DVM therapy. Decimeter therapy (UHF-therapy). How decimeter therapy works

Decimeter wave therapy (UHF-therapy) is a method of therapeutic application of electromagnetic waves of the decimeter range. Under the action of electromagnetic waves of low intensity in the tissues of the body, selective absorption of microwave energy by dipole molecules of bound water occurs (comprises 95%

tissue water), as well as side groups of proteins and glycolipids of the plasma membrane.

The characteristic frequencies of their relaxation are commensurate with the frequencies of the acting electromagnetic waves (EMW). As a result of their polarization, conformational rearrangements of the cytoskeleton and organoid membranes occur. These phenomena mainly determine the non-thermal (oscillatory) component of the mechanism of the therapeutic action of decimeter waves.

With an increase in the energy flux density of microwave oscillations (more than 0.01 W / cm 1), as a result of relaxation oscillations of predominantly bound water molecules and glycolipids, the energy of the absorbed acting EMW is converted into thermal energy. At the same time, in organs and tissues rich in water (blood, lymph, muscle tissue, parenchymal organs), the greatest heat is released, and the local temperature rises by 1.5 ° C (the thermal component of the mechanism of the therapeutic action of UHF). The relatively low reflection coefficient of UMW (35-65%), the uniform arrangement of hydrated ions and protein molecules are accompanied by heating of the irradiated tissues to a depth of 9-11 cm.

The impact of UHF is produced locally. At the same time, the metabolism of the irradiated organs and tissues is activated, and the functional activity lost or impaired during the disease is restored. Heating of deep-lying organs and tissues causes expansion of capillaries, enhances regional blood circulation, increases the permeability of microvasculature vessels, and has a dehydrating effect on the inflammatory focus. The localization of the effects of UHF often determines the nature of its therapeutic effect. Main therapeutic effects: anti-inflammatory, secretory, vasodilating, immunosuppressive, catabolic.

For UHF therapy, electromagnetic oscillations with a frequency of 460 ± 4.6 MHz (wavelength 65 cm) are used in our country. power of 12 W, as well as "Ranet" with an output power of 25 W. These devices generate microwave oscillations with a frequency of 460 MHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of 65 cm.

The UHF-therapeutic device “Volna” (Fig. 192) is made in the form of a bedside table in an all-metal case. On the left side wall of the device there is a bracket of a functional hinged design for fixing and fixing the emitter in the required position. The device is made according to the I class of electrical safety: it is connected to the mains socket with a voltage of 220 V by a cable with a plug having a grounding contact. The set of the device includes two emitters - oblong and cylindrical (Fig. 193).

Turning on the device. 1. Set the knob (1) "Compensator" to the "Off" position, the knobs (6) "Minute" and (7) "Power" - to the position "0", the key (2) "Control" - to the position "Network ".

2. According to the purpose, take the necessary emitter, attach a coaxial cable to it and install it at a distance of 3-4 cm from the exposed area of ​​the body.

3. Move the knob (1) "Compensator" to the right clockwise from position "0" to position "1". At the same time, the green signal lamp lights up and the pointer of the measuring device deviates to the right. Then turn the knob until the pointer is in the center of the colored sector of the instrument scale.

4. Wait 2-5 minutes until the signal light (5) lights up, which indicates the expiration of the time for heating the magnetron and move the “Control” key (2) to the “Power” position.

5. Turn the knob (6) “Minutes” to the right until it stops (start the procedure clock), and then turn it in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) to set the procedure time prescribed by the doctor.

6. By turning the knob (7) “Power” clockwise to the “1” position, turn on the high voltage, and then by moving this knob to the “2”, “3”, etc. position, set the power prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the readings of the measuring device.

Turning off the device. After the timer beeps, the watch automatically turns off the high voltage and the red signal light goes out. After that, the knob (7) "Power" is turned to the left until it stops (counterclockwise) is set to "O". The handle (1) "Compensator" is also set to "O", and as soon as the yellow and green lights go out, the holder together with the emitter is taken away from the patient to the side and the procedure is completed.

If it is necessary to carry out the next procedure of microwave therapy, the handle (1) “Compensator” is left in the working position. At the same time, the green and yellow bulbs continue to burn, i.e. UHF is not generated by the device. Therefore, the nurse can prepare the next patient for the microwave therapy procedure.

Rice. 193. Emitters for the apparatus "Volna-2": a - oblong, 16x35 cm in size; b - cylindrical with a diameter of 13 cm

At the end of the working day, the knobs (7) "Power", (6) "Minutes" and (1) "Compensator" are set to "O" and the plug of the device is disconnected from the mains socket.

The device DMV-terapsvtichssky "Volna-2M" is structurally somewhat different from the mobile device "Volna-2" (Fig. 194). It simplified the control panel and increased the set of emitters. The device is designed for therapeutic effects on individual parts of the body by an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 460 MHz (wavelength 65 cm). Output power - from 15 to 100 watts. Operates on AC voltage 220 V. In terms of protection against electric shock, the device is made according to class I, type B. It is connected to the network with a special plug with a grounding contact; a coaxial cable is brought out from the apparatus, connecting the magnetron with the emitter, which is mounted on a rod of a friction-hinged design, providing convenient orientation and air gap of the emitter in any region of the patient's body.

At the end of the procedure, the watch automatically turns off the high voltage, the yellow indicator light goes out. After the beep of the procedure clock, the high voltage is turned off and you can start preparing for the procedure of the next patient. Three emitters are attached to the device (Fig. 195), as well as glasses

protective "ORZ-5" (or a protective face shield with a head attachment "NS5-r"). The order of switching on the device "Volna-2M" is the same as the device "Volna-2",

Apparatus "Romashka" - portable, designed for procedures in pediatric practice with local exposure to the area of ​​the eyes, ear, throat, nose and small foci in various parts of the patient's body (Fig. 196). The device is made according to the I class of protection against electric shock with a voltage of 220 V. It is connected to the cable network with a plug. The device is supplied with a ground wire, a high-frequency coaxial cable for connecting the emitter using a holder. The latter is attached to the table, bed or nightstand with a special clamp. The set of the device includes 4 emitters (Fig. 197).

Turning on the device. 1. Set the treatment clock knob (3) and the “Power” knob (4) to the “0” position.

2. Fix the emitter of the required size and shape on the holder mounted on the table, bed or nightstand with a clamp, and attach a coaxial cable to it. 3. According to the doctor's prescription

cylindrical emitters are installed in contact on the exposed area of ​​the patient's skin, rectangular - at a distance of 3-5 cm from the surface of the body, cavitary is inserted vaginally or rectally (after sterilization). 4. Connect the ground wire to the ground loop and plug the mains cable into the mains socket. 5. Press the button (1) of the "Network" switch. At the same time, the signal lamp (2) lights up. If, at the same time, an audible signal also starts to sound, turn the “Power” knob (4) to the left to the end (as far as it will go). 6. Wait 1-2 minutes and start the watch by turning it clockwise until it stops, and then by turning it in the opposite direction, set the time prescribed by the doctor. 7. Turn the switch knob (4) “Power” to the right and set on the scale of the device (5) the power of exposure to the microwave field prescribed by the doctor.

Turning off the device. At the end of the set exposure time, the treatment clock automatically turns off the high voltage, which is accompanied by an audible signal. After that, the knob (4) "Power" should be moved to the leftmost position. In this case, the microwave radