to the Western Military District. |
| 2015 | plan - 24 fact - 24 (11/18/2015) | 88 | Assumption according to the statement of the management of KBM dated June 28, 2013. July 15 - a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the 103rd separate missile Red Banner Order of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky brigade of the 36th combined arms army of the Eastern Military District, stationed in Ulan-Ude. The transfer took place in Kapustin Yar. |
| 2016 | plan - 24 fact - 12 (06/28/2016) | 112 | Assumption according to the statement of the management of KBM dated June 28, 2013. June 28 - the brigade set was transferred to the brigade of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Eastern District. |
| 2017 | plan - 12? | 124 | Assumption according to the statement of the management of KBM dated June 28, 2013. |
| 2018 | 120 | Possible implementation of plans for 2011 according to the statement of the KBM management dated June 28, 2013. | |
| 2020 | plan +40? | 120 | by the specified date, according to the statement dated 07/03/2012. |
As part of the Russian Armed Forces According to our data, they are armed with Iskander / Iskander-M complexes (data as of 11/09/2016, incomplete):
| Military unit | Military district | Number of SPU | Start acquisition | Completion acquisition | Explanations |
| 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Znamensk-6, Kapustin Yar training ground) | Southern District (formerly North Caucasian), subordination of the part - central | 4 | March 2005 | January 2007 | the first part armed with 9K720 complexes July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for park equipment storage facilities in Znamensk 13017 and 13021 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade of the 6th Army (Luga), military unit 54006 | Western District (formerly Leningradsky) | 12 | 2008/2009 (plan 2007) really - July 2010 | plan - 2012 (based on indirect evidence, 2009-2010) July 2011 (fact) 10/21/2011 (announced in the media) | 2009 - according to media reports, completed, 2010 is planned to be completely re-equipped. The brigade was fully equipped with Iskander systems in July 2011. On August 22, 2011, brigade personnel and possibly 2 or 4 SPU took part in training launches at the Kapustin Yar training ground as part of the Center-2011 exercise. in 2012, complexes with 9M723 missiles with optical correlation seekers will be transferred to the brigade (not confirmed). July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for the park equipment storage facility 1/L-25 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 107th separate missile brigade of the 35th Army (Birobidzhan / Semistochny village) | Eastern (formerly Far Eastern) | 12 | 2007 (2005 plans) | 2011 (plan) 06/28/2013 (fact) | It was announced that recruitment would begin in March 2005. On June 28, 2013, the transfer of the first complete brigade set of Iskander-M complexes to the brigade was completed. July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for the park storage facility for equipment P-3/11 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 1st Guards Rocket Orsha Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov Brigade of the 49th Army (formerly 114th RBR, Krasnodar) | Southern District (formerly North Caucasian) | 12 | 2012 | 2012 (plan) November 14, 2013 (fact) | 2011 - the missile brigade was reassigned to the 49th Combined Arms Army () RBR of the 2nd division composition, according to our assessment, on November 22, 2012, the website of the Ministry of Defense reported that in 2012, deliveries of the Iskander missile system began to parts of the Southern Military District The first division (out of three) arrived at the place of deployment in the village of Molkino on December 17, 2013 () July 2014 is the planned date for commissioning the park equipment storage facility in the villages of Molkino 13009 and Mozdok 13011 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 112th Guards Rocket Brigade (Shuya) 1st Tank Army | Western District (formerly Moscow) | 12 | 2014 | 07/08/2014 (fact) | The re-equipment of the unit was planned for 2009. 07/08/2014 A brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the missile unit of the Western Military District in Kapustin Yar. February 2015 is the planned commissioning date for the park storage facility for equipment 107/603 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 92nd Missile Brigade (Totskoye-2, Orenburg, formerly Kamenka near Penza) of the 2nd Combined Arms Army | Privolzhsko-Uralsky | 12 | It was planned to begin recruitment in 2007 | 2011 (2010 plan) 11/18/2014 (fact) | Deliveries were planned in 2010 November 18, 2014 A brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the missile unit in Kapustin Yar July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for the park equipment storage facility in the village of Totskoye-2 TC-ISK (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 103rd separate rocket Red Banner orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky brigade of the 36th combined arms army (Drovyanaya settlement, Ulan-Ude) | Eastern (formerly Siberian) | 12 | no data | plan - 2015 until the end of the year () 07/15/2015 | It was announced that recruitment would begin in March 2005. On July 15, 2015, a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the missile unit in Kapustin Yar - 51 units. technology |
| 12th (new) missile brigade as part of the 58th combined arms army (Mozdok, ) | Southern | 12 | no data | until the end of 2015 Kuwait - as of 2008, negotiations are underway on possible supplies (Rosoboronexport, interview with N. Dimidyuk); Malaysia - according to Rosoboronexport (interview with N. Dimidyuk) is interested in supplying the Iskander-E OTR. The United Arab Emirates - according to Rosoboronexport (interview with N. Dimidyuk) is interested in supplying the Iskander-E OTR. Saudi Arabia: Singapore - as of 2008, negotiations are underway on possible supplies (Rosoboronexport, interview with N. Dimidyuk); Syria - 2004 - a contract was concluded for the supply of Iskander-E to Syria, later canceled by President Vladimir Putin under pressure from the United States and Israel. It was assumed that delivery would be made in 2007-2008. In February 2007, information appeared about a likely supply starting in 2007 through Belarus Http://www.gosniimash.ru http://test.rosb.ru, 2010 Shunkov V.N., Missile weapons. Minsk, Potpourri, 2003 GlobalSecurity.org. Website http://www.globalsecurity.org, 2010 Zaloga Steven J., Scud Ballistic Missile and Launch Systems 1955-2005. Osprey Publishing. 2006 |
Tactical and operational-tactical missile systems.
The strategy for waging armed conflicts shows that one of their significant tendencies is the desire of the opposing sides to limit the struggle to the maximum extent possible at the front line, in direct contact of troops in order to preserve manpower for delivering a decisive blow and transfer the main volume of operations to the second echelons, which can be achieved by using aviation or missile systems for various purposes.
