Invented by the great aircraft engine designer
After passenger and cargo ships began to sail along the Moscow-Volga Canal, river Moscow began to be called with pathos the “port of five seas.” From Khimki it became possible to sail to Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan... For the new port, architects Rukhlyadev and Krinsky built the Northern River Station in 1937 on the bank of the Khimki reservoir. Its image resembles a multi-deck river ship with a captain's bridge and a mast under a star.
In the squares and streets of Moscow in the pre-war years, former employees of the First State Workshop of Ivan Zholtovsky distinguished themselves with outstanding structures. Shchusev became famous for the Lenin Mausoleum and the Moscow Hotel, Melnikov for the sarcophagus for the Mausoleum, the club in Sokolniki, and the garage, which recently became the Jewish Museum.
River Station.
Krinsky and Rukhlyadev did not get a place in the city center; they worked far away from it, near the Moscow River and the Moscow-Volga Canal. The Northern River Station, like the Moscow Hotel and the stations of the first metro lines, became an architectural symbol of socialist Moscow. Against the backdrop of the station, decorated with a panel with a view of the Palace of the Soviets under construction, the musical comedy "Volga-Volga", which thundered before the war, was filmed with songs by Isaac Dunaevsky and Lyubov Orlova in the title role. The picture proved with every frame Stalin’s formula, which he derived from the rostrum in the Kremlin: “Life has become better, life has become more fun!”
A spire with a star rose on the tower above the station. A little earlier, he crowned the Spasskaya Tower, after the double-headed eagles were removed from it and all the Kremlin towers. The stars were encrusted with Ural gems, but they were difficult to see at night. Therefore, the stars with gems were replaced with ruby stars, which are still shining today, despite the desire of zealous radicals to replace these symbols of the USSR with double-headed eagles, symbols of autocracy and, at the same time, free Russia.
A clock taken from the bell tower of the Ascension Cathedral in Volokolamsk was installed on the tower. I went up to the clock, saw a frozen ancient mechanism and a numb bell with an inscription that it was cast in Moscow at the famous Finlyandsky factory. Intended for the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. When the cathedral was blown up, the bell was preserved, not melted, taken to Khimki and combined with the clock, turning it into a chime that sounded, as it should, every quarter of an hour. The spire had a mechanism that rose and fell to signify the beginning and end of navigation. There is hope that during the upcoming restoration of the architectural monument, the chimes will play again, as before, and the spire will regain its lost mobility.
In addition to the River Station, which brought fame to the architects, Krinsky and Rukhlyadev built control towers for locks No. 7 and No. 8 of the canal, which was named after Moscow. They artistically conceptualized the Volokolamsk Highway tunnel under the canal bed and the railway bridge across the canal. In the city, the lobby of the Komsomolskaya metro station in the Kazansky railway station building reminds of them.
Airplane ANT-25.
After well-deserved success, Vladimir Fedorovich Krinsky lived for 35 years; he died in 1971. At that time, Moscow was built up with standard residential buildings, standard cinemas, standard schools and clinics, and there was no place for him in such primitive architecture.
Local historian Viktor Vasilyevich Sorokin wrote that on Petrovka, 26, aircraft designer Alexander Mikulin lived in apartment No. 325. He stayed here until 1943, at the zenith of his glory, when he moved from here to a new multi-storey building on Gorky Street, where order bearers and Stalin Prize laureates, factory directors, military leaders, academicians and people's artists received free apartments.
I once visited Academician Mikulin’s apartment when he left, apparently after another divorce, a house on Gorky Street and lived in Khamovniki as a personal pensioner. But during his well-deserved retirement, the former aircraft designer did not rest, he worked constantly and knew that he had a future quite comparable with the past, as interesting and necessary as airplanes needed his engines.
Alexander Mikulin devoted his life to aircraft engines and succeeded in this matter like few others. The Moscow Encyclopedia calls him “the founder of the domestic aircraft engine industry.” Before the war, he was awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor number three in the Kremlin. When the Patriotic War was going on, in 1941, 1942, 1943 and after the victory, in 1946, they were awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree. Tupolev bombers, the legendary Il-2, Ilyushin’s “flying tanks”, Mikoyan and Gurevich MiG fighters flew and beat the enemy with Mikulin engines.
Overstrain during the war made itself felt at fifty years old. Then, for the first time in his life, finding himself in a hospital bed, the academician felt the inexorable approach of old age and illness. He, as a design engineer, passionately wanted to know why people become decrepit and what needs to be done to postpone the inevitable, to feel like a full-fledged person in the decline of life.
For a long time now, before my eyes there has been a dining table in the middle of the room with dishes and a scarlet watermelon cut in half. It seemed that this was the home of a lonely, cheerful bachelor with the bald, handsome skull of a thinker. Besides the fact that Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin is an “academician and hero,” I, a novice reporter, knew little about him. What was interesting was not his past involvement in secret affairs, his closeness to the country's top officials, in a word, his glorious past, but what he did after his forced, high-profile retirement at the age of 60, causing ridicule from his colleagues by invading the alien sphere of medicine.
At that time, all Soviet reporters, including me, did not cultivate the desire to find out the secrets of their personal lives from their heroes, or to write about scandals, as has become fashionable now. An intimate part of Mikulin’s biography was accidentally discovered in a hospital room by his bedmate Alexander Bek, the author of “Volokolamsk Highway,” a classic story about the war.
The writer did not forget anything that was said to him in confidence. Based on that confession and other materials, he composed a novel called “Talent. From the life of Berezhkov." Beck knew that Mikulin married actresses three times. I knew the thought of my roommate that the older a man gets, the younger his wife should be. But the prototype did not want to be recognized as the hero of the novel. Mikulin rejected the writer’s work and used all his influence, which had weakened by that time, so that the novel would not be published. He failed; “Talent” appeared in a thick magazine. I had to quarrel with the editors and complain to the Central Committee, where Mikulin knew the route well in the recent past.
The academician didn’t talk to me about anything like that, because I wasn’t worried about the marriage formula, but about the “health machine” he invented, which I accidentally found out about. With the permission of the inventor, I sat down on a movable seat with a lever. He grabbed the handrails and made several movements back and forth, reminiscent of rowing a boat. Mikulin, as he told me, made a batch of such simulators from good wood and metal at his aircraft engine plant No. 300 and presented “health machines” to members of the Politburo with wishes for longevity. They were not on sale at that time.
The composition of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee changed dramatically after Stalin's death. His closest associates, who had known Mikulin for a long time through business and awards, lost immense power. The former secretary of the Central Committee, Malenkov, who was considered the leader’s successor, oversaw aviation. Molotov, heading the government of the USSR before the war, led meetings of the State Defense Committee - GKO, where the fate of new weapons was decided, and until the end of his days he did not forget Mikulin’s daring speeches, when, regardless of their faces, the designer scolded academicians and plant managers: “He even criticized party organizations ! No one allowed themselves to do this in the GKO meeting room in the Kremlin. Those who spoke in response called the non-party Mikulin “a tyrant who doesn’t understand a damn thing, but demands everything for himself...”
And after everyone, he will speak out and put everyone on his back again,” the former USSR Prime Minister concluded the story about Mikulin. The “tyrant” was tolerated in the Kremlin because they knew that the best engines were Mikulin’s. If airplanes in the Soviet Union began to fly farthest, highest and fastest before the Patriotic War, then this was due not only to the great aircraft designers, but also to the designer of the world’s best aircraft engines, who surprised Europe and America with long-distance “Stalinist” flights.
Creators of the AM-34 engine.
Mikulin could come to an appointment with “Comrade Stalin” and start talking about, it would seem, some small detail, say that aviation will perish if we do not make valves with sodium salts: “Comrade Stalin, you are a genius in politics, but for technology, rely on me.” And everyone heard the answer: “If Comrade Mikulin asks to make diamond valves and this will benefit our aviation, we will make diamond valves.”
Due to his maternal kinship, Mikulin was the favorite nephew of the “father of Russian aviation,” Professor Nikolai Zhukovsky. According to his notes, when his strength left him, he instructed Alexander, who did not have the right to do so, to give lectures to students of the Moscow Higher Technical School. But the nephew did not dream of becoming a professor like his uncle. He did what he was passionate about and could not live without. He was engaged in dressage of Oryol trotters, participated in horse racing at the hippodrome, switched from a horse to a motorcycle and became interested in motorcycle racing, and participated in the design of the first Soviet passenger car NAMI-01. Only then did I find myself.
“When “whatnots” were still flying in our skies, Nikolai Evgrafovich told me that aviation would develop due to engines. Probably, here we need to look for the origins of the business that I serve,” said Mikulin. (In this regard, he acted in the same way as at the dawn of astronautics, the engineer who became the general designer of rocket engines, academician Valentin Glushko. Our satellites and spaceships flew into space on his engines. From a young age until the end of his life, Glushko was engaged in the design of engines, and not the missiles about which I heard from him: “Tanks are tanks!”.)
An engineer without a higher education became a designer of the engines of the ANT-25 aircraft, on which Chkalov and then Gromov surprised the world by flying non-stop from Moscow through the North Pole to America. The engines designed by Alexander Mikulin were designated by his initials “AM” before the serial number. In 1943, Mikulin was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, bypassing the degree of corresponding member, awarded the rank of major general of the engineering and technical service, appointed general designer of aircraft engines and chief designer of plant number 300. (The plant disappeared before our eyes, in 2001 year, the empty workshops were sold to a businessman.)
The academician joined the party late - at the age of 59, at the peak of his career, having everything one could dream of: a chest covered in orders and gold medals, the rank of general, an enviable position, membership in the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Tu-104, the world's first passenger aircraft with a Mikulin jet engine, flew over the ground. But suddenly his star set due to circumstances that were not fully understood, when the curator of aviation, Politburo member Georgy Malenkov, who was sent into exile to manage a provincial power plant, fell in a struggle for power with Khrushchev. Then, obviously, the “tyrant” got revenge for his impudent statements in the Kremlin.
The doors of the aircraft engine plant and design bureau he created were closed before the general designer. After his resignation, the disgraced academician lived for another 30 years without orders, medals, or high positions, but with a sense of duty performed. When he was 80, he said that he felt better than at 50. They believed him because they saw in front of them a man who knew no peace. He became “his own doctor”, the author of the book “Active Longevity. My system for fighting old age." The book was published several times. Its text hangs on the Internet, where it ended up without the knowledge of the author’s heirs.
Before writing the book, Mikulin studied anatomy and delved into physiology, as before in engine building. I read what Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Leonardo da Vinci wrote about. To obtain permission from the USSR Ministry of Health to publish the book, the academician, as they write about him, entered a medical institute, received a diploma with honors, and defended his Ph.D. thesis based on the book. Earlier, Mikulin was awarded a diploma with honors at the anniversary by the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy, where, without having a higher education, he lectured.
To “shake yourself up from fatigue” in the morning, Mikulin recommends a simple method. I’ll quote it in full: “Rise on your toes so that your heels lift off the floor by 1 centimeter, no more or less, and immediately drop sharply onto your heels, but this must be done so that the blows do not reverberate in your head.”
In the preface to his book, Mikulin cited the titles of two works that amazed him. One called “Anatomy.” Notes and drawings" belongs to Leonardo da Vinci. Another, entitled “Biorhythms and the Biosphere,” was published in Moscow by Doctor of Technical Sciences G.A. Sergeev. I saw him in Leningrad in the uniform of a captain of the first rank - an engineer. Gennady Aleksandrovich served in the navy and designed certain, as he told me, “sensors” of high sensitivity that submariners needed. With them, at the behest of his soul, he investigated the telekinesis of Ninel Kulagina and was the first to defend her from the attacks of ignoramuses who declared that she rotated the compass needle “with a magnet hidden under her clothes,” and moved objects without touching her hands with “the thinnest threads” visible on film.
One such burning “thread” got into Sergeev’s eye during the experiment. I met him in Moscow, where he had moved blind in that eye. One thing consoled and pleased Sergeev - he managed to discover an unknown effect of the brain, radiation recorded by his sensors.
In the house on Petrovka, 26, before the war, Alexander Mikulin had a son, who was named in honor of his father and grandfather. In his youth, Mikulin Jr. rode a bicycle around the track and earned the title of Master of Sports. Like his father, he sat on a motorcycle, entered the Automotive Institute, studied four courses and, without completing his engineering degree, began acting in crowd scenes. When actor Evgeny Urbansky died during the filming of the film “Director,” the master of sports was asked to duplicate the main character. Mikulin Jr. found himself in cinema as a desperate stuntman and inventor of machine devices for filming. He starred in about 70 films. As they write about him, “until the mid-80s, all stunt filming using equipment took place under his leadership.”
The centenary of Academician Mikulin in 1995 was not celebrated in Russia on a state scale, perhaps because during the “hard years” in the country other famous people became heroes in the state. “No tales will be told about them, no songs will be sung about them.” Heroes such as Academician Mikulin deserve eternal memory. In Moscow, on our empty squares, there is no monument either to him or to aircraft designers Tupolev, Ilyushin, Yakovlev, Admiral Kuznetsov, Marshals Vasilevsky, Rokossovsky, Konev, to whom we owe the Victory.
...And as for the “health machine” donated by the inventor to members of the Politburo (inventor’s certificate No. 65930), I got exactly the same machine with serial number 138 thirty years ago. On it, perfectly preserved, I sometimes row, depending on the mood, and follow Mikulin into longevity.
Many years ago, the Soviet medical community was quite embarrassed by the unexpected popularity of the health system of Academician Mikulin. This embarrassment is quite understandable, since in those days the slightest deviation from the accepted norm seemed absolutely unacceptable. And it’s not so much about censorship, which may or may not have banned something, but about ideological lackeys, faithful dogs of the system, vigilantly monitoring the purity of ideas. Now I find it hard to believe that even such an innocent thing as promoting health-improving jogging initially looked like dissidence. The massive passion for running in America was considered not an argument for running, but a counter-argument.
"Active longevity"
Nevertheless, Mikulin published the book “Active Longevity” in 1977, which had the subtitle “My system for fighting old age.” He pushed through it with powerful pressure, came to the publishing house wearing medals, threatened that he would go to complain to the Kremlin, that he would destroy everyone here, trumped up the names of academicians, and organized calls. In short, he didn't act very nicely.
But otherwise he would have achieved absolutely nothing, because the content of his book did not correspond to the established customary norms, which boiled down to recommendations to do exercises in the morning (“five minutes of health”), wash your hands before eating (“cleanliness is the key to health”), and open the window (“sun, air and water are our best friends”), And through these vulgar, irritating slogans, human words, living thoughts, controversial ideas break through.
The inertia of thinking is such that even many serious experts were quite skeptical about Mikulin’s story about his system of fighting old age. Indeed, vibration gymnastics, separate meals, fasting days, running, ionization, grounding, dumbbell gymnastics, volitional gymnastics - all this was unusual for specialists and therefore doubtful. Unfortunately, Mikulin’s recommendations never became the subject of scientific research. So far, the effectiveness of these recommendations has been confirmed only by Mikulin’s numerous followers and his own experience.
Indeed, doesn’t his own active longevity prove the effectiveness of the system? Of course, modern science has different criteria for reliability, but you and I are guided not only by scientifically and statistically based calculations, but also by everyday logic and obvious realities. Isn’t Mikulin’s ninety-year stormy life a reality? Isn’t it true that, having already looked death in the face, he, with the help of his strange methods, managed to almost double his life?
Motor of the century
Mikulin is used to the fact that his proposals are initially met with hostility. This was the case in the main work of his life - the creation of aircraft engines. There were also authorities there who initially rejected Mikulin’s ideas, which looked absurd only because they were completely new and did not resemble standard models. At first they also laughed at the idea of an armored attack aircraft, the Il-2. “No engine,” they said, “can lift this flying tank.”
Then the famous G.F. Baidukov recalled: “At the front, we were in love with this wonderful aircraft. The survivability of the machine amazed everyone: half of the stabilizer was missing, the planes were broken, only rags were hanging, but it still flies and lands on its own territory. Exceptionally strength of armor and reliability of the engine; in terms of simplicity of design, no other aircraft could compare with it."
Regarding this attack aircraft, military historians from different countries share a common point of view: the IL-2 proved to be the best attack aircraft of the Second World War. No other aircraft was so effective in the fight against tanks, motorized infantry and defensive structures. Our industry produced over 40 thousand Ilovs during the war years - more than any other brand of aircraft. These great cars played a huge role in our victory.
A.I. Shakhurin, who during the war was the People's Commissar of the aviation industry, wrote: “German aircraft designers tried to build an aircraft similar to our attack aircraft. To do this, they carefully studied the damaged Soviet aircraft that came to them. However, nothing came of this plan. The Nazis did not have either a suitable design or the required engine."
The designer of the AM-38 engine installed on the Ilyushin attack aircraft was Alexander Aleksandrovich Mikulin.
The name of this man is forever merged with the history of Soviet aviation. In the pre-war years, its AM-34 engine was installed on the light Polikarpov R-5 bomber and heavy Tupolev TB-3 bombers. Eight modernized Mikulin M-34R engines lifted the Maxim Gorky aircraft, the largest for that time, into the sky. On this plane there was a buffet, a film installation, a newspaper was printed and a loud-speaking station “Voice of the Sky” was located. The same engine was installed on the Tupolev ANT-25 aircraft. The crews of V.P. Chkalov and M.M. Gromov made their unprecedented flights along the route Moscow - North Pole - America on this single-engine machine.
Yes, the plane was single-engine, but there was no doubt about the success of the flight, because the reliability of Mikulin’s engines was always one hundred percent. During the war, PE-8 bombers powered by Mikulin AM-35A engines bombed Berlin, and MiG-3 high-altitude fighters powered by the same engines covered the skies of Moscow. And in the post-war years, Mikulin’s design bureau decisively switched to creating jet engines. Mikulin equipped them with the MiG-19 and MiG-21 fighters, the Yak-25 interceptor and, finally, the famous Tu-104 passenger airliner.
A. A. Mikulin received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor among the first 12 awarded. He was awarded the title of State Prize laureate four times. Mikulin knew how not only to create new things, but also to improve what was already in place. The engine power for the Il-2 was increased threefold during the pre-war and war years. Needless to say, how intense the designer’s work turned out to be. It was impossible to withstand a continuous chain of overloads.
In 1947, A. A. Mikulin had his first heart attack. A difficult period of consultations, hospitals, and sanatoriums began. In 1955, he was forced to leave the aviation industry and concentrate on work at the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Mikulin system
Around the same time, Alexander Alexandrovich began to actively study the physiological basis of the fight against aging of the body. Of course, he studied all the basic literature. But he didn’t stop there. In special laboratories, he studied the structure and functioning of our organs and systems and conducted experiments on animals. Of course, he looked at his small and large discoveries and discoveries through the eyes of a man who had been constructing motors all his life.
It must be admitted that from this angle no one before Mikulin studied the capabilities of our body. This approach is natural only for a person who constantly thinks about increasing the efficiency of various mechanisms, the most economical way to transform energy, reliability and improving designs. He analyzed muscle function the way he might have studied an engine designed by a talented colleague. He gave his assessments in a businesslike and restrained manner: “According to the scheme outlined here, the muscular apparatus is a kind of molecular biochemical electric motor of a very high efficiency.”
In “Active Longevity” Mikulin gives the routine of his usual day:
“The alarm clock rings at 7 am. I wake up. I remove the grounding from my legs and turn on the room ionizer.
I stretch and, lying in bed on my back, begin breathing exercises. Take a deep breath, strive to direct the diaphragm to the lower abdomen, hold for 3 seconds and intermittently exhale through pursed lips in 8-10 portions. I do 10 such exercises, each for 6 seconds, the total time is 1 minute.
Then, continuing to lie on my back, I do an exercise called “bicycle”. Hands under hips. The legs are raised up and make movements like when riding a bicycle. 20 rotations with each leg. Then the legs straighten, describe the widest possible circles 3 times and again “bicycle” - 20 times. And so - 3 cycles. Each cycle is 25 seconds, the entire exercise is 2 minutes.
Getting out of bed, I begin gymnastics with two-kilogram dumbbells. First, exercises for the arms, then squats, bends, turns - just 5 minutes.
After gymnastics, I move on to exercises on the “health machine”, doing three cycles of 15 full movements of the body back and forth. After each cycle - rest with deep breathing (inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth), each cycle - 2 minutes, and a total of 6 minutes.
Then I turn off the ionizer
I put on a training suit and run along the alley and boulevard for 3 kilometers, interspersed with brisk steps every 5 minutes, stepping firmly on the entire foot with an advantage on the heel. After the start of the “second breath”, inhale - four steps, exhale - four steps. To cleanse my lungs, I take a deep breath after every 25-30 steps. (If the weather is very bad outside, I jog in place or along the corridor back and forth for 5 steps - 10 minutes).
Then I do vibration gymnastics (sixty concussions - raising one centimeter on the toes and hitting the floor with the heels in the doorway). This takes 2 minutes.
If there was no sweating during exercise, then I proceed to a “room bath” in the bathroom - 5 minutes, then a shower - 1 minute, first warm, then cool. Total 6 minutes. If I don’t have time to shower, I definitely wipe my body with a furry mitten. Water at room temperature.
I have breakfast mostly with oatmeal. During breakfast I turn on my ionizer again.
At work or at home during the day, I am busy mainly with mental work. To rest the brain cells, I try to get distracted for 5 minutes every 1.5-2 hours and do vibration exercises, two cycles of 30 concussions. This method dramatically reduces fatigue.
I try to walk every day at a brisk, brisk pace for at least 2-3 kilometers. To relax my brain, I don’t work in the evening, but read fiction - 1 hour. Before bed, take a 10-15 minute walk at a brisk pace. I fall asleep at 23 o'clock.
To acquire work activity, I consider it quite sufficient to spend about an hour and a half a day on your health, which is only 8% of the number of waking hours per day. Every person who has mastered such a regime at any age (which does not present any difficulties) can be proud of his willpower. Try it."
This text is somewhat different from the usual recommendations, which requires some explanation.
Explanations for the system
- Grounding. The globe, as is known, has a large negative electrical charge. The ionosphere, which surrounds the Earth at a great distance, consists of positively charged ions. There is an electric field between the Earth and the ionosphere, in which all living things, including humans, are adapted to life. But due to modern technical household appliances (shoes, asphalt, linoleum, etc.), we have isolated ourselves from the negative charge of the Earth, which leads to the accumulation of excess positive charges in the human body. According to some scientists, this contributes to weakening of the body and disease. A. Mikulin sees a way out in grounding, that is, in connecting a person to conductive systems. In practice, he does this by attaching a metal wire with one end to the heating radiator, and connecting the other to his leg before going to bed.
- Ionizer. The healing air of mountain and sea resorts is explained by the presence in it of an optimal amount of light negatively charged ions. Mikulin designed a room ionizer, which at one time was produced for mass use. The device provided a healing microclimate in the apartment.
- Volitional gymnastics. This is a way to work out muscles without sports equipment and weights. Great tension in various muscles follows through volitional efforts.
- "Health Machine" This is a simulator designed by Mikulin. Work on it includes all major muscle groups. Its design resembles a rowing machine. For a long time, Mikulin’s “health machine” was produced by our industry. When I visited Alexander Alexandrovich at home, at first I did not notice this exercise machine, because it was made so that in normal times it could be conveniently placed under the bed.
- Vibration gymnastics. Mikulin believes that one of the reasons for the “clogging” of the body with under-oxidized decay products and associated diseases is poor “pumping” of blood vessels. To eliminate this flaw, he recommends vibration gymnastics - rhythmic, once per second, tapping the heel on the floor. This, in his opinion, helps to activate blood flow and cleanse the body of toxins.
It must be said that none of these inventions contradicts the scientific canons of human physiology, and the effect, using the example of Mikulin and his followers, is excellent.
Failed meetings
At the age of 50, Mikulin died of heart attacks. He was so revived by his system that at the age of 90 he carried out his exercise program and developed an environmentally friendly car engine.
In his declining years, he underwent severe abdominal surgery and recovered well, but when he unexpectedly needed urgent medical care, there was none...
I met and talked with Alexander Alexandrovich many times shortly before his death. By then he had lost some ground. But this was not due to decrepitude, but to a not very successful operation for prostate adenoma. It is quite possible that this operation was not necessary at all; they could probably have done without it. But they cut, as they say, with a backhand; they removed the catheter and now a healthy, active man of indomitable character walks around with a tube sticking out of his stomach, spewing God knows what. Of course, he is sad: you can’t run, you can’t exercise.
This is how Mikulin became a victim of contact with insolvent medicine. The second rendezvous with her turned out to be fatal. More precisely, it was fatal that the rendezvous did not take place: the ambulance did not arrive on time...
Last meetings
Remembering the reproaches against Mikulin, I asked him whether he considered his system universal, designed to help every person. “No,” he objected. “I developed a system for combating old age, based on my own physical and mental characteristics. It is intended for me. In the book “Active Longevity” I only shared my thoughts and my experience. I do not impose my recommendations on anyone was going to. But judging by the thousands of letters I received after the book was published, my advice did not harm anyone."
“No one was harmed” - this is said very modestly, as evidenced, in particular, by a letter from Gorky resident L.N. Kuznetsova: “I have the book “Active Longevity” on my desk. Thanks to the healing system outlined in it, I live without getting sick. Experience A. A. Mikulina helped many people gain health."
And yet, on the last page of Mikulin’s book it is written: “It would be useful to subject the scheme I propose to analysis, scientific criticism and improvement.” Alas, 17 years have passed, and there is still no real scientific analysis.
I asked Alexander Alexandrovich to what extent he adapted the described system to his current situation. Until the age of 85, he ran regularly, covering approximately 3 kilometers in 20 minutes. After the operation, there was no talk of running or training on the “health machine”. He also had to give up his beloved tennis.
When we met, he was doing quite strenuous exercises every morning lying, sitting and standing. Alexander Alexandrovich asked to feel his biceps. The impression is this: the hand of a well-trained 45-year-old guy.
Vibration gymnastics remained without any changes compared to younger years. As before, he performed several 30-second bursts of this simple exercise throughout the day.
He formulated his nutritional rules in the book “Active Longevity” as follows:
“First: do not sit down at the table until you feel very hungry. On this issue, I do not agree with those who recommend regular meals by the hour, regardless of whether the stomach is full of undigested food or empty.
Second: the entire meal must be mentally divided into three phases. The first phase is the satisfaction of strong hunger, the second phase is satiation. I get up from the table when I can eat just as much more with no less appetite. There is also a third phase - “gluttony,” when, after being full, you eat up what’s left tasty on the plate, or when relatives beg you to eat another piece. A healthy person who does not do physical work should completely exclude this phase from everyday life.”
Valentina Stepanovna, Mikulin’s wife, complained to me: “In the morning he eats exactly three spoons of porridge. If I put not three, but five spoons, he gets terribly angry: leaving it is not good, and overeating is even worse. He ate a little cottage cheese or one egg, a piece of lean meat, loves dairy products, honey. He hardly eats bread." Alexander Alexandrovich believed that you should take at least 1 gram of vitamin C per day.
Young though old
It has long been observed that people who live busy, creative lives do not attach too much importance to food. It’s just about them that they say: “I forgot to eat.” But for many people, food is a kind of compensation for difficult stressful situations. At work there is hassle, in transport there is crampedness and rush, at home there are problems of its own. But you sit down at the table and you get nothing but positive emotions. It’s so tempting that you want to chew it while reading or watching TV. Such a person will not forget about food. But this unnatural eating style takes revenge on him cruelly and mercilessly. He takes revenge with heavy extra pounds, which make it difficult to even breathe, with a repulsive appearance, and with chronic diseases. No fat man has ever been seen among long-livers...
And for people like Mikulin or Amosov, even with a very good appetite, food is on the periphery of attention. The head is occupied with other things, and pleasure is brought not by taste sensations, but by solving creative problems and conflicts in the spiritual sphere.
Mikulin had a lot to think about. Shortly before his death, he designed a high-power hydroionizer. Mikulin invented his first ionizer when he became convinced of the enormous importance that negatively charged air ions have for the body. It is the saturation of the air with the optimal amount of negative ions that explains the healing properties of mountain and sea resorts. Alexander Alexandrovich decided that such a resort could be created in a Moscow apartment. It is estimated that Kislovodsk contains 1,300 negative ions per cubic centimeter of air, Sochi - 880, Yalta - 700, and on the streets of industrial cities - only 100-200. There are even fewer negatively charged particles in the air of our apartments: 40-50 per cubic centimeter. The Mikulin device saturated the air of the room with a thousand ions per cubic centimeter. This air is as healing as the air of the famous Swiss mountain resort of Davos. The Mikulinsky device was produced by the Serpukhov plant for some time and was widely sold. It was called “Mikulin Ionizer”. I saw a new ionizer on Alexander Alexandrovich’s desk; it worked on ordinary tap water and generated eight times more ions than the previous one. Mikulin turned it on twice a day for 10-15 minutes.
Is such a short exposure enough for you? - I asked.
In response, Alexander Alexandrovich took off his glasses and said: “Look carefully, do I have wrinkles?” You know, I was amazed. Indeed, even the eyes do not have a single wrinkle. The skin is like a child's - soft and smooth. Of course, it is clear that Mikulin is not a young man at all. But his skin is amazing. As, indeed, with Valentina Stepanovna. But I think that such a powerful flow of negatively charged particles has a rejuvenating effect not only on the skin.
Mikulin has extensive experience in implementing his inventions. However, he had so many problems with the first ionizer that he told me with some shudder about the countless paper barriers he had to overcome. Before offering his first ionizer for industrial production, Alexander Alexandrovich, with the help of craftsmen, produced 150 prototypes. It is not difficult to imagine that this cost him a lot of money. He distributed all 150 ionizers free of charge to those suffering from various diseases. Then he bought his ionizers in the store and again could not resist the requests. In former times, he donated his bonuses to the state... I am talking about this so that the reader will pay attention to the selflessness of this man. It is in the same category as a calm attitude towards food. Mikulin is primarily concerned with creative issues. And this, as we see, helps maintain health.
No matter what Mikulin invented, I didn’t notice any cunning devices in his apartment, self-igniting light bulbs, self-closing doors. Everything is like everyone else. Only his own ionizer, his own grounding system, which he constantly used, and the famous “health machine”. Just what you need to improve your health. He did not waste his time on unnecessary subjects.
Cardiologists say that a person is only as old as his arteries. Rheumatologists believe that a person’s true age is determined by the mobility of his joints. But there is another point of view - we begin to grow old when we curtail various aspects of our functioning: we try less than before to work, move, laugh less, love, admire, and be surprised. Youth fades not with age, but with the loss of emotional tone. Probably, with age, we should move more than before, and laugh, and create, and plan. Those emotions and those functions that are not realized die away. By the way, about planning. A person's assessment of his age is a kind of scale. On one bowl is the past, on the other is the future, what he is going to do. If a person is full of ideas, plans and hopes, then, regardless of age, mentally he is much younger than his years.
A.A. Mikulin was one of the first Soviet designers who created aircraft engines suitable for mass use that withstood the test of long-distance flights and war.
Alexander Mikulin was born on February 2, 1895 in Vladimir. Mikulin's father - also Alexander Alexandrovich - was a mechanical engineer who graduated from the Imperial Moscow Technical School (Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School, now MSTU). Subsequently, he worked in Vladimir as a factory inspector.
Mikulin's mother, Vera Egorovna, was the sister of Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky. Alexander Mikulin Jr. spent his childhood in Zhukovsky’s estate and was brought up under his influence. Alexander's passion for design manifested itself in early childhood. So, he decided to lift buckets of water from a well using a steam turbine he designed and built. When tested under light load, the turbine operated normally. However, when trying to boost the turbine by “giving in steam,” the designer failed: the boiler exploded. The inventor himself suffered a little. This was the first acquaintance in his life with a turbine engine.
Even as a child, Alexander mastered the German and French languages well. Subsequently, this came in handy: in Kyiv, Mikulin entered the Catherine Real School, where teaching was conducted mainly in German.
From his youth he was involved in flying airplanes.
In general, he studied well, but without much diligence. The exception was physics. Young Mikulin loved to tinker, giving vent to his passion for design. Quite by chance, he met the German Schreiber, who worked under a contract as a driver and mechanic of a private Daimler-Benz car. Thanks to this acquaintance, Alexander became seriously interested in studying a car engine, helped rebuild it, and learned to drive a car. From that moment on, Mikulin was captivated by the idea of creating a motor of his own design. He began sketching out various options for internal combustion engines, as well as steam turbines. One of his original ideas turned out to be related to the design of the Wankel engine that appeared later.
Alexander even began the practical construction of an internal combustion engine in the school’s physics laboratory. However, at the same time, he violated the rules established at the school, and it was not possible to complete the creation of the motor: it all ended in a scandal.
As a student, Alexander listened to lectures by N.E. Zhukovsky and was familiar with the novice designer I.I. Sikorsky.
In the spring of 1914, Mikulin successfully passed the exams for the second year and received permission to transfer to the ITU. Soon he moved to Moscow, settling in Zhukovsky’s apartment. In Moscow, student Mikulin actively participated in the work of Professor Zhukovsky’s aeronautical circle.
Even then, among equal members of the circle, Mikulin stood out for his extraordinary design talent. He was an excellent drawer, and his sketches of the original layouts of various mechanisms were distinguished by exceptionally accurate graphics and completeness of technical solutions. Alexander proposed a number of design improvements for the laboratory and experimental equipment used by the circle.
In August 1914, the First World War began. Soon N.E. Zhukovsky, considered the most authoritative scientist in the field of aeronautical and hydrodynamics, took the post of head of the inventions department at the Military-Industrial Committee.
Zhukovsky wrote the famous work “Bombing from an Airplane” and announced a competition for the development of aerial bombs. Among others, Mikulin was entrusted with the creation of an incendiary bomb. Tests of a fairly wide range of aerial bombs were carried out at Khodynka. The design developed by Mikulin himself was recognized as the best incendiary bomb. He was awarded an honorary diploma and a prize of one thousand rubles in gold. The latter, however, was recommended to be sacrificed for the needs of the war, which he did.
After the October Revolution, Mikulin worked in the aviation laboratory of the Moscow Higher Technical University, in the committee for inventions, then under the leadership of Professor N.R. Brilinga was a designer who developed snowmobiles at TsAGI.
In 1924, Mikulin was assigned to independently develop a low-power engine for the T-19 wedge. The motor was put into production and released in a small series. It became the second tank engine created by Mikulin. Then low-power engines "Alpha" and "Beta" were designed and built.
In 1926, Mikulin became the chief designer of NAMI aircraft engines. With his participation, the NAMI-100 (M-12) engine with a power of 100 hp was developed, intended for the U-2 training biplane. However, it was not possible to finish the engine on time. Part of the failure can be explained by the death of Mikulin’s father, because all concerns about the family from that moment fell on Alexander’s shoulders. Another, more refined M-11 engine, designed under the direction of A.D., was put into serial production. Shvetsova.
The Soviet air fleet was in dire need of a powerful engine to create effective heavy bombers.
NAMI engine builders were tasked with developing an aircraft engine with a power of 700 hp. Brilling personally led the process of designing the engine, which was named M-13.
The main bet was made on the M-13. The development of the motor drawings was led by Mikulin. The prototypes were expected to be assembled at the M.V. Motor Plant. Frunze, formed by the merger of the Motor and Ikar plants with their subsequent reconstruction. In 1928, the first three experimental M-13 engines arrived for testing at NAMI.
Already the first tests of the new product led to disappointment: the M-13 was able to develop power of no more than 600 hp. Then even bigger troubles began. During operation, the engine began to collapse: the valve plates were torn off the rods and, crushed by the pistons, flew into the manifold. The same thing happened with the second and third prototypes. The failure with the M-13 undermined faith in the possibility of creating a powerful aircraft engine on our own. This point of view was also shared by the new head of NAMI, Zelinsky. But Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin did not intend to retreat. He believed that as a result of developments, including unsuccessful ones, invaluable design experience is accumulated, without which it is impossible to create a working machine.
In 1930, Mikulin began to implement the idea that had matured in him back in 1928: the creation of an engine superior in power to the M-17. At the initial stage, he encountered serious opposition from the leadership of NAMI. Despite this, in May 1930 Mikulin managed to get approval for the engine layout he proposed.
The development of working drawings was completed by July 1930. In October, testing of the experimental unit began, and by August 1931, a run-in and preliminary test of the “full-scale” engine was carried out. From August 2 to November 7, the engine, designated M-34, successfully passed 100-hour state tests and at the beginning of 1932 was transferred to mass production.
The M-34 had outstanding technical data for its time and was superior to the best foreign models. Its rated power was 750 hp, and its takeoff power was 850 hp. with a dry weight of 535 kg.
After state tests of the M-34R engine (A.A. Mikulin. G.F. Ulyanov, L.S. Tatko, V.P. Petrov, A.A. Rosenfeld, etc.)
Simultaneously with the preparation of the M-34 engine for introduction into the series, the development of a gearbox, supercharger, and variable pitch propeller began in order to improve its technical characteristics. In 1931, the design of the geared version of the M-34R was completed, and in parallel, the design of the M-34N engine with a two-speed supercharger was carried out, providing an altitude of 5000 m.
The M-34RN engine, equipped with a gearbox and supercharger, passed state tests in 1934. The director of the Soviet pavilion at the 2nd International Aviation Exhibition, held in 1934 in Copenhagen, noted in his report that visitors to the exhibition showed the greatest interest in the M engine -34РН, which was not inferior to foreign ones in terms of finishing and technical data.
