DHW of a multi-storey residential building and heat supply diagram. Heating and hot water supply project for a private house Domestic hot water supply design

In order for a multi-apartment residential building to function normally, it is very important to properly design and equip the water supply system in it.

As a rule, water supply in an apartment building is:

• firstly, the central pipeline supplying water;
• secondly, pipe distribution to the house;
• thirdly, pipe distribution to each apartment.

For each specific building, depending on its parameters:

• appointment;
• technological requirements;
• fire safety requirements;
• locations of water taps, –

water supply system may vary. In particular, the following networks are distinguished:

1. Dead-end. Can be:
   1. with overhead wiring, which is carried out under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic;
   2. with lower wiring located in the basement of the building or under the floor of the 1st floor.
2. Ring.
3. Zone.
4. Combined.

During the design process, a specialist must make a hydraulic calculation of the amount of water that is necessary so that all residents of the house can uninterruptedly use the resource for various needs.

Hot water supply for an apartment building

Hot and cold water supply systems in an apartment building are designed according to fundamentally different schemes.

A well-organized hot water supply is a centralized circulation system, with one- or two-pipe risers.

In the first case, all risers of a certain section of the building are combined into one, which is called “idle”, since it has no consumers. The risers are looped along the height of the house in order to maintain the same pipe diameters throughout the building and ensure better water distribution for each apartment.

At the same time, for buildings with different numbers of floors, risers of a certain diameter are designed:

• up to 5 floors – 25 mm;
• 6 floors and above – 32 mm.

The heated towel rail in the bathroom is installed on the supply riser, which has its drawbacks: if the water in the boiler room is weakly heated, it will reach the furthest residents already cooled down. In order to avoid such situations, experts recommend installing a special jumper pipe between the direct and return wiring (bypass).

In the case of a 2-pipe distribution, the system has 2 risers - for supplying and draining water. The outlet circulation riser is nothing more than a heating elbow used as a heated towel rail.

Cold water supply of an apartment building

Pipelines for cold water supply to consumers of apartment buildings are made according to a dead-end design, i.e., one branch running from the source of water supply to the very last consumer, where it ends.

At the entrance of the cold water supply to the building, a water metering unit is installed, consisting of steel pipes, fittings and a water meter. Initially, the meter is mounted in such a way that the direction of movement of cold water coincides with the arrow on the device body.

The unit is rigidly attached to the surface (on the floor or to the wall), and attention is paid to ensuring that the meter axis is at a height of 30–100 cm from the floor.

Where the pipeline turns, metal supports are installed.

Water supply of an apartment building: snip

It should be remembered that the design of the internal water supply of an apartment building is carried out taking into account the relevant building codes and regulations, namely SNiP “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings” (No. 2.04.01-85).

This document normalizes important parameters that affect the quality of the water supply system. This SNiP contains sections that describe in detail information regarding:

• temperature and other indicators of water in the internal pipeline network;
• rules for calculating water consumption depending on the number of consumers and plumbing fixtures;
• composition and rules for choosing a cold water supply system depending on sanitary and hygienic requirements, technical and economic feasibility, etc.;
• parameters of the hot water plumbing system;
• fire-fighting water supply, etc.

Designing the water supply of an apartment building is a responsible and labor-intensive task, which a true professional designer can handle competently and quickly.

The specialist will plan the project of a multi-storey building, taking into account not only the requirements of SNiP, but also the constructive, planning, and architectural solutions of the facility.

Our company provides comprehensive design of cold water supply and hot water supply in Moscow and the Moscow region for various objects. Thanks to well-developed design documentation, it is possible to optimize the installation of water supply systems, prevent excessive consumption of materials, eliminate incompatibility of equipment and its insufficient power, and avoid errors during pipe laying. Design of hot water supply and cold water supply Performed by experienced specialists who are well aware of all the nuances of creating plumbing systems.

Features of designing hot water supply and cold water supply

Our experienced designers carry out design of hot water supply and hot water supply from two water sources. In the first case, the systems being developed are connected to existing networks. In the second option, technical specifications for water supply from business organizations, and after that project documentation is sent to them for approval. This method of creating DHW And HVS used for autonomous systems for which the water source is a well or well. In this case, permission to organize a water supply source must be obtained only if it is decided to drill a well.

Design of hot water supply and hot water supply consists of the following steps:

1. Providing information without which it is impossible to create a project. These are technical conditions, architectural features of the structure, points of exit and entry of water supply networks, and so on. The input data also includes a general plan of the area, including soil characteristics and existing water supply systems.
2. Drawing up technical specifications with its subsequent approval by the customer.
3. Development of design documentation taking into account current standards, which directly depend on the type of system being created. The project includes all drawings, explanatory notes, installation diagrams, specifications and sketches of the main nodes of the created networks.
4. Coordination of the project with government regulatory authorities, if the systems being developed are connected to existing networks.

Our company develops competent projects for hot water supply (DHW) and cold water supply (CW) in Moscow and the Moscow region in accordance with current regulatory documents. This allows you to minimize the likelihood of problems with government regulatory organizations. Our experienced specialists quickly make the right design decisions. At the same time, they introduce exclusively high-quality equipment from well-known manufacturers into their projects. At the same time, the customer's budget is always taken into account.

Water supply is one of the most important systems of a country house or apartment. Of course, before starting the assembly of communications of this type, a detailed project with all calculations must be drawn up. This will ensure an efficient and uninterrupted supply of hot and cold water in the future.