However, taking into account that aviation operations are not all-weather and are also associated with human losses, missile systems remain the most effective means of destroying various types of objects at any time of the day, year, in any climatic conditions.
The socio-political situation that prevailed during the initial period of development of the TRC and OTRK predetermined the creation of complexes, the use of which included only nuclear combat equipment (8K14, Luna, Temp-S), while the missiles had low accuracy and a low probability of overcoming enemy missile defenses and other shortcomings determined by the level of scientific and technological development for the period of creation of these complexes.
The subsequent change in the military-political situation and the transition to conventional (non-nuclear) equipment of the TRC and OTRK required a fundamental change in the ideology of constructing these complexes, the main directions of which at the present stage are:
- high efficiency of using conventional warheads due to precision shooting accuracy;
- a wide range of combat units;
- autonomy, mobility, maneuverability and high maneuverability of combat vehicles;
- secrecy in preparing and launching a missile strike;
- speed of SPU deployment and minimal preparation time for a missile launch;
- the possibility of using starting positions that are unprepared in engineering and geodetic terms;
- high reliability and ease of use;
- high degree of automation of the preparation and launch process;
- wide temperature range for combat use;
- long service life;
- high probability of overcoming enemy missile defense.
The first missile system of this class, created by KBM together with other leading enterprises of the military-industrial complex of the USSR, was the Tochka tactical missile system, adopted for service in 1975.
The Tochka complex, possessing high shooting accuracy, was the first model of missile weapons of the Ground Forces, capable of effectively solving the problem of hitting targets in the tactical depth of enemy defense with conventional combat units, and has significant advantages over previously created RK (including foreign ones) in maneuverability, the ability to prepare and launch a covert missile strike, etc.
The complex is still in service with the Russian Army and the armies of a number of foreign countries and has proven itself to be one of the most effective and reliable weapons.
Subsequently, in order to expand combat capabilities, on the basis of the Tochka complex, the modernized Tochka-U tactical missile system was developed and put into service (in 1989) with a firing range of up to 120 km and maintaining high firing accuracy. At the same time, the Tochka-U complex has the ability to operate and combat use missiles of the Tochka complex.
The "Tochka" and "Tochka-U" complexes, in addition to combat equipment, also include a full set of their service and training equipment. KBM services organized warranty service for the complexes and extended the period of their technical suitability.
Simultaneously with the work on tactical missile systems, KBM, together with co-executors, developed and put into service (in 1979) the Oka operational-tactical missile system with a firing range of up to 400 km.
9P71 with the 9K714 Oka missile in Slovakia (2000, a month before they were destroyed with American money).
The Oka complex was the only one in this class of missile systems, both domestic and foreign, in which for the first time the problem of overcoming the enemy’s missile defense with a probability close to one was solved.
The combat and technical characteristics of the complex significantly exceeded those of similar complexes, providing it with significant prospects.
However, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty concluded in 1987 between the USSR and the USA led to the elimination of not only the Temp-S complex with a range of up to 900 km, which was covered by the Treaty, but also the Oka complex.
The scientific and technical groundwork and operating experience of these complexes accumulated by KBM during the development of fuel dispensers and otrkas made it possible to use them in the creation of modern weapons, incl. in the development of the Iskander-E operational-tactical missile system, which meets the requirements of the regulations on the non-proliferation control regime for missile technologies, with technical characteristics that ensure the fulfillment of not only modern, but also future requirements for weapons of this class.
The complex is designed for covert preparation and delivery of effective missile strikes against particularly important small-sized and area targets. It is built on the latest scientific, technical and design achievements in the field of operational-tactical missile systems and, based on the totality of implemented technical solutions and high combat effectiveness, is a weapon of a new generation. This is a “weapon of deterrence” in local conflicts, and for countries with limited living space - a strategic weapon.
The long firing range, allowing it to be used from deep within the location of friendly troops, and the short time spent at the starting position make the complex practically invulnerable. According to the conclusion of leading military-technical centers, the Iskander-E complex is 5-8 times superior to the best foreign analogues in terms of efficiency-cost criteria.
The structure of the complex, its control system, automated combat control and information support make it possible to quickly respond to new requirements without significant modification of combat assets and, as a result, provide it with a long life cycle.
The complex ensures the adaptation of its elements to the automotive and radio-electronic database of potential customers, as well as the possibility of constant (or periodic) maintenance of its elements by highly qualified specialists from Russian companies.
In terms of the level of combat capabilities achieved, the Iskander-E missile system has no analogues in the world, which makes it a promising weapon for the coming decades of the 21st century.
High-precision tactical missile system "Tochka-U".
Purpose: designed to effectively destroy critical targets in the tactical depth of enemy troops.
Composition of the complex:
- single-stage missile, controlled throughout its entire trajectory, with an integral warhead; control system - inertial;
- automated control and testing machine;
- maintenance machine;
teaching aids.
Main tactical and technical characteristics:
Firing range, km minimum 15 maximum 120 Firing accuracy high Starting weight, kg 2010 Time.: preparation for launch, min:
from readiness No. 12 from the march 16 Launcher mass (with rocket and crew), kg 18145 Maximum speed of movement of the launcher, km/h: along the highway 60 afloat 8 Fuel range of combat vehicles (fully loaded), km 650 Technical resource of combat vehicles, km 15000 Crew, people 3 Operating temperature range, degrees C from -40 to +50 Service life, years at least 10, of which 3 years in the field Missile warheads: type Cassette, high-explosive fragmentation weight, kg 482
Operational-tactical missile system "Iskander-E".
The Iskander-E mobile missile system is designed to engage the following ground targets within the operational firing range with high-precision missiles:
- command posts and communication centers;
- large groups of troops;
- fire weapons;
- air defense and missile defense facilities;
- airplanes and helicopters in parking lots;
- the most important about industrial and energy facilities.