The M-34 engine in various modifications was installed on a number of production aircraft, such as TB-3, R-Z, MDR-2. The world's largest aircraft, the Maxim Gorky, was equipped with the same engines. Of particular note is the use of the M-34 on taxiway aircraft. In 1934, on the RD-1 aircraft, the crew of pilots M.M. Gromov and A.I. Owl, navigator I.T. Spirin made a flight over a distance of 12,411 km along a closed route. The plane was in the air for 75 hours, which was comparable to the service life of the engine. In 1936, the crew of V.P. Chkalova, G.F. Baidukova and A.V. Belyakov on an RD (ANT-25) aircraft with an M-34 engine made a non-stop flight along the route: Shchelkovo - Kamchatka - Udd Island with a length of 9374 km, and in 1937 they also made a flight along the route Shchelkovo - North Pole - Portland (USA) length 8509 km. In the same year, the crew consisting of M.M. Gromova, A.B. Yumashev and S.A. Danilina made a flight along the route Shchelkovo - North Pole - San Jacinto (USA) with a length of 10,148 km. At the same time, a new world record for straight flight distance without landing was set. Flights to America were carried out along completely undeveloped routes, in very difficult weather conditions. Thus, Gromov’s crew encountered three cyclones during the flight. “American” flights became a real triumph for Soviet aviation, its pilots and navigators, the aviation industry and, in particular, the domestic engine industry. At the same time, it was a triumph for Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, the aircraft designer, and a huge success for Mikulin, the engine designer.
In the early 40s, AM-38, AM-38 FN and AM-42 appeared. Reliable engines were produced en masse. Mikulin brought piston engines to perfection.
During the Great Patriotic War, he also led the creation of powerful GAM-35f engines for coastal defense boats.
In 1940, Alexander Alexandrovich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, and in 1943 he was elected academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1944, the aircraft designer was awarded the rank of major general of the engineering and technical service.
In the post-war years, the issue of gas turbine engines was discussed. Mikulin, his deputy for design S.K. Tumansky and deputy for science B.S. Stechkin were tasked with creating an engine with greater thrust. In 1947, the first turbocompressor jet engine TKRD-1 with a thrust of 3780 kilograms of force was designed. Subsequently, more and more powerful engines were created according to his scheme.
Mikulin Design Bureau created powerful engines for jet bombers and passenger aircraft. Among them was the AM-3 and its modifications with a thrust of up to 11,500 kgf. The industry has been producing them since 1952. These engines were installed on Tu-16 bombers, Tu-104 aircraft and long-range bombers. The developed engines were in service for more than 20 years. They were distinguished by reliability, long service life and maintainability.
In the early 50s, on the basis of scientific research at the Mikulin Design Bureau, powerful engines with low specific weight and overall dimensions were developed. One of these engines, the RD-9B, was widely used on fighter aircraft.
Mikulin introduced regulation of heaters with rotary blades, two-speed heaters, high inflation and cooling of air in front of the carburetor, developed the first domestic turbocharger and variable pitch propeller.
The inquisitive mind of the designer turned not only to engines. He became interested in the effect of static electricity on humans and proposed periodically grounding the human body and increasing the humidity in the room using an ionizer, which he himself invented. Perhaps these measures helped the scientist maintain vigor and efficiency for over 80 years.
Alexander Alexandrovich died in 1985 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Here is the exact work schedule of Academician Mikulin - from Mikulin himself. The alarm clock rings at 7 o'clock. I wake up. I remove the grounding from my feet and turn on the room ionizer. I stretch and, lying in bed on my back, begin breathing exercises
Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin lived to be 95 years old. Throughout his life he promoted active longevity. This article introduces the main postulates of Mikulin’s system of active longevity.
Mikulin on artificial aging of the body
In 1978 A.A. Mikulin in the magazine “Physical Culture and Sports” said this: “At work, they sit in their pants for eight hours, and in the evening they add three or four hours of sitting in front of the TV. A person experiences on himself the artificial aging of the body and the development of sclerosis. Without thinking that there may not be a way back from such a disastrous experiment if you don’t come to your senses.” In his work “Anatomy. “Notes and Drawings” by Leonardo da Vinci described the cause of human aging as follows: “Old people living in perfect health die from lack of nutrition. And this happens because their path to the veins of the mesentery is constantly narrowing due to the thickening of the membrane of these veins up to the capillary veins, which are the first to close completely. It follows that old people are more afraid of cold than young people, and that those who are very old have skin the color of wood or dry chestnut, because this skin is almost devoid of nutrition. And with this membrane of the veins in humans the same thing happens as in oranges, in which the skin thickens and the flesh decreases as they become decrepit.” This opinion of Leonardo da Vinci, despite being “old,” can still serve as confirmation of the existing arguments of many physiologists about the causes of premature aging of a person who did not bother to understand these reasons and take basic measures to maintain the healthy state of his arteries and veins until old age. We pay life a tribute for the omissions that we make, relying too much on it, on the reserves it provides. Do not delude yourself: nature did not strive to ensure human longevity. And this is confirmed by numerous facts. For example, fragility of teeth, leading animals to premature death from starvation. Sudden weakening of vision and hearing has repeatedly led to defenselessness and death of many individuals. What can we say about the uncontrolled accumulation of toxins and poisons in the intercellular spaces or about an incomprehensible disruption of the activity of the central or autonomic nervous system? It seems that nature’s calculation was simple: it sought to accelerate the change of generations on the planet in order to quickly achieve the process of self-improvement (evolution). But you need to know a person who did not agree with his mother’s intentions. He leans on, fights, seeks opportunities to live and survive. Instead of teeth, he learned to make dentures. To help weakening eyesight he invented glasses. It suppresses pathological infection due to strong chemical compounds, and deals with old age through physical education and sports. However, weak will and laziness are a person’s main enemy in the fight against old age. It was under the blows of this serious rival that many, many millions of earthlings found their untimely death from nervous stress and excessive slagging of the body. Because they were too lazy to do gymnastics and hardening procedures in the morning.
The reason for the aging of the body is toxins!
In the work of scientists at the University of Chicago in 1973, research materials were published that explained the cause of human aging by the gradual sedimentation of waste in the intercellular spaces, incl. and medulla.
But there must be some mechanical forces at work, pumping these waste products through myriads of living cells. Yes, of course, such forces exist. According to Mikulin, there are three of them. Firstly, this is the strength of vibration of the cells themselves. But it is very small. Secondly, it is the compression of cells that occurs during muscle contractions. And thirdly, these are inertial forces that arise in the gravitational field when the human body is shaken while walking, running, jumping. The conclusion can be drawn the same as we did before: run, jump and fight!
Mikulin active longevity system
In order to turn on the mentioned mechanisms of self-cleaning of cells and intercellular spaces, you need to take walks - for older people, or light jogging - for younger people. But this shouldn't be just a walk. You need to walk (run) quickly, cheerfully, trying to step on the ground as hard as possible, resting on your heel and placing your entire foot on the ground. It is such strong muscle contractions, as well as shocks and tremors of the whole body that cause a sharp and complete cleansing of the body of toxins. And after this walk (jog) and the subsequent cool shower, a person experiences not fatigue, but vigor and a surge of strength - the best indication of the usefulness of your efforts. Run“on tiptoe” is less useful, because tremors are weakened by tension in the foot. To gain maximum vigor and health, you should run (or strive for this) every day for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 km, trying to place your foot on the ground with your entire foot on the heel. G. Gilmore with his book “Running for Life” turned out to be only partly right. In fact, we run (or try to run) mainly for health reasons. And under no circumstances should you give your body a full load at once. You need to get used to running or fast walking gradually, slowly. On day 1, take 10 quick steps. Then, bending your elbows, run 5-10 steps. You need to breathe calmly and make sure that your breathing does not spiral. For 2 steps, inhale through your nose, for 2 steps, exhale through your mouth. And when the second wind appears, you can switch to longer inhalation and exhalation - after 4 steps. As your body adapts to running, reduce the walking distances in steps. Elderly people should alternate these segments every 1.5 minutes. Vibration gymnastics. Rise on your toes so that your heels lift off the floor by just 1 cm, and then throw yourself with your heels on the floor. The human body will experience a slight shock or shock. In this case, the same thing will happen as when running or walking: the blood in the veins and venous valves of the legs will receive an additional impulse to move upward. Such a concussion should be done slowly, no more than 1 time per second. After 30 exercises you need to take a break of 5-10 seconds. And do not raise your heels above the floor higher than 1 cm. This will not make the exercise more effective. For each exercise, you should do no more than 60 shakes (8-10 one-minute exercises per day). And don’t worry: vibration gymnastics does not pose any danger to the spine or its discs. But it will be very useful for people with a standing and sedentary way of working and living, for example, dispatchers, PC operators, scientists, secretaries and others. Heaviness in the head, resulting from a rush of blood as a result of prolonged and intense mental work, goes away after 2-3 minutes of vibration exercises. This is explained by the fact that with the help of inertial forces we increase the metabolism in the brain: venous, slagged blood is more energetically driven downwards, and arterial blood is driven upwards, to the brain.
