Slide 1
Weapon of victory Large-scale fortress T-34 tank
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank of the Great Patriotic War period, mass-produced since 1940, and was the main tank of the Red Army until the first half of 1944, when it was replaced by the T-34-85 modification tank. The most popular medium tank of World War II. Developed by the design bureau of the tank department of the Kharkov plant No. 183 under the leadership of M. I. Koshkin. The success of the project was predetermined by the use of the latest highly economical aviation diesel engine: the B-2, thanks to which the medium-thick-armored T-34 inherited from the light-thinly armored BT an unusually high specific power, which ensured the absolute superiority of the T-34 tank throughout the Second World War. cross-country ability, maneuverability, mobility, as well as a weight reserve for modernization, taking into account the accumulated experience of combat use. From 1942 to 1945, the main large-scale production of the T-34 was launched at powerful machine-building plants in the Urals and Siberia, and continued in the post-war years. The latest modification (T-34-85) is in service with some countries to this day.
The T-34 tank had a huge impact on the outcome of the war and on the further development of world tank building. Thanks to the totality of its combat qualities, the T-34 was recognized by many specialists and military experts as one of the best tanks of the Second World War.
Slide 2
Weapon of victory BM-13 "Katyusha"
BM-13 is a Soviet rocket artillery combat vehicle during the Great Patriotic War, the most popular and famous Soviet combat vehicle (BM) of this class. In 1939-1941, it was created by RNII employees I. I. Gvai, V. N. Galkovsky, A. P. Pavlenko, A. S. Popov. It is most widely known by the popular nickname “Katyusha”. weapons of some countries to this day. The weapon is relatively simple, consisting of rail guides and a device for guiding them. For aiming, rotating and lifting mechanisms and an artillery sight were provided. There were two jacks at the rear of the vehicle, providing greater stability when firing. One machine could accommodate from 14 to 48 guides. The body of the rocket (missile) was a welded cylinder, divided into three compartments - the warhead compartment, the engine compartment (combustion chamber with fuel) and the jet nozzle.
The RS-132 projectile for mounting the BM-13 had a length of 0.8 meters, a diameter of 132 millimeters and weighed 42.5 kg. Inside the cylinder with the feathers there was solid nitrocellulose. The mass of the warhead is 22 kg. The explosive mass is 4.9 kg - “like six anti-tank grenades.” Firing range - up to 8.5 km.
Slide 3
Weapon of victory Machine gun Maxim
In 1873, the American inventor Hiram Stephens Maxim (1840-1916) created the first example of an automatic weapon - the Maxim machine gun. An automatic weapon based on automatic recoil with a short-stroke barrel. As the shot is fired, the powder gases send the barrel back, setting in motion the reloading mechanism, which removes the cartridge from the fabric tape, sends it into the breech and at the same time cocks the bolt. After firing the shot, the operation is repeated again. The machine gun has an average rate of fire of 600 rounds per minute, and the combat rate of fire is 250-300 rounds per minute.
The Maxim machine gun was actively used by the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War. It was used by both infantry and mountain rifle units, as well as the navy. During the war, not only designers and manufacturers tried to increase the combat capabilities of the Maxim, but also directly among the troops. Soldiers often removed the armor shield from the machine gun, thereby trying to increase maneuverability and achieve less visibility. For camouflage, in addition to camouflage coloring, covers were put on the casing and shield of the machine gun. In winter, the Maxim was mounted on skis, sleds or a drag boat, from which they fired.
Slide 4
Weapon of victory Flying tank Sturmovik Il-2
Designer: S. V. Ilyushin. Produced during the war years: more than 36,000 copies. The Il-2 Sturmovik was developed at TsKB-57 under the leadership of Sergei Ilyushin. It was a vehicle specialized for attacking ground targets from low altitude. The main feature of the design is the use of a load-bearing armored hull that covered the pilot and vital organs of the aircraft. The IL-2 armor not only protected against small-caliber shells and bullets, but also served as part of the power structure of the fuselage, due to which it was possible to achieve significant weight savings. Until 1944, wood was widely used in the design of the Il-2, saving on scarce duralumin. Throughout the war, the Ily remained the main means of fighting German tanks. Their high efficiency was achieved through the use of cassettes with PTAB-2.5 bombs. Tiny bombs (the IL-2 took four containers with 48 bombs) were dropped in one gulp on a cluster of equipment. The armor-piercing power of the PTAB was about 70 mm - this was more than enough to hit the tank in the roof. There is an opinion that success in the Battle of Kursk was achieved largely due to the actions of the attack aircraft: the Germans began to avoid the accumulation of their troops, and it was much more difficult to coordinate the work of dispersed units. The Germans called the Il-2 a “concrete bomber.”
Slide 5
Weapon of victory "Breaking Cans"
One of the most ingenious and at the same time effective types of weapons was the RG-42 hand grenade. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that structurally the grenade body was an ordinary tin can of slightly modified dimensions. Only instead of condensed milk, a fragmentation jacket made of rolled up thick steel tape with a notch and an explosive charge were placed in it. The fuse was a standard UZRG fuse, the production of which had already been put into production. The production of RG-42 could be established at any canning factory. At the same time, the combat qualities of the grenade were not at all inferior to more complex and expensive analogues. In China, an analogue of the RG-42 is still produced.
Slide 6
Weapon of victory “Bandit rapid fire” PPSh submachine gun
Designer: G. S. Shpagin Produced during the war years: about 6 million copies During the Second World War, submachine guns, automatic weapons that use a pistol cartridge, found widespread use. Submachine guns appeared in the 1920s and quickly gained popularity due to their effectiveness and convenience. Initially, the Soviet Union was against the adoption of submachine guns: Stalin considered them “gangster weapons” unworthy of the Red Army. However, the experience of the Winter War of 1939/40 dramatically changed the attitude towards this type of weapon, and already in 1940 the Degtyarev PPD submachine gun was adopted for service. This weapon uses one of the simplest and most reliable automatic operation schemes - a blowback action. The shot occurs as follows: the shooter moves the bolt to the rear position, thus compressing the recoil spring. When you press the trigger, the spring pushes the bolt forward, simultaneously ejecting a cartridge from the magazine and piercing the primer. An important advantage was the ease of disassembly and the ability to quickly replace any part.
Slide 7
Weapon of victory "People's Artillery" Divisional gun ZIS-3
Designer: V. G. Grabin. Produced during the war years: more than 103,000 copies The most popular artillery piece during the war was the ZIS-3 divisional gun designed by Vasily Grabin. Produced in more than 103,000 copies, this gun has become a true masterpiece of manufacturability and reliability. Fire from the Grabin cannon could be fired with any Soviet shells of 76.2 mm caliber, which significantly facilitated the supply of artillery batteries. It should be admitted that in terms of combat characteristics, the ZIS-3 was inferior to its foreign counterparts (in particular, the English 17-pound gun), but in terms of convenience and unpretentiousness, the Soviet gun had no equal. Considering the low level of training of divisional artillerymen and the harsh operating conditions, this was a very valuable advantage - even serious repairs could be carried out by crews.
Slide 8
Weapon of victory “Baby”
The project of mini-submarines for the rapid strengthening of the Pacific Fleet - the main feature of the M-type boats was the ability to be transported by rail in a fully assembled form. In the pursuit of compactness, many had to be sacrificed - service on the Malyutka turned into a grueling and dangerous undertaking. Difficult living conditions, strong roughness - the waves mercilessly tossed the 200-ton “float”, risking breaking it into pieces. Shallow diving depth and weak weapons. But the main concern of the sailors was the reliability of the submarine - one shaft, one diesel engine, one electric motor - the tiny “Malyutka” left no chance for the careless crew, the slightest malfunction on board threatened death for the submarine. Despite their modest size and only 2 torpedoes on board, the tiny fish were simply distinguished by their terrifying “gluttony”: in just the years of World War II, Soviet M-type submarines sank 61 enemy ships with a total tonnage of 135.5 thousand gross tons, destroyed 10 warships, and also damaged 8 transports.
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Great victory of a great people In 1945, we won a great victory over the fascists thanks to our courage, bravery, devotion and love for the fatherland. Of course, science has helped us more than once, especially in the last years of the Great Patriotic War.
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“Katyusha” Katyusha is the unofficial collective name for the BM-8 (82 mm), BM-13 (132 mm) and BM-31 (310 mm) rocket artillery combat vehicles. Such installations were actively used by the USSR during the Second World War. Just a few hours before the war, a decree on their mass production was signed.
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Where were they created? In order to increase the power of Soviet artillery during the war, scientific research and technical institutes of the USSR were given the task of “developing rockets using smokeless powder.” In 1938, a group of scientists created a multi-charge launcher mounted on a truck. In 1929, B. S. Petropavlovsky, with the participation of Langemak, Petrov, Kleimenov and others, at the GDL, developed and officially tested rockets of various calibers - prototypes for the Katyusha projectile. To launch them, multi-charge aviation and single-charge ground launchers were used. “On June 1, 1941, the vehicles were adopted by the artillery.