Design of hot and cold water supply: main stages

When drawing up a water supply project, you first need to decide:

• with a water pumping source;
• the type of equipment intended for its collection;
• method of external wiring of highways;
• internal or apartment.

The source of water is usually a well. Drilling it should be the first stage in arranging a water supply system for a residential building. Initially, you should decide on the diameter of the shaft. To provide water to 4-6 people living in a house, a casing pipe cross-section of 132 cm will most likely be sufficient. After completion of the drilling work, the owner of the house should be issued a well passport indicating its parameters.

Based on these data, as well as based on the needs of the people living in the house, the parameters of the equipment intended for water intake are selected. The power of a deep-well pump is calculated based on the pressure of the supplied water and its flow rate. The pressure is determined by the formula H=Hr+S+Hcv, where Hr is the height of the external pipeline level relative to the dynamic level of the shaft, S is the total pressure loss, Hsv is the pressure required when introducing the pipe into the building.

The water supply line to the house is connected to the pump through a check valve. It should be stretched along a trench buried below the freezing point of the soil.

Cold water supply design

Pipes can be installed inside a building in two ways:

1. Consistently. In this case, the lines are led through utility rooms (kitchen, bathroom) and in appropriate places, connections are made from them to plumbing fixtures.
2. Collector. With this method, the internal wiring consists of two or three circuits, each of which serves a separate group of rooms. This internal wiring technique is usually included in the design of a large cottage.

Internal piping in a water supply system can be open or closed. In the first case, a neat appearance of the premises is ensured. The second has easy access for maintenance.

Features of DHW design

Water is heated in the DHW system by connecting the lines to a double-circuit boiler or boiler. For a small cottage, an instantaneous water heater can also be used. When drawing up a hot water supply project, you should consider the following:

• DHW risers are located to the right of the cold water supply risers;
• DHW pipelines are laid above cold water pipelines.

The choice of shut-off valve parameters depends on such characteristics as operating pressure in the lines.

Pipe selection

When designing hot and cold water supply systems, among other things, you should decide on the type of pipes used for the installation. Plastic or metal-plastic ones are usually used indoors in apartments and houses. In small dachas, steel ones can also be installed. These are very reliable pipes. Their disadvantage is considered to be difficulty in assembly and tendency to rust. In large cottages, copper pipes are sometimes used to install water supply. This option is very expensive, but is durable. In addition, copper gives drinking water unique properties. When drawing up a copper water supply project, it is taken into account that such pipes should not come into direct contact with any aluminum parts. For the external main, HDPE (food grade plastic) pipe is usually used.

Our highly qualified specialists will design the hot and cold water supply for your home in compliance with all rules and regulations. Our advantages include, among other things, the low cost of carrying out such work. You can also order installation of a designed water supply system from us.

The organization of hot water supply to cottages and apartment buildings is carried out taking into account local conditions. Work on designing a domestic hot water system begins with choosing its type and features. Depending on what water source is used, the cost of organizing and operating the system can vary significantly. The profitability of using a particular system is also affected by its type. For example, using a closed system in which water is not constantly circulated can reduce energy costs for circulation pumps and reduce heat loss. To increase the efficiency of domestic hot water, optimization of the location of individual elements of the system is used.

Hot water system design

(DHW) is the most important stage of a whole complex of preparatory work, which subsequently significantly affects the quality of life. Design work begins with deciding on the source of water for the needs of a given household.

The simplest option- connection to the so-called open central heating system.

More difficult- connection to the central water supply system with further heating of water to the required temperature using individual heaters.

Using a central water supply has several advantages. The home owner no longer has to drill a well, dig a well, or carry out other mandatory work to find a source of water and provide access to it. In addition, the well is drilled in accordance with a developed and approved project, which also requires a significant investment. Therefore, the costs of organizing your own water supply system may be significantly higher than connecting to a central water supply. The disadvantage of using central water supply is dependence on water supplies and its insufficiently high quality.

System design DHW for apartment buildings is made taking into account the existence of two main types of organization - a system with constant circulation of hot water and a system without circulation. Constant circulation is ensured by the presence of an outlet pipeline through which water returns to the supplier organization. This type provides a more stable thermal regime of the hot water supply system, which accordingly leads to smaller thermal fluctuations in the intra-house pipeline network and a longer service life of its operation. A system without circulation is characterized by increased fluctuations in water temperature. This is especially noticeable at night, when water intake occurs in small volumes. By morning, as a rule, the in-house system has time to completely cool down, and the consumer has to drain the cold water. This leads to inefficient consumption of water resources and an unproductive increase in the load on the sewerage network.

When designing a hot water system for a cottage, a simpler closed system of organization without constant water circulation is almost always used. At the same time, fairly comfortable conditions are provided, since the heating devices in this case are located as close as possible to the flow units. Therefore, the amount of hot water that has cooled in the pipes during the period of minimal intake is insignificant.

The design of hot water systems often includes thermally insulated storage tanks to compensate for interruptions in the water supply. Sometimes they can be used as a buffer to reduce thermal fluctuations when organizing a system without constant circulation of hot water.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the consumer quality of water can be significantly improved by using coarse and fine filters. It is possible to reduce the cost of heating water when installing an individual system and the consumption of hot water from a centralized hot water system during design work through the judicious use of pipes of sufficient, but not excessive, diameter.