Volitional gymnastics Mikulin
Mikulin's volitional gymnastics is useful even during illness. First you need to relax your whole body, and then gradually, using volitional impulses, tense your muscles 10 times without moving. The fingers should be tensed first, then the legs, then the muscles of the abdomen, chest, neck, and arms. This kind of gymnastics has a complex effect on the body and does not require any equipment. On the one hand, it stimulates bioelectric chemical reactions in cells, which enhances metabolism, and on the other hand, it helps muscles and veins get rid of toxins. Do this gymnastics for 3-4 minutes. We should not forget that during volitional gymnastics, special attention must be paid to uniform and calm breathing. For every 5 muscle contractions you need to take 1 breath, and for 5 – exhale.
Breathing exercises by Mikulin
Breathing plays a very important role in Mikulin’s volitional gymnastics classes. As, indeed, in any other exercise system. After waking up. Lie on your back, if you were lying otherwise, and relax all your muscles as much as possible. But don’t fall asleep, but take the deepest possible breath, pushing your entire mighty chest up. When you succeed, by contracting the pectoral muscles, pull the diaphragm as far as possible to the lower abdomen. Its pressure will also spread to the internal organs: kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas - as under pressure, the toxins accumulated overnight will be displaced and removed from the cells and intercellular space. Pressing the diaphragm on the abdominal cavity should be accompanied by inflation of the abdomen, and the more, the better. You can master the art of “playing” the diaphragm down and up only by repeating the exercise many times and talking, well, at least to yourself. But let's return to the practice of breathing exercises. Lying on your back, you first need to take a deep breath, then use your diaphragm to inflate your stomach. Now you should hold your breath for 3-5 seconds so that, under the pressure of the intestines, the toxins have time to leave the places that they managed to occupy overnight. But you need to exhale air in ten small portions, pushing it through tightly compressed lips so that the entire stomach vibrates intensely. This massage is where the main benefit of breathing exercises lies! By the way, a person gets a similar effect when laughing. From here it becomes clear why in all centuries it was believed: healthy is the one who laughs well and a lot. So, in order not to overwork, you can perform these exercises in the morning and evening - 10 deep breaths and pulsating exhalations. This takes a maximum of 3-4 minutes. By the way, breathing exercises can stop a heart attack. To do this, immediately after the start of an accelerated heartbeat, you need to take a deep breath, stick out your stomach and try to hold it in this position for 2-3 seconds. Then repeat this technique 2 more times. It is rarely necessary to resort to the fourth cycle. Regular breathing exercises twice a day ensure that the elasticity of the diaphragm is maintained into old age.
Nutrition according to the Mikulin system
Our ancient ancestor ate irregularly, however, as many animals eat now. Therefore, nature tried to design the mechanism for using food in such a way that not all of its nutrients were absorbed by the cells at once, but were stored in reserve. And she located these “bins” as close as possible to the areas where they are quickly absorbed into the blood and away from the muscles that could often use them. This is how “fat depots” appeared: intestines, abdominal wall, hips, neck, face - where the muscles contract most rarely and weakly. If you eat food without feeling hungry, then body weight and fat reserves will begin to increase daily and the person will gradually gain weight. And this is already dangerous for health, performance and longevity. Based on this, we can formulate the basic rules of nutrition and fasting. First rule: Do not sit down at the table until you feel very hungry. Second rule: The entire meal must be mentally divided into three phases. The first of them is satisfying strong hunger, the second is satiation. Get up from the table when you can eat the same amount of food with your appetite. The third phase is “gluttony.” This is when, after being full, you eat up what’s left tasty on the plate, or when relatives persuade you to eat another piece. A healthy person should exclude this phase from his daily routine! Then your body will learn to use most of the food you eat. Starvation. It is useful to carry out 1-2 seven-day fasts annually. The scheme is as follows. The night before, you need to do an enema with water at room temperature. The next morning, repeat the procedure. Then – daily morning exercises and a walk of 1-2 km. You will feel a “sucking” in the pit of your stomach. But this does not mean that this “spoon” needs to be fed. Drink 1-2 glasses of boiled water and the feeling of hunger will disappear. Continue with your normal work life during the day. Any hunger that appears must be extinguished with the same water. This is how you need to live during the entire 7 days of fasting: evening and morning enemas and 10-12 glasses of water instead of solid food. Any medications or consumption of food, tea, sugar and other products are strictly prohibited! One cup of tea negates the benefits of the entire event, as it causes immediate release of gastric juice. If the above conditions are met, already on the 3rd day the juice stops being released, and the body begins to eat its cells. Which ones come first? Tissue, fat? Wrong! First of all, it eats diseased cells. It is because of this that healing from diseases is so often observed. If weakness suddenly appears during fasting, you need to do an enema as quickly as possible, preventing self-poisoning of the body with decay products. You should start eating on the 8th day in the morning like this: juices, yogurt, cottage cheese, tea, a lump of sugar. On the 9th day, boiled vegetables and crackers are added, and all this in small quantities every 2-3 hours. On the 10th day, supplement your menu with boiled chicken, potatoes, and rice. Next - normal nutrition without excesses.
Mikulin about harmful foods
A.A. Mikulin calls junk food a time bomb. He advises avoiding the following foods. Yeast products cause active fermentation in the intestines (it is better to eat yeast-free cakes). Animal fats promote sclerosis (replace them with vegetable oil). Milk can be replaced with any type of bacterial derivatives (milk fungus is best); curdled milk, kefir, sour cream, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk. Boiled meat or fish - in moderation. Meat soups are poorly broken down by the liver. More vegetables and cereals. Don't forget about the benefits of vitamins. Take ascorbic acid 1 g per day, as well as strawberries, rose hips, black currants, etc. Salt and sugar – less. During your life, you need to carefully monitor the regular bowel function and, if a disturbance occurs in the evening of the first day, help it by taking chewed rhubarb tablets or drinking half a glass of laxative tea. This way you can avoid many serious diseases.
How much sleep does a person need?
You got laid. I don't want to get up. It seems that you need to lie down a little more, and vigor and strength will return to you. Nonsense! Don't believe the wrong feelings! The longer you lie awake, the more you lose strength, and the more slagged you become. It has been proven that during sleep, cells are charged with electrical charges and are well cleansed by fresh arterial blood from lactic acid and by-products of oxidation and metabolism. This is useful! On the other hand, waste products gradually accumulate in the cells while lying down, which is certainly harmful.