Main features of the missile system:
- effective destruction of various types of targets in conditions of the enemy’s use of countermeasures;
- possibility of covert training, combat duty and effective delivery of missile strikes;
- automatic calculation and input of missile flight missions using launcher means;
- high probability of trouble-free functioning of the rocket during preparation for launch and in flight;
- high tactical maneuverability due to the high maneuverability of combat vehicles mounted on all-wheel drive chassis;
- strategic mobility due to the transportability of the complex’s vehicles by all modes of transport, including transport aviation;
- automation of combat control of missile units, operational processing and delivery of intelligence information to the appropriate control levels;
- long service life and ease of use.
Composition of the complex:
- the missile of the Iskander-E complex is solid-fuel, single-stage, controllable along the entire flight path, with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight;
- self-propelled launcher;
- transport-charging machine;
- routine maintenance machine;
- command and control vehicle;
- information preparation point;
- a set of arsenal equipment;
- educational and training facilities.
Main characteristics
Firing range, km minimum 50 maximum 280 Weight, kg: launch rocket 3800 payload 480 missile launcher 42300 Warhead type cassette, high-explosive fragmentation, penetrating Rocket engine Solid propellant rocket engine Control system type autonomous, inertial, integrated with optical seeker Chassis type wheeled, all-terrain Number of missiles, pcs.: on the launcher 2 on a transport-charging machine 2 Combat crew of a self-propelled launcher, people: 3 Temperature range of application, degrees. WITH ±50 Service life, years 10, of which 3 years in the field
Replicas from http://www.kbm.ru/ru/product/otrk, http://www.kbm.ru/ru/product/otrk/tochka-u, http://www.kbm.ru/ru/ product/otrk/iskander-e
Chronicle on OTRK "Iskander".
State tests of the Iskander-E operational-tactical complex, the supply of which to the Russian Armed Forces are provided for by the state defense order, are being completed. As part of the state tests of the Iskander-E OTRK, more than 10 launches were carried out - more than half. The main problem is the delay in prepayment by subcontractors for the manufacture of material for the next stages of testing. With proper funding, they will be completed within a few months. (as of April 2004)
Tests of the new Iskander tactical missile system have been successfully completed in Russia. As Krasnaya Zvezda reports, the Chief of the General Staff, Colonel General Yuri Baluevsky, said that there are plans to purchase a new Iskander tactical missile system and create a brigade equipped with this latest weapon. (30.08.2004. Business News Agency). In 2005, the Ground Forces will have the first missile brigade equipped with new weapons: each of its three missile divisions has 3 batteries, each of them has 3 mobile launchers of the Iskander-E complex, each with 2 missiles. In total - 27 launchers and (taking into account the reserve on the "loading" machines) 100 missiles. (as of August-September 2004)
The first division of Iskander operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK) has been formed in the Russian Armed Forces. It will operate in one of the permanent readiness units in the south of the country, said Colonel General Vladimir Zaritsky, head of the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Armed Forces. Subsequently, in accordance with the Armament Program and the Development Concept, we will begin the rearmament, apparently, of the missile brigades of the Far East and the Siberian Military District,” the general said. (03/25/2005 ARMS-TASS News Agency)
In 2005, plans were reported for the supply of Iskander complexes to Syria. This caused a negative reaction from Israel and the United States. During a visit to Israel, Russian President V.V. Putin announced a ban on such supplies to prevent an imbalance of power in the region.
According to information received during the IMDS-2005 exhibition, the Iskander tactical missile system is also being developed in a sea-based version (for the Navy). This variant is designated "Iskander-MKR". While there are no details on this topic, it is only known that the TT charge of the propulsion system is created at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Perm Plant named after S.M. Kirov", and the TT rocket engine is created at the Iskra Research and Production Association OJSC (Perm). >>>
On 05/30/2007, tests of the R-500 cruise missile for the Iskander-K complex, which is expected to be put into service in 2009, were completed at the Kapustin Yar test site. The R-500 high-precision subsonic cruise missile has an increased firing range compared to the Iskander-M and develops a cruise speed of 230-260 m/s. The combat load is 500 kg, the firing range is 500 km. The R-500 is equipped with a compact, low-thrust, low-thrust, low-thrust, dual-circuit turbojet engine. (http://www.kapyar.ru/index.php?pg=218)\
According to the Dutch Foreign Ministry, an Iskander missile with a cluster warhead was used on August 12, 2008 during the shelling of the city of Gori during the August war against Georgia. The Russian side considers the evidence provided in the application to be insufficient.
In August 2008, during a visit to Moscow, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad expressed his readiness to deploy complexes in Syria.
On November 5, 2008, Russian President Medvedev, speaking to the Federal Assembly, said that the response to the American missile defense system in Poland would be the deployment of Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region.
The export of high-precision operational-tactical missile systems "Iskander-E" will be suspended until the Russian army is equipped with these weapons in sufficient quantities, said Nikolai DIMIDIUK, director for special assignments of Rosoboronexport. He previously stated that Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, and India are showing interest in the Iskanders. True, the head of one of the defense plants recently admitted that foreign orders for Iskanders are several times higher than Russian ones. Moreover, the defense industry could not accept orders from the Russian army, because all production facilities are occupied by the production of Iskanders for export. We may need about 50 such complexes. And industrial capacity allows us to produce only 12 Iskanders per year. Therefore, it will take four years... (KP, 11/13/2008)
Optical seeker of the Iskander TRK, shown by TsNIIAG at MVSV-2006.
- This seeker for Iskander was shown at the TsNIIAG stand at MVSV-2004. Apparently this is an optical-electronic correlation-extreme guidance system 9E436 (-E) for the Iskander missile system (-E).
- Iskander-E mock-up at MAKS-2005. A KBM representative said that the name “Iskander-M” was an invention of journalists...
- Layout at St. Petersburg MAKS-2003.
Questions about products on the KBM website.
Section: OTRK.
What can you say about the possibility of the Iskander-E missile penetrating the enemy’s missile defense system?