5 slide
History of weapons The BM-13 and BM-8 rocket systems were primarily armed with guards mortar units that were part of the reserve artillery of the Supreme High Command. Therefore, “Katyushas” were sometimes unofficially called “Guards mortars.”
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Use The weapon is relatively simple, consisting of guide rails and a device for guiding them. For aiming, rotating and lifting mechanisms and an artillery sight were provided. There were two jacks at the rear of the vehicle, providing greater stability when firing.
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The power of Soviet technology The Katyusha rocket was a welded cylinder divided into three compartments - the warhead, the fuel and the jet nozzle. One machine could accommodate from 14 to 48 guides. The RS-132 projectile for mounting the BM-13 was 1.8 m long, 132 mm in diameter and weighed 42.5 kg. Range - 8.5 km. In 1939, rockets were successfully used for the first time during the battles at Khalkhin Gol. And with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, tests were carried out in combat conditions.
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One of the main features: During the salvo, all missiles were fired almost simultaneously - within a few seconds, the territory in the target area was literally plowed up by rockets. The mobility of the installation made it possible to quickly change position and avoid a retaliatory strike from the enemy.
Slide 9
Origin of the name Based on the name of Blanter’s song “Katyusha”, which became popular before the war, based on the words of Isakovsky. On the North-Western Front, the installation was initially called “Raisa Sergeevna”, thus deciphering the abbreviation RS (missile). The version suggests that this is how the girls from the Moscow Kompressor plant, who worked on the assembly, dubbed these cars. In the German troops, these machines were called “Stalin organs” due to the external resemblance of the rocket launcher to the pipe system of this musical instrument and the powerful stunning roar that was produced when launching rockets.
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“Andryusha” On July 17, 1942, in the area of the village of Nalyuchi, a salvo of 144 launching frames equipped with 300-mm rockets was heard. This was the first use of a somewhat less famous related weapon - "Andryusha".
12 slide
Who created Katyusha? The original reads as follows: “The final development of the internal ballistic characteristics of powder rocket engines, as well as the design and testing of missile warheads, was carried out by a group of specialists: engineer. M.F. Fokin, F.N. Poida, V.A. Artemyev, D.A. Shitov, V.N. Luzhin, V.G. Bessonov, M.P. Gorshkov, L.B. Kizner, A. S. Ponomarenko and others.”
Slide 13
Awards to the creators More than half a century has passed and the state paid tribute to the memory of the creators of the legendary Katyushas. By the decision of the President of the USSR, Ivan Kleimenov, Georgy Langemak, Vasily Luzhin, Boris Petropavlovsky, Boris Slonimer and Nikolai Tikhomirov were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. On December 5, 1991, the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle medal were received from the hands of M.S. Gorbachev by the daughters of Kleimenov, Petropavlovsky and Slonimer. The awards of Langemak, Luzhin and Tikhomirov were not presented, since the heroes did not even have close relatives alive to whom they could pass them on.
Slide 14
One step away from victory Of course, the Katyushas and the slightly less famous Andryushas were not the only achievements of Soviet technology.
15 slide
Kalashnikov machine gun Kalashnikov light machine gun (Experimental model 1943). USSR Caliber: 7.62x53 mod. 1908/30 Length: 977/1210 mm Barrel length: 600 mm Weight: 7.555 kg without cartridges Rate of fire: - Food: box magazine for 40 rounds Sighting range: 900 m
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Slide captions:
Conference dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad WEAPONS OF VICTORY
OBJECTIVES: - expand the understanding of the Great Patriotic War; -introduce the creators of Soviet weapons; -form a positive assessment of the contribution that home front workers made to Victory; - to cultivate a sense of respect and pride for one’s people, one’s country, and a respectful attitude towards people of the older generation; - to awaken interest in military equipment, the desire to strengthen the country’s Armed Forces; -encourage to study military history, to participate in patriotic actions and events.
Conference plan Ι.Introductory remarks. Ι Ι . Conference on the topic “Weapons of Victory”. 1. Infantry weapons. 2. “The best tank of the Second World War.” 3. “Katyusha” 4. “Stormtroopers, “sky slow-movers”, fighters. Ι Ι Ι . Forum “World War II or Great Patriotic War?” Ι V. Final word. V. Summing up
1. Infantry weapon Mosin rifle. S. I. Mosin
1. Infantry weapon PPSh-41 submachine gun Georgy Semenovich Shpagin
1. Infantry weapon “TT” - “Tula, Tokarev” TT pistol Tokarev F.V.
Anti-tank hand grenades - RPG RPG M.I. Puzyrev 1. Infantry weapons
RGD-33 F-1 1. Infantry weapon M.G. Dyakonov
1. Infantry weapon “Degtyarev infantry” Degtyarev light machine gun V.A. Degtyarev
1. Infantry weapons The optical sight had a 3.5-fold magnification and aperture ratio, which made it possible to fire even at dusk and in moonlight. The sighting range of the 1940 model rifle was 1500 m, and it weighed 4.4 kg. Sniper rifle
2. “The best tank of the Second World War” tank T-34 M.I. Koshkin
1943 The improved T-34-85 entered service. 2. “The best tank of the Second World War”
“IS” stands for “Joseph Stalin.” IS-2 IS-3 2. “The best tank of the Second World War”
The 85-mm cannon of this tank pierced the “foreheads” of German “tigers” from a distance of 1000 m. 2. “The best tank of the Second World War” KV-85
3. “Katyusha” BM-13 “Combat Machine-13” In one salvo, the BM-13 fired 16 rockets at the enemy. Each shell weighed 42 kg, and they flew 8.5 km.
3. “Katyusha” The chief designer of the legendary Katyusha is Andrei Kostikov, a man whose name is forever written in the history of the Great Patriotic War.
4. Shturmoviks, “sky slow-movers”, Sturmovik Il-2 fighters. “Plane-soldier”, “flying tank” S. V. Ilyushin
4. Attack aircraft, “sky slow-movers”, fighters Yak-3 fighter Yakovlev
4.Stormtroopers, L a-5 fighter Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin
4. Attack aircraft, “heavenly slugs”, fighters “Heavenly slugs” - that was the name of the Po-2 aircraft. POLIKARPOV N. N.
Forum “World War II or Great Patriotic War? » 1) In recent years, the Great Patriotic War has increasingly become known as the Second World War. But those who survived the war, who fought, who worked in the rear, react very painfully to this replacement. How do you feel about such a substitution? 2) Is it possible to agree with those who say that the USSR defeated Hitler with “bare hands”, only with numbers, and not with skill?
Forum “World War II or Great Patriotic War? » 3) Russia is one of the leaders in the production of weapons. Is this good or bad? 4) How do you feel about military parades in which military equipment takes part? 5) Are there children of war among your relatives? Did they have to work in military factories behind the lines?
The weapons of Victory are tanks, airplanes, and the famous Katyushas. These weapons were created by engineers and scientists. But it was embodied in metal by home front workers - and these were mainly old people, women, and children. Day and night they stood at their workbenches, endured hunger and deprivation, and lived by the principle: “Everything for the front, everything for victory!” And they contributed to the Victory, bringing it closer every day as best they could. It is in this spiritual strength, in the unity of the people, that the main weapon that brought Victory to our country is contained. The Great Patriotic War was a time of suffering and trials, but people of the older generation are proud of their era. CONCLUSION
SUMMING UP Whose story do you remember today? What did you find most surprising and incredible?
Slide captions:
Anti-tank hand grenades - RPG
RPG
M.I.
Puzyrev
1. Infantry weapons
1943 into service
entered
improved
T-34-85.
2. “The best tank of the Second World War”
»
4. Sh
turmoviks,
«
heavenly slugs"
fighters
Sturmovik Il-2
.
"Plane-soldier", "flying tank"
S.V.
Ilyushin
GOALS:
-
expand the idea of the Great
Patriotic
war;
-introduce the creators of Soviet weapons;
-form a positive assessment of the contribution made to
By
trouble
home front workers;
- to foster a sense of respect and pride for one’s people,
your country, respectful attitude towards older people;
-wake
interest in military equipment, desire to strengthen
The country's armed forces;
-encourage to study military history, to participate in patriotic
promotions and events.
4.Stormtroopers,
"sky slugs", fighters
“Heavenly slow-moving aircraft” was the name of the Po-2 aircraft.
POLIKARPOV
N.N.
1. Infantry weapons
“TT” - “Tula, Tokarev
»
TT pistol
Tokarev F.V.
2
.«
The best tank of the Second World War
»
T-34 tank
M.I.Koshkin
3. "Katyusha"
G
the main designer of the legendary
Katyusha
is
Andrey Kostikov
,
a man whose name is forever in
written down in history
Great Patriotic War.
SUMMARIZING
Whose story do you remember today?
What did you find most surprising and incredible?
Conference
,
dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad
WEAPONS OF VICTORY
3. "Katyusha"
BM-13 "Combat"
car-13
»
In one
BM-13 fired a salvo at the enemy 16
reactive
shells. Each shell weighed 42 kg
,
and they flew 8.5 km.
4.Stormtroopers,
"sky slugs", fighters
Fighter
L
a-5
Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin
1. Infantry weapons
Submachine gun PPSh-41
Georgy Semenovich Shpagin
1. Infantry weapons
The optical sight had a 3.5x magnification and aperture ratio,
which
made it possible to talk about
fire even at dusk and in moonlight.
Rifle sighting range
model 1940 - 1500 m, it weighed 4.4 kg.
Sniper rifle
Weapons of Victory are tanks, planes, and famous
"Katyusha". These weapons were created by engineers and scientists.
But it was embodied in metal by home front workers - and these were
mostly old people, women, children. Day and night
they stood at their machines, suffered hunger,
deprivation, lived according to the principle:
“Everything for the front, everything for victory!”
And they contributed to the Victory,
every day they brought it closer as best they could.
It is in this
spiritual strength, in the unity of the people
and concluded - that main weapon that brought
Victory for our country. The Great Patriotic War
was a time of suffering and trials, but older people
generations are proud of their era.
CONCLUSION
1. Infantry weapons
Rifle
Mosin
.
S.I
.
Mosin
The 85mm cannon of this tank
pierced the “foreheads” of German “tigers” from a distance of 1000 m.
2. “The best tank of the Second World War”
»
KV-85
“World War II or Great Patriotic War? »
3) Russia is one of the leaders
in the production of weapons.
Is this good or bad?
4) How do you feel about military parades?
in which military equipment takes part?
5) Are there children of war among your relatives?
Did they have to work in military factories behind the lines?
1. Infantry weapons
«
Degtyarev
infantry"
Degtyarev light machine gun
V.A.Degtyarev
4.Stormtroopers,
"heavenly slugs"
fighters
Fighter Yak-3
Yakovlev
Plan
conferences
Ι
.Introduction.
Ι Ι
.
Conference on the topic “Weapons of Victory”.
1. Infantry weapons.
2. “The best tank of the Second World War.”
3. "Katyusha"
4. “Stormtroopers, “sky slugs,” fighters.
Ι Ι Ι
. Forum
“World War II or Great Patriotic War?”
Ι
V
.
Final word.
V
.Summarizing
RGD-33
F1
1. Infantry weapons
M.G. Dyakonov
"IS"
deciphered
like this: “Joseph Stalin.”
IS-2
IS-3
2. “The best tank of the Second World War”
»
Forum
"Second
World War or Great Patriotic War? »
1)
In recent years, they have increasingly begun to call
Great Patriotic War - Second World War.
But those who survived the war, who fought,
those who worked in the rear react very painfully to this replacement.
How do you feel about such a substitution?
2) Is it possible to agree with those who say
then the USSR defeated Hitler with “bare hands”,
only in numbers, not in skill?
Weapon of Victory. Weapons of the Great Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Compiled by: Isin A.E. KGKP “ESTK”. Pavlodar region.
7.62 mm (3-line) rifle of the 1891 model, Mosin rifle, three-line - repeating rifle, adopted by the Russian army in 1891. Actively used from 1891 until the end of the Great Patriotic War. The name three-line comes from the caliber of the rifle barrel, which is equal to three Russian lines, that is, 7.62 mm. Russian smokeless gunpowder of satisfactory quality was obtained in 1889 thanks to the successful experiments of Mendeleev. In the same year, Colonel Rogovtsev developed a 7.62 mm cartridge. In 1932, mass production of the sniper rifle mod. 1891/30 A total of sniper rifles were produced; they were used during the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars and established themselves as a reliable and effective weapon. Currently, Mosin sniper rifles are of collector's value (especially the “registered” rifles that were awarded to the best Soviet snipers). The latest version of the rifle was the model year carbine, which was distinguished by the presence of a fixed needle bayonet and simplified manufacturing technology. The shortening of infantry weapons was an urgent requirement put forward by the experience of the Second World War. The carbine made it possible to increase the maneuverability of infantry and other types of troops, since it became more convenient to fight with it in various earthen fortifications, buildings, dense thickets, etc., and its combat qualities were both in fire and in bayonet combat compared to a rifle practically did not decrease.
In 1943, on the occupied territory of Belarus, railway engineer Shavgulidze developed the design of a 45-mm rifle grenade launcher; in total, over the years, in the workshops of the Minsk partisan unit, Soviet partisans manufactured 120 rifle grenade launchers of the Shavgulidze system, which were installed on rifles of the Mosin system. Production of the main rifle mod. 1891/30 was discontinued in early 1945.
Bottle launcher of the Tsukerman system - rifle grenade launcher - bottle launcher designed by V. A. Tsukerman, invented and put into production in July 1942. Intended for throwing bottles with flammable liquid "KS". The weapon was used mainly in the defense of besieged Leningrad. The tests were carried out on July 14 - August 1942 at the Shot course. A small batch entered service with the troops. The shooting of bottles from this mortar was carried out with a standard blank cartridge, or with a self-blown live cartridge from a Mosin rifle. The Zuckerman system bottle launcher is a muzzle-loading system. The mortar was attached to the barrel with a bayonet connection. A bottle with a self-igniting combustible mixture "KS" inserted into it rested on a perforated membrane through a wooden wad, and the shot was fired with a blank (propellant) cartridge. Shooting was carried out with the butt resting on the ground or shoulder. The targeted firing range of the bottle was indicated at 80 m, the maximum being m. The bottle launcher was serviced by a crew of two people: a gunner and a loader. The gunner's responsibilities included: carrying and installing a bottle launcher, aiming at the target and shooting. The loader carried the ammunition load of bottles with the KS mixture, assisted in installing and aiming the bottle launcher, and loaded the mortar with the bottle.
DP (Degtyarev Infantry) - a light machine gun developed by V. A. Degtyarev. On December 21, 1927, the machine gun was adopted by the Red Army. The DP became one of the first small arms created in the USSR. The machine gun was widely used as the main fire support weapon for platoon-level infantry until the end of the Great Patriotic War.
Anti-tank rifles of the Red Army during the period.
Anti-tank rifle - "PRTS".
Anti-tank rifle - "PTRD".
Anti-tank rifle - "BOYSA".
Revolver Nagan model year (Belgium - Russia).
Pistol mod. (TT, Tula, Tokarev).
RGD-33 (Dyakonov Hand Grenade model of the year).
Anti-tank hand grenades RPG-40, RPG-41 and RPG anti-tank hand grenade RPG, 3 - offensive hand grenade RG - 42, first releases and the main production model 4 - anti-tank grenade RPG - 41 ("Voroshilovsky kilogram")
RPG-6 is a hand-held anti-tank grenade with directed impact action, designed to destroy armored vehicles, their crew, weapons and equipment, ignite fuel and ammunition. With the advent of heavy tanks "Tiger", "Panther", as well as self-propelled artillery units of the "Ferdinand" type with frontal armor of mm or more (side armor was mm), there was a need to create more powerful anti-tank weapons, including grenades .
Katyusha is an unofficial name for barrelless field rocket artillery systems that appeared during the Great Patriotic War (primarily and initially - BM-13, and subsequently also BM-8, BM-31 and others). Such installations were actively used by the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The RS-132 132 mm rocket and a launcher based on the ZIS-6 BM-13 truck were put into service on June 21, 1941; It was this type of combat vehicle that first received the nickname “Katyusha”. The first salvo of the Katyusha battery on the Leningrad Front was fired on August 3, 1941 near Kingisepp (battery commander, Senior Lieutenant P.N. Degtyarev). Since the spring of 1942, the rocket mortar was installed mainly on English and American all-wheel drive chassis imported under Lend-Lease. The most famous among them was the Studebaker US6. During the Great Patriotic War, a significant number of variants of RS shells and launchers for them were created; In total, Soviet industry produced more rocket artillery combat vehicles during the war years.
Mamurov Shakhzodbek Shukhratjon coals
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Weapons of our victories Special (correctional) school (VII type) No. 3 of the Petrograd district of St. Petersburg Completed by: Mamurov Shakhzod, 9th grade student Leader: Ledeneva E.A., teacher of history and social studies
The theme “Weapons of our victories” was not chosen by chance and is associated with historical events: the 400th anniversary of the expulsion of Polish invaders from Moscow by the militia led by Minin and Pozharsky, the 200th anniversary of the Victory of Russian weapons over Napoleon’s army and the 70th anniversary of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow.
Get up, huge country, Get up for mortal combat With the dark fascist force, With the damned horde! V. Lebedev-Kumach
7.62-MM REVOLVER "NAGAN" MOD. 1895. One of the most common types of personal weapons in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War was the 7.62-mm Nagan revolver MOD. 1895, which has proven itself over many decades of service. Created by the Belgian gunsmith Emil Nagan back in the late 1880s, it had high combat and performance qualities, and was distinguished by its reliability in operation.
7.62 MM MAGAZINE RIFLE REV. 1891/30 The problem of creating a domestic self-loading pistol manifested itself in the most serious way back in the mid-twenties, when the Red Army began to lag behind the armed forces of many foreign countries in this regard. After carrying out a series of experimental works, the designers decided on the most important issue - a very powerful 7.62 mm pistol cartridge, which was a copy of the German 7.63x25 Mauser pistol cartridge, was chosen for the new domestic pistol.
MOSIN RIFLE 7.62 mm (3-line) rifle model 1891 (Mosin rifle, three-line) - a repeating rifle adopted by the Russian Imperial Army in 1891. It was actively used in the period from 1891 to the end of the Great Patriotic War, and was modernized many times during this period.
SIMONOV AUTOMATIC RIFLE Model 1936 automatic rifle, ABC - Soviet automatic rifle developed by gunsmith Sergei Simonov. It was originally developed as a self-loading rifle, but during improvements an automatic fire mode was added for use in an emergency. The first Soviet weapon of this class to be put into service. A total of 65,800 copies were produced. Some ABC-36 rifles were equipped with an optical sight on a bracket and were used as sniper rifles.
7.62-MM TOKAREV SELF-LOADING RIFLE REV. 1940 (SVT-40) Along with the self-loading rifle, Tokarev developed an automatic rifle mod. 1940 (AVT-40), produced in 1942. Its trigger mechanism allowed for single and continuous fire. The role of translator of the type of fire was performed by the fuse. Firing in short bursts was allowed only in case of a shortage of light machine guns during an intense battle. The rate of fire of the AVT-40 when firing single shots reached 20-25 rounds/min, in short bursts - 40-50 rounds/min, with continuous fire - 70-80 rounds/min.
7.62-MM DEGTYAREV SUB-MACHINE GUN REV. 1940 (PPD-40) In 1934, the 7.62-mm Degtyarev submachine gun mod. 1934 (PPD-34). The new submachine gun designed by Degtyarev turned out to be quite simple and reliable to use. In terms of combat characteristics and technical level, it was not inferior to similar foreign models. However, the misunderstanding of the importance of submachine guns by many leaders of the People's Commissariat of Defense led to the narrowing of their functions to auxiliary weapons for law enforcement agencies.
DP LIGHT MACHINE GUN (DEGTYAREV INFANTRY) Light machine gun developed by V. A. Degtyarev and adopted by the Red Army in 1927. The DP became one of the first small arms created in the USSR. The machine gun was widely used as the main fire support weapon for infantry at the platoon-company level until the end of the Great Patriotic War. At the end of the war, the DP machine gun and its modernized version DPM, created based on the experience of combat operations in 1943-44, were removed from service with the Soviet Army and were widely supplied to countries friendly to the USSR.
7.62-MM SUDAEV SUB-MACHINE GUN REV. 1943 G. (PPS) Sudaev developed his submachine gun in 1942. After modification, which eliminated the shortcomings identified in 1943, a new model was adopted for service under the name "Submachine gun of the Sudaev system model 1943." (PPS-43), which had very high combat qualities and was distinguished by high technology. In its manufacture, more than in any other samples, stamping and welding work was used, which ensured ease of manufacture and rapid development in any small enterprises with low-power pressing equipment.
DT (DEGTYAREV TANK) MACHINE GUN The DT tank machine gun entered service with the Red Army in 1929 under the designation “7.62-mm tank machine gun of the Degtyarev system mod. 1929" (DT-29). It was essentially a modification of the 7.62 mm DP light machine gun designed in 1927. The development of this modification was carried out by G.S. Shpagin, taking into account the peculiarities of installing a machine gun in the cramped fighting compartment of a tank or armored car.