Mikulin's daily routine
Here is the exact work schedule of Academician Mikulin - from Mikulin himself. The alarm clock rings at 7 o'clock. I wake up. I remove the grounding from my feet and turn on the room ionizer. I stretch and, lying in bed on my back, begin breathing exercises. Inhale deeply, strive to direct the diaphragm to the lower abdomen, hold for 3 seconds and exhale abruptly through pursed lips in 8-10 portions. I do 10 such exercises, each for 6 seconds, the total time is 1 minute. Next I do volitional gymnastics – 1 minute. Then, continuing to lie on my back, I do an exercise called “bicycle.” I keep my hands under my hips on my belt. The legs are raised up and perform the movements of a cyclist - they pedal 20 revolutions with each leg. Then the legs straighten, describe the widest possible circles 3 times, and again “bicycle” - 20 times. And so - 3 cycles. Each cycle is 25 seconds, the entire exercise is 2 minutes. I get out of bed and begin freestyle gymnastics with 2-kilogram weights. First, exercises for the arms, then squats, bends, turns, etc. - just 5 minutes. I really love the complex developed by Yu. Shaposhnikov, senior coach of the Moscow Chaika swimming pool. Shaposhnikov's set of gymnastic exercises I.p. – basic stance, dumbbells in lowered hands. Raise your arms straight up while simultaneously raising your body on your toes – inhale. Lowering your hands down, return to IP. - exhale. 10-15 times. I.p. – basic stance, dumbbells in lowered hands, palms facing forward. Alternate flexion and extension of the arms at the elbow joints. During arm curls, the dumbbells touch the shoulders and the elbows remain motionless. Breathing is voluntary. 15-20 times. I.p. – extend your arms with dumbbells forward. Extend your straight arms to the sides until they fail so that your shoulder blades come together - inhale, bring your arms in front of you - exhale. 10-15 times. I.p. – standing, the torso is tilted forward to a horizontal position, arms with dumbbells are lowered down, palms inward. Raise your arms straight to the sides - inhale, lower your arms into a standing position. - exhale. 10-12 times. I.p. – sitting on a chair, feet secured to a fixed support, hands with dumbbells behind the head. Slowly lean back, turning your torso to the left - inhale. Return to i.p. - exhale. Do the same, turning your torso to the right side 6-8 times. I. p. - lying on your back on the floor or on a bench, arms with dumbbells along the body, palms down. Raise your straight arms forward and lower them back until they touch the floor – inhale. Return to the ip position with the reverse movement of the hands - exhale. 10-15 times. I.p. – feet shoulder-width apart, arms with dumbbells at the top. As you inhale, tilt your torso while simultaneously swinging your arms down and between your legs - exhale. Straightening your torso, raise your arms up - inhale 8-12 times. I.p. – feet shoulder-width apart, arms outstretched with dumbbells at the top. Rotation of the pelvis in one direction and the other. Do not hold your breath. I personally, after gymnastics, proceed to exercise on the “health machine” and do 3 cycles of 15 full movements of the body forward and backward. After each cycle - rest with deep breathing (inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth), each cycle - 2 minutes, and a total of 6. Then I turn off the ionizer. I put on a training suit and run along the alleys and boulevards for 3 km, alternating between running at a fast pace every 5 minutes, stepping hard on the entire foot, mainly on the heel. After the “second wind” appears, I inhale and exhale for 4 steps. To cleanse the lungs, after every 25-30 steps I take a deep “ventilation” breath. Note. If the weather is very bad, I jog at home on the spot or along the corridor for 10 minutes. Then it’s the turn of vibration gymnastics. Remember 60 shaking-lifting on your toes 1 cm and hitting your heels on the floor in the doorway? This is done to completely cleanse the veins of toxins. I only spend 2 minutes. If there was no sweating during exercise, then I proceed to a room bath in the bathroom - 5 minutes, then a shower - 1 minute (first warm, then cool). Total, 6 min. And if I don’t have time to shower, I make sure to wipe my entire body with a furry mitten. Water is at room temperature. After that, I shave, wash and dress – 10 minutes. So, the morning time required for healthy physiological preparation of the body, a person, for a working day is: 10 breathing exercises in bed - 1 min. Volitional gymnastics – 1 min. Gymnastics for legs – “bicycle” – 2 min. Freestyle gymnastics with dumbbells – 5 min. Lesson on the “health machine” – 6 min. Running in the air 3 km – 20 min. Vibrogymnastics – 2 min. Artificial bath in a home steam room – 5 min. Shower, shave, wash – 10 min. Breakfast – 10 min. Unforeseen loss of time - 10-12 minutes. Total: about 1 hour 15 minutes. This is an inexpensive price to pay for longevity! I have breakfast mostly with oatmeal, which is prepared not by Barrymore, but by myself. During breakfast I turn on my ionizer again. At work and at home during the day, I am mainly occupied with my mental home. To rest the brain cells, I try to get distracted every 1.5-2 hours and 5 minutes and do vibration exercises - 2 cycles of concussions. This “strangeness” of mine allows me to dramatically reduce lethargy and tension in stagnant areas of the body. In addition, I try to walk daily at a fast, brisk pace for at least 2-3 km. To relax my brain in the evening, I don’t download it, but read fiction for 1 hour. Before going to bed, take a 10-15 minute walk at a brisk pace. I go to bed at 11 pm. To acquire work activity, I consider it quite sufficient to spend about 1.5 hours a day on your health, which is only 9% of your waking time per day. Every person at any age who has mastered such a regime, which does not present any difficulties, can be proud of his willpower. Give it a try. I wish you good luck, good health and longevity in your working life.
Mikulin on negative ions
The presence in the air of an optimal amount of light negatively charged ions (from 500 to 5000 per 1 cm3 of air) explains the healing properties of the atmosphere of many resorts, including. in Abkhazia, where many centenarians live. In 1953, authors A.A. Mikulin, G.P. Golovanova and A.G. Tseitlin was the first to create the IM-5 hydroionizer, which can significantly reduce the number of pathological bacteria in the air. Nowadays there are many variations of household air ionizers, both foreign and domestic.
Encyclopedia "Aviation"
Mikulin Alexander Alexandrovich- A. A. Mikulin Mikulin Alexander Alexandrovich (1895-1985) Soviet aircraft engine designer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), major general engineer (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). Studied at Moscow Higher Technical University, student... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"
MIKULIN Alexander Alexandrovich- (1895 1985) Soviet designer of aircraft engines, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), major general engineer (1944), Hero of Socialism. Labor (1940). He studied at the Moscow Higher Technical School, a student of N.E. Zhukovsky. From 1923 he worked at the Scientific Automotive Institute (since 1925 chief... ... Military encyclopedia
- (1895 1985) Russian designer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), major general engineer (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). Under the leadership of Mikulin, engines (piston, turboprop and turbojet) were created for many aircraft.… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- [R. 2(14).2.1895, Vladimir], Soviet aircraft engine designer, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service (1943), Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). Member of the CPSU since 1954. In 1923 he began working as a designer in... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1895 1985) Soviet aircraft engine designer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), major general engineer (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). He studied at the Moscow Higher Technical School, a student of N. E. Zhukovsky. Since 1923 he worked in... ... Encyclopedia of technology
Mikulin, Alexander Alexandrovich- MIKULIN Alexander Alexandrovich (1895 1985), designer. Creator of the first liquid-cooled aircraft engine in the USSR, the M 34, with high power (about 600 kW), used on ANT 25, TB 3, etc. aircraft. During the Great Patriotic War... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Alexander Aleksandrovich Mikulin (1895 1985) Soviet aircraft engine designer and leading designer of the Mikulin Design Bureau. He created the first Soviet aircraft water-cooled piston engine Mikulin AM 34 and Mikulin AM 3 ... ... Wikipedia
- [R. 2 (14) Feb. 1895] Sov. scientist, aircraft engine designer, academician. (since 1943), Major General of Engineering and Technical. services. Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). Member CPSU since 1952. Since 1923 he began working as a designer at the Scientific Automotive In... ... Large biographical encyclopedia
- (1895 1985), designer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), major general engineer (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). Under the leadership of Mikulin, engines (piston, turboprop and turbojet) were created for many aircraft. State... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
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