For the first time, the question of overcoming missile defense was raised during the development of the Oka complex. The technical solutions adopted at that time made it possible to overcome the existing missile defense system quite effectively. It is quite natural that missile defense has not stood still and missile developers attach great importance to solving the problem of overcoming missile defense built on the basis of modern anti-missile systems. The Iskander-E complex, of course, implements technical solutions that make it possible to overcome the most modern missile defense with a high probability.
But doesn’t the need to prepare two missiles lead to an increase in the time the Iskander-E complex launcher spends at the launch position, which in turn will lead to an increase in the likelihood of it being hit by an enemy retaliatory strike?
No. In the Iskander-E complex, as well as in the Tochka, Tochka-U and Oka complexes, the time the launcher remains at the launch position is minimal and is up to 20 minutes, while the interval between the 1st and 2nd launches missiles for no more than one minute. In addition, it should be noted that missile launches do not require launch positions specially prepared in engineering and geodetic terms, which can lead to their discovery by the enemy. Launches can be carried out from the so-called “ready from the march”, i.e. the launcher drives onto any site (except for swampy areas and shifting sands) and its calculations in an automated cycle, without leaving the cabin, prepare and launch the rocket. After which the launcher moves to the reloading point and, after loading the missiles, is ready to launch a second missile strike from any launch position.
What warheads can the Iskander-E missile carry?
The missile can be equipped with: a cluster warhead with non-contact fragmentation warheads; cluster warhead with cumulative fragmentation warheads; cluster warhead with self-aiming combat elements; cluster warhead with volumetric detonating action; high-explosive fragmentation warhead (HFW); high-explosive incendiary warhead; penetrating warhead (PBC). I would like to note that, in contrast to previously developed similar systems, the missiles of which used a cluster warhead with contact detonation combat elements, the Iskander-E missile complex uses a cluster warhead with non-contact detonation combat elements triggered at an altitude of » 10 m above the surface.
Why, unlike the systems you previously developed, the launcher of the Iskander-E complex carries two missiles, and not one. After all, this complicates the launcher and increases its cost.
Yes, of course, the launcher becomes more complicated and more expensive, but not twice as expensive. If we estimate the cost of carrying out a combat mission to hit a certain number of targets, then it is obvious that in the case of Iskander-E it will be significantly lower than when using the same missile from a hypothetical launcher per missile, because the number of launchers used to hit all intended targets in the latter case is required to be twice as large. You can, of course, reload the launchers after the first missile strike, but this takes time, which, given the enemy’s countermeasures, may not be enough. In addition, when using a launcher for two missiles in a complex, the cost of operation is reduced and the number of personnel in the missile unit is reduced.
KBM is known as the developer of such effective tactical and operational-tactical missile systems as “Tochka”, “Tochka-U”, “Oka”. Currently, information about the latest development has appeared in the media.
At one time, these complexes fully met the requirements and level of technology development of that period. But the Tochka and Tochka-U complexes have a range of up to 70 - 120 km, respectively, and Oka, unfortunately, was unfairly classified as a “shorter-range” missile and eliminated in 1989 in accordance with the INF Treaty. The Iskander-E complex is a modern model of weapons, which implements the latest achievements of science and design ideas. Its main features include: - high firepower of a missile strike due to the placement of two missiles on one mobile launcher; - effective destruction of a wide range of targets with conventional warheads by one or two missiles due to the use of modern warheads, high accuracy and reliability of the missile, as well as the ability to overcome enemy missile defenses; - high efficiency of missile strikes and operational control by bringing automation of combat control to the launcher; - wide possibilities for modernizing the complex, including increasing combat equipment, increasing the accuracy of missile fire and in other areas. Thanks to its characteristics, the complex is a “weapon of deterrence” in local conflicts, and for countries with limited living space it becomes a strategic weapon.
OTRK "Iskander-M" / Photo: Press service of the Russian Defense Ministry
The Iskander-M operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) received a new aeroballistic missile.
“Now the Iskander-M OTRK can be equipped with five types of aeroballistic missiles and one cruise missile”
Valery Kashin, general designer of the research and production corporation Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (part of the High-Precision Complexes holding of the Rostec state corporation), told TASS.
“All these years, the weapons of the Iskander-M missile system have been developing and improving. In particular, a new aeroballistic missile has been created, which successfully passed interdepartmental tests in December,” he said.
Valery Kashin / Photo: Rostec
The agency's interlocutor explained that now the Iskander-M OTRK can be equipped with five types of aeroballistic missiles and one cruise missile.
About the complex
The 9K720 Iskander-M operational-tactical missile system was developed by KBM in the 1990s and put into service in 2006. Produced to replace the outdated 9K79 Tochka (9K79-1 Tochka-U) complexes. The range of the missiles is 500 kilometers, for the export version - 280 kilometers.
9M723 aeroballistic missiles (they have different types of combat equipment, as well as different correlative homing heads) are controlled throughout the flight, which makes their trajectory unpredictable and difficult to intercept by tactical missile defense systems. The complex can also use high-precision cruise missiles 9M728 (R-500), Lenta.ru reported.
Technical information
Guided operational-tactical missile 9M723
Single-stage solid-fuel rocket 9M723, controlled at all stages of flight with a quasi-ballistic trajectory. The warhead of a cluster-type missile has 54 fragmentation elements with non-contact detonation or also a cluster type with elements of a volumetric detonating effect. The missiles are produced by JSC Votkinsk Plant, the launcher is manufactured at the Barricades Production Association.
Single-stage solid propellant rocket 9M723 / Photo: fecusin.ucoz.ru
Schematic diagram of the 9M723 guided operational-tactical missile / Photo: fun-space.ru
The design of the rocket is single-stage with an inseparable warhead. Much attention is paid to reducing the RCS - there are no protruding parts, holes and noticeable joints, the cable garrot is minimized as much as possible on the first versions of the rockets and is made in the form of a thin train on the surface of the rocket body on more modern series, the aerodynamic control surfaces are replaced with swept ones instead of lattice ones. A special heat-protective coating of the body is used, which can probably serve as a coating that reduces the ESR.
Launch of the 9M723 guided tactical missile / Photo: pics2.pokazuha.ru
Rocket 9M723 - rear view / Photo: fun-space.ru
The task of creating similar equipment for Iskander-E was completed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (TsNIIAG), a leading developer of guidance and control systems for domestic tactical and operational-tactical missiles, which has a 25-year track record in the development of homing heads.
The main way to solve this problem was to combine an inertial system with optical guidance over the terrain surrounding the target. Moreover, the 9E436 optical correlation seeker, created in the early 90s at the Moscow TsNIIAG and shown at Eurosatory-2004, can be used both as part of the Iskander-E and on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types (including intercontinental). The seeker 9E436 has already passed flight tests and demonstrated the missile’s accuracy when hitting a target up to two meters. To date, serial production of this head has been prepared.
Optical seeker 9E436 of the 9M723 OTRK "Iskander" missile / Photo: militaryrussia.ru
- GOS mass - 20 kg
- Flight task entry time - no more than 5 minutes
- KVO - up to 20 m
This management principle has its advantages and disadvantages. Let's start with the last ones. Since the system does not recognize the target itself, but the terrain around it, it cannot provide guidance on a moving object. To formulate a flight mission, you must have a reconnaissance image. The operation of the seeker can be hampered by fog or an aerosol cloud exposed by the enemy that obscures the terrain. If the head is mounted on a ballistic missile, low clouds may interfere with its operation (this problem does not exist for cruise missiles capable of flying at low altitudes).
However, these disadvantages are more than compensated by the advantages. The optical seeker is universal and makes only one requirement for the missile's inertial control system: to bring the latter to the point at which the optics begin to see the target. Existing active electronic warfare systems, which very effectively counteract radar homing systems, are powerless against such a head. The high sensitivity of the seeker allows it to operate even on a moonless night, which distinguishes the new system from earlier prototypes. In addition, optical systems do not require signals from space radio navigation systems, such as the American NAVSTAR, which in crisis situations can be turned off or disabled by radio interference. At the same time, the integration of inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and an optical seeker makes it possible to create a missile that can hit a given target in almost any imaginable conditions.
The active radar seeker 9B918, which was developed and produced by NPP Radar MMS, also participates in the missile control work.
Engine - solid propellant rocket engine, engine compartment 9X820 (9M723 rocket), charge made of mixed solid fuel with high specific impulse. The Iskander/Iskander-E and Iskander-M missiles use different types of fuel. The solid propellant rocket motor of the complex does not require special heating during storage or operation at low temperatures (there are no missile heating systems on the SPU and TZM).
Remains of the engine compartment of a 9M723 missile discovered on Georgian territory during the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, August 2008 / Photo: militaryphotos.net
- high-explosive fragmentation (all modifications), can be used with an optical or radar correlation seeker;
- high-explosive incendiary use with optical or radar correlation seeker is unlikely
- penetrating (all modifications), can be used with optical or radar correlation seeker
- nuclear, power 5-50 kt (Iskander-M), theoretically can be used with an optical or radar correlation seeker. The use of nuclear warheads is probably not currently envisaged because in open photos and video materials on the SPU and TZM there are no heating systems for nuclear charges (but based on the modularity of the complex, such systems can be installed at any time).
9M723 rocket - front view / Photo: fun-space.ru
Option 1 (possibly 9N722K1 - Design Bureau of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant.
- Weight - 480 kg
- Number of combat elements - 54 pcs.
- Warhead deployment height - 900-1400 m
- Trigger height of combat elements - 6-10 m
Types of combat elements:
- fragmentation non-contact
- cumulative fragmentation
- self-aiming
- volumetric detonating
Option 2 (possibly 9N722K1 or another) - GosNIIMash (Dzerzhinsk)
- Weight - 480 kg
- Number of combat elements - 45 pcs.
- Type of combat elements - 9N730 with a central explosive charge (CRZ) 9N731
- Non-contact fuse type - 9E156 "Umbrella" developed by the Research Institute of Electronic Devices (Novosibirsk)
Contactless fuse 9E156 "Umbrella" of the combat element of a cassette warhead / Photo: news.ngs.ru
- Rocket 9M723K1 / 9M723K5 - missiles with cluster warheads.
- The 9M723K-E missile is an export version of the missile with a cluster warhead
- The 9M723-1 missile is an improved version of the missile, developed as of 2007-2009.
- Rocket 9M723-1F / 9M723-1FE - missile with radar seeker 9B918
- Rocket 9M723-1F2 / 9M723-1F2Tl - mass-produced, with the letters "Tl" - telemetric version of the rocket
- The 9M723-1K5 / 9M723-1K5Tl missile is mass-produced, with the letters "Tl" - a telemetric version of the missile.
- 9M723 missile with a new type of combat equipment - a missile with a new type of combat equipment was launched at the Kapustin Yar test site on October 11, 2011. The launch was successful.
- 9M723 missile with an optical correlation seeker - On November 14, 2911, a missile with a seeker of this type was successfully tested at the Kapustin Yar test site.
Here is an informational opportunity for me to learn more about this weapon. And at the same time I’ll tell you :-)
More than 24 billion rubles have been allocated to 17 enterprises of the military-industrial complex to update production facilities for the serial production of Iskander-M missile systems; another 16 billion will be invested by the enterprises themselves
"Iskander-M" is an operational-tactical missile system developed at Kolomna OJSC "NPK "KBM". Iskander was first demonstrated in August 1999 at the MAKS aerospace salon. The complex is designed to destroy small-sized and area targets - missile systems, jet multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery, airplanes and helicopters at airfields, command posts and communications centers.
Iskander is a weapon capable of influencing the military-political situation in some regions of the world if the states located in them do not have an extended territory. The issues of deployment of Iskander complexes, as well as their export deliveries, are the subject of political consultations between the countries.
For serial production and delivery of Iskander-M, the production facilities of 17 specialized enterprises are currently being built and reconstructed. The total volume of capital investments from budgetary and own funds is 40 billion rubles. As of June 31, 14 cooperation enterprises have approved design assignments. Design assignments for three more enterprises are in the final stages of approval, and the start of reconstruction and technical re-equipment is scheduled for 2014.
On November 14, 2011, information appeared in Russian and foreign media about the next successful launch of the 9M723 guided operational-tactical missile of the 9K720 Iskander-M multi-purpose modular missile system. The launch took place on November 10 at the Kapustin Yar test site in the Astrakhan region as part of a four-day tactical exercise of the 630th separate missile division, armed with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems.
According to the official representative of the Ministry of Defense for Ground Forces, Lieutenant Colonel N. Donyushkin, “at the final stage of the exercise, a successful combat launch of a missile equipped with the latest equipment took place.” However, he did not specify what latest equipment the launched rocket was equipped with. Nevertheless, the Izvestia newspaper, citing a source in the General Staff, states that the operational-tactical missile was aimed at the target using a photographic image of the area. That is, during the flight of the rocket, a comparison was made between a real image of the terrain and a digital image pre-loaded into the rocket computer, and, as the same Izvestia source claims, “with such characteristics, the Iskander-M will be able to even reach the metro.”
Apparently, we are talking about one of the types of correlation seekers that correct the operation of the inertial control system of a rocket at the last stage of the flight trajectory, or more precisely, about the optical correlation seeker 9E436, created in the early 90s at the Moscow TsNIIAG and shown at Eurosatory-2004 . Some experts consider one of the disadvantages of this guidance system to be the impossibility of hitting a target that has not been photographed and loaded into the computer in advance, but it should be taken into account that there is another type of seeker - radar-correlation. According to military expert K. Sivkov, “thanks to this guidance system, the accuracy of the missile when hitting the target is no more than five meters. Considering that the mass of the 9M723 charge is 500 kg, this will make it possible to destroy almost any, even deeply buried objects on enemy territory. Now the accuracy of Iskander missiles is no more than ten meters.” He also added that “these missile systems need to be placed in the central part of the country, aimed at the west, which, if necessary, will make it possible to disable the missile defense system located in European countries in a few minutes.”
The operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) "Iskander" ("Iskander-E" - for export, "Iskander-M" - for the Russian army) was created under the conditions of the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty and the refusal to use nuclear weapons in theaters of war by opposing sides. In this regard, the complex was created taking into account such fundamentally new requirements for newly developed missile systems, such as: refusal to use nuclear weapons and the use of warheads only in conventional equipment, ensuring high firing accuracy, control of the missile along the entire (most part) of its trajectory flight, the ability to install warheads on a missile, taking into account the type of targets to be hit, a high degree of automation in the processes of information exchange and control of combat work.
At the same time, the complex must be able to use data from global satellite navigation systems (Glonass, NAVSTAR), hit moving and stationary targets with a high degree of protection, have increased fire performance, and effectively overcome enemy air and missile defense systems.
The development of the Iskander complex in its original form began at the Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (Kolomna, hereinafter referred to as KBM) on an initiative basis by order of the chief designer S.P. Invincible and under his leadership in 1987. KBM’s competitor for the development of a new generation OTR was the Tula Instrument Design Bureau under the leadership of A.G. Shipunov, which proposed its project. The resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers on financing the design work of the complex was issued in 1988. When creating the complex, the task was set to ensure interaction within the RUK "Equality" with the M-55 target designation aircraft (developed by RUK - NIIEMI). The original project may have planned to use the SPU 9P76 with one missile. The KShM of the RUK "Equality" was designed on the MAZ-543 chassis (the KShM is similar to the KShM "Polyana").
The mobile high-precision operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) is designed to destroy small-sized and area targets with conventional combat units in the depths of the operational formation of enemy troops.
The goals may be:
· various means of fire destruction (missile systems, multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery);
· missile defense and air defense systems;
· airplanes and helicopters at airfields;
· command posts and communication centers;
· critical civil infrastructure facilities;
· other important small-sized and area targets on enemy territory.
High mobility and short preparation time for launching missiles ensure the secret preparation of the Iskander OTRK for combat use.
The main elements that make up the Iskander OTRK are: a missile, a self-propelled launcher, a transport-loading vehicle, a routine maintenance vehicle, a command and staff vehicle, an information preparation point, a set of arsenal equipment, and training facilities.
Rocket
The Iskander complex is a solid-fuel, single-stage, with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight, guided and vigorously maneuvered throughout the entire difficult-to-predict flight path. It maneuvers especially actively during the starting and final stages of the flight, during which it approaches the target with a high (20-30 units) overload. This necessitates an anti-missile flight to intercept an Iskander OTRK missile with an overload 2-3 times greater, which is currently practically impossible.
Group launch of OTR type 9M723K5 or similar complex 9K720 "Iskander-M" and OTR 9M79 complexes 9K79-1 "Tochka-U" during the exercise "Center-2011", Kapustin Yar training ground, 09/22/2011.
Most of the flight path of the Iskander missile, made using stealth technology with a small reflective surface, passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of it being hit by the enemy. The “invisibility” effect is achieved due to the combination of design features of the rocket and the treatment of its surface with special coatings.
To launch the missile to the target, an inertial control system is used, which is subsequently captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (GOS). The operating principle of the missile homing system is based on the formation by optical equipment of the seeker of an image of the terrain in the target area, which the on-board computer compares with the standard entered into it when preparing the missile for launch. The optical homing head is characterized by increased sensitivity and resistance to existing electronic warfare systems, which makes it possible to launch missiles on moonless nights without additional natural illumination and hit a moving target with an error of plus or minus two meters. Currently, except for the Iskander OTRK, no other similar missile system in the world can solve this problem.
It is characteristic that the optical homing system used in the rocket does not require corrective signals from space radio navigation systems, which in crisis situations can be disabled by radio interference or simply turned off. The integrated use of an inertial control system with satellite navigation equipment and an optical seeker made it possible to create a missile that can hit a given target in almost any possible conditions.
The homing head installed on the Iskander OTRK missile can be installed on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types.