DEGTYAREV SUBMACHINE GUN The first submachine gun adopted by the Red Army. The Degtyarev submachine gun was a fairly typical representative of the first generation of this type of weapon. Used in the Finnish campaign of 1939-40, as well as at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War. The first work on the creation of submachine guns began in the USSR back in the mid-1920s. On October 27, 1925, the Red Army Armament Commission stipulated the desirability of arming junior and middle commanders with this type of weapon.
MAXIM MACHINE GUN The Maxim Machine Gun Model 1910 is a heavy machine gun, a variant of the American Maxim machine gun, widely used by the Russian and Soviet armies during World War I and World War II. The Maxim machine gun was used to destroy open group live targets and enemy fire weapons at a distance of up to 1000 m. By 1899, Maxim machine guns were converted to the caliber of the 7.62x54 mm Russian Mosin rifle from the 10.67 mm caliber Berdan rifle under official name "7.62 mm heavy machine gun".
In 1928, the headquarters of the Red Army raised the question of the need for a new heavy machine gun to replace the Maxim system machine gun of the 1910 model that was in service, the significant mass and water cooling system of which did not correspond to the principles of mobile warfare. In 1930, the famous weapons designer Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev, the creator of the DP light machine gun adopted by the Red Army in 1927, began work on the creation of an easel machine gun. MACHINE GUN S-39
12.7 mm heavy machine gun Degtyarev-Shpagin mod. 1938 appeared as a result of the modernization of the large-caliber heavy machine gun DK (Degtyarev Large-caliber). The development of the machine gun (DK) was carried out by the famous gunsmith V.A. Degtyarev. The machine gun was created primarily to combat air targets. LARGE-CALIBER MACHINE GUN DShK
TANK MACHINE GUN SG-43 The tank machine gun SG-43 was developed by gunsmith P.M. Goryunov with the participation of M.M. Goryunov and V.E. Voronkov at the Kovrov Mechanical Plant. Entered service on May 15, 1943. The SG-43 began to enter service with the troops in the second half of 1943. The SG-43 machine gun with an air barrel cooling system was superior in tactical and technical characteristics to the Maxim machine gun. But the old “Maxim” continued to be produced until the end of the war at the Tula and Izhevsk factories, and until its end it was the main heavy machine gun of the Red Army
COMBAT WEAPON ZIS-3 ZIS-3 was created by using a durable and lightweight carriage from the ZIS-2 anti-tank gun and the F-22USV gun barrel, which had excellent ballistic characteristics and manufacturability. To absorb about 30-35% of the recoil energy, the barrel was equipped with a muzzle brake. In parallel with the design of the ZIS-3, the issues of its production were resolved, which, in comparison with the F-22USV, had 3 times less labor costs and one-third less cost per gun.
MEDIUM TANK T-28 The T-28 tank was adopted by the Red Army in August 1933 and was produced at the Kirov plant in Leningrad until 1940. A special feature of the T-28 was the presence of three rotating turrets with weapons. The main turret, located in the middle part, contained a 76.2 mm KT-28 (or PS-3) gun and two DT machine guns. The tower could rotate 360 degrees, and an electric drive could be used. In front of the main tower there were two small towers with machine gun weapons. Each of these towers could fire in a sector of 220 degrees.
Rocket MORTAR "KATYUSHA" "Katyusha" is the unofficial collective name for rocket artillery combat vehicles BM-8 (82 mm), BM-13 (132 mm) and BM-31 (310 mm). Such installations were actively used by the USSR during the Second World War. In 1937-1938, these missiles were adopted by the USSR Air Force. Each vehicle had a box of explosives and a fuse cord. If there was a risk of the equipment being captured by the enemy, the crew was obliged to blow it up and thereby destroy the rocket systems.
MEDIUM TANK T-34 T-34 is a Soviet medium tank of the Great Patriotic War period, mass-produced since 1940, and since 1944 it has become the main medium tank of the Red Army of the USSR. Developed in Kharkov by a design bureau under the leadership of M.I. Koshkin. The most popular medium tank of World War II.
STURMOVIK IL-2 The IL-2 attack aircraft was developed at TsKB-57 under the leadership of Sergei Ilyushin. It was a vehicle specialized for attacking ground targets from low altitude. The main feature of the design is the use of a load-bearing armored hull that covered the pilot and vital organs of the aircraft. The IL-2 armor not only protected against small-caliber shells and bullets, but also served as part of the power structure of the fuselage, due to which it was possible to achieve significant weight savings.
Despite the outward rudeness and simplicity, it was these types of weapons that became the real weapons of our victory.
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