To engage various types of targets, the missile can be equipped with ten types of warheads (cluster warhead with non-contact fragmentation warheads, cluster warhead with cumulative warheads, cluster warhead with self-aiming warheads, cluster warhead with volume-detonating action, high-explosive fragmentation warhead, high-explosive -incendiary warhead, penetrating to great depths of the warhead). The cassette warhead deploys at an altitude of 0.9-1.4 km, where combat elements of various effects are separated from it and continue their stabilized flight. They are equipped with radio sensors that ensure they are detonated at a height of 6-10 m above the target.
"Iskander - M" for the Russian Army, launcher for two missiles 9M723, 9M723-1, 9M723-1F or 9M723-1K (NATO classification SS-26 STONE), with a maximum flight range of up to 500 km (minimum range - 50 km) and a warhead mass of 480 kg (according to some sources, 500 kg). Single-stage solid-fuel rocket 9M723, controlled at all stages of flight with a quasi-ballistic trajectory. The warhead of a cluster-type missile has 54 fragmentation elements with non-contact detonation or also a cluster type with elements of a volumetric detonating effect. Curb flight weight - 3,800 kg, diameter - 920 mm, length - 7,200 mm.
"Iskander-K", a missile system for launching cruise missiles, for example R-500, the maximum flight range of which is up to 2,000 km.
Iskander-E, an export version of the missile system for the 9M723E missile (NATO classification SS-26 STONE B) with a maximum flight range of no more than 280 km and meeting the requirements of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).
This is the modern weapon of Russia
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sources
http: //www.arms-expo.ru
http: //topwar.ru
http: //militaryrussia.ru
The current geopolitical situation is such that in order to maintain sovereignty and authority in international relations, the country simply needs modern weapons. This is especially true when it comes to tactical nuclear systems, which are the last guarantee of peace on the planet. Of course, strategic missiles play the main role in deterring a potential enemy, but even the Iskander missile system can deter many from making rash decisions.
This type of weapon was created to destroy low-visibility targets in layered enemy defenses while on the move. This is all the more important because the modern strategy for conducting military operations presupposes preventive disarmament strikes that will not allow a potential enemy to use his missile defense systems.
Creation conditions
It was created in conditions when the USSR and the USA signed a treaty limiting the number of tactical nuclear warheads (INF). This happened in 1987. At the same time, potential adversaries agreed on a complete renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons in future combat conditions.
It was precisely because of this that a huge number of requirements were placed on the new complex: a complete abandonment of nuclear destructive elements was required, it was necessary to ensure almost pinpoint accuracy of fire, coupled with the highest possible controllability of the missile. In addition, specialists were required to ensure the greatest possible degree of automation of both the flight of the rocket and its launch.
Not least because of this, the Iskander missile system in Kaliningrad created a real “furor” among Baltic politicians, who, in panic, began to talk about a new threat looming over their sovereignty.
The role of satellite navigation systems
The main requirement, which corresponds to the realities of our time, was the possibility of using data obtained from satellite positioning systems (GLONASS, NAVSTAR). The new complex was required to be able to hit even moving armored targets with high efficiency, have the highest possible rate of fire, and also overcome the enemy’s deeply layered missile defense system.
First experience
The finished Iskander missile system was first tested back in 2007. S. Ivanov, who was then Prime Minister, reported to the President that the deviation from the target did not exceed one meter. These outstanding results were fully confirmed after reviewing data from all visual controls that were used in testing that day.
All this splendor was created in KBM, Kolomna. This design bureau is known all over the world, since it was from here that the Tochka, Strela and Osa complexes, as well as other examples of domestic air defense systems of various generations, began their “career”. Other elements were manufactured at the Titan Central Design Bureau (launching system), Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (the most important automatic projectile guidance system).
What is it intended for?
As we have already said, the Iskander missile system was created specifically for targeted strikes against targets deeply hidden behind enemy lines, protected by modern missile defense systems.
The following objects can act as targets:
- Enemy artillery and missile systems, large concentrations of armored vehicles.
- ABM means.
- Aviation formations at the time of deployment at airfields.
- All command and communications personnel of the complex.
- Large infrastructure facilities, the loss of which would have a painful impact on the enemy.
- Other important objects in enemy territory.
Since the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system is distinguished by its stealth and very high speed of preparation for launch, it poses a very serious threat to all potential adversaries.
What is included in Iskander?
The complex includes the following important elements: a self-propelled installation for it, a machine for transporting and loading shells. In addition, there is a separate complex for the repair and maintenance of all equipment, a headquarters and a special machine for analyzing the information received, as well as training tools for personnel.
Characteristics of the rocket used
The Iskander tactical missile system we are considering uses a solid-fuel rocket with one stage, the warhead of which does not separate in flight. Despite vigorous maneuvering in flight, the projectile can be controlled throughout its entire path by an operator from the command post. The product is particularly maneuverable at launch and when approaching the target, when the rocket is under overloads of 30G. Since missile defense systems must approach it at twice the speed, at present there are simply no effective means of countering the Iskander.
The shell body is made using a special technique that reduces its visibility to enemy air defense systems. In addition, the missile travels most of its way at an altitude of more than 50 km, which also reduces the chances of its timely interception tenfold. Invisibility to radar is ensured by special coatings, the composition of which is classified.
This is precisely what explains the triumph of domestic industry when the Iskander was adopted. A missile system (Kaliningrad and its entirety is already equipped) of this type should soon be received by all military units in the country.
Principles of targeting
The launch of the missile to the target is carried out by the complex operators, after which the most complex homing system comes into play. The equipment scans the terrain in flight, forming a digital model of it. It is constantly compared with the image standard that was loaded into the rocket’s memory before the flight.
The optical homing head is characterized by excellent protection against jamming systems, as well as excellent ability to recognize targets in almost any conditions. This allows you to hit a moving target (with an error of no more than a couple of meters) on a completely moonless night. Such accuracy under such conditions cannot be achieved by any of the missile systems in service with NATO.
This is why they don’t like Iskander there. The missile system in Syria, delivered there in December last year, immediately reduced the intensity of passions and helped the legitimate government oust anti-popular forces from the country. In addition, the Russian side received valuable information about the combat use of the latest missiles.
"Independent" rocket
Despite the fact that under normal conditions the Iskander missile system can be guided by signals from satellites of global positioning systems, in the right conditions its operators can do just fine without them. Electro-optical guidance systems are so accurate that they make it possible to hit targets in almost any given conditions.
By the way, the Iskander homing system, if necessary, can be easily installed even on ballistic nuclear missiles, which makes the prospects of a potential enemy completely gloomy. Because of this, the Russian Iskander missile system has a very sinister reputation in the West, although its characteristics clearly do not reach those of intercontinental nuclear weapons.
Characteristics of the warhead
The designers included the possibility of using ten different types of ammunition at once. These include elements with non-contact detonation, combat elements with cumulative action, cluster ammunition with homing elements, as well as simple high-explosive, fragmentation and incendiary varieties. If a missile with homing elements is used, they will hit multiple targets, exploding at a height of six to ten meters above them.
The projectile itself in firing position weighs almost four tons, and the weight of the warhead itself is 480 kg. Thus, the Iskander-K missile system is one of the most powerful non-nuclear deterrent weapons in service with our army.
Characteristics of other elements
The self-propelled launch system allows you to simultaneously transport up to two missiles, allowing you to launch them at an angle of up to 90 degrees relative to the terrain. It is located on a wheeled chassis with an 8x8 formula, which can even pass through places where there are no roads at all (MAZ-79306 “Astrologer”). Among other things, this ensures the maximum possible mobility of the complex even in wartime.
Some characteristics of control and guidance equipment
The installation can independently determine the coordinates of its location, exchange information with all elements of the Iskander, and provide single and salvo missile launches. The time from arrival to salvo is no more than 20 minutes, provided the crew is prepared, and no more than one minute elapses between shell launches. This makes the Iskander missile system, whose characteristics are already impressive, a very dangerous means of attack.
There is no need to prepare starting positions. In addition, the crew does not need to leave the cockpit: having received the order, the specialists stop the Iskander in a given square, prepare all systems and fire a salvo. The only exception is swampy areas, where it is necessary to prepare a more or less stable launch pad. After the launch, the vehicle moves to pre-designated positions for recharging.
Thus, Iskander-M is a new generation missile system that provides reliable protection of state sovereignty.
Information about the chassis and other vehicles
The chassis weight is 42 tons, the weight of the transported payload is at least 19 tons, and on highways and paved country roads the speed is 70 (40) km/h. At one gas station, the Iskander can travel at least 1000 km. The usual crew size is three people, but in wartime their number can be increased.
The vehicle for transportation and loading is also mounted on the MAZ-79306 (“Astrologer”) chassis. Equipped with a hydromechanical loading mechanism. The mass is exactly 40 tons; maintenance will require two people.
Headquarters complex
The heart of the entire complex is the command and staff vehicle. It is produced on the basis of KAMAZ vehicles. Information exchange between all elements of the Iskander can be carried out both in normal and deeply encrypted mode. In the latter case, the speed of information exchange does not suffer in any way.
The headquarters complex is equipped with four fully automated positions for operators; the maximum range of data transmission between vehicles is 350 kilometers for parked vehicles and 50 kilometers in combat march conditions. The continuous operation time of all elements of the guidance and control system is about two days.
Mechanical Maintenance Machine
As in the previous case, it is based on the chassis of KamAZ vehicles. Designed to check the condition of missiles both in the launcher itself and in transport containers, it allows you to check and repair all the devices and mechanisms of the complex without resorting to transporting it to the place of permanent deployment. The machine weighs only 13.5 tons, deploys in less than 20 minutes, and the time to check all systems and mechanisms does not exceed 18 minutes. The complex is serviced by two people.
In general, the Iskander missile system, the performance characteristics of which we are revealing, is distinguished by its rare maintainability even in the most extreme conditions.
Information collection, analysis and preparation point
This machine is used to collect and analyze information that is intended to be entered into the on-board computer of missiles. The structure includes two automated workstations for operators who can detect and transmit the coordinates of attacked targets in one to two minutes. Can carry out continuous combat duty for 16 hours.
Finally, the life support machine. It can be made on the chassis of any commercially produced truck and serves for resting and eating for up to eight people at the same time.
Key features of the complex
Its main advantage is how and by whom Iskander-M was created. designed by outstanding designers based on all the data accumulated by the Soviet and Russian armies. At the moment, it significantly surpasses not only all previous domestic developments, but also all competing foreign models.
In general, the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system has a number of key features:
- Incredibly accurate destruction of even small and well-protected targets from the air.
- Its stealth and rapid deployment make it an extremely dangerous adversary.
- The combat mission can be effectively carried out even in the face of active enemy opposition.
- Excellent tactical maneuverability and cross-country ability, ensured by the high characteristics of the transport chassis.
- The highest degree of automation of all combat processes.
- Long service life and ease of even field repairs.
In addition, the Iskander operational-tactical missile system fully meets all the requirements imposed by international treaties on the non-proliferation of certain types of weapons. In local conflicts it can be considered as a deterrent weapon, and for countries with a small territory it can even be the main type of missile weapons. The structure of the complex suggests the possibility of further modification, which guarantees the Iskander long service in guarding state interests.
Other positives
The control and guidance system is deeply integrated with similar equipment of all similar complexes that are in service with the state. It can receive information not only from a data collection and processing machine, but also from a reconnaissance aircraft, UAV or other equipment. The flight mission is calculated almost instantly. The command for a combat launch can be given not only by the commander of the complex, but also by the high military command from closed positions.
Since one Iskander carries two missiles on board, and not even two minutes pass between their salvos, the power of a division fully equipped with these complexes is comparable to that of a small country. In principle, with the correct choice of ammunition, this type of weapon is quite equivalent to a short-range nuclear weapon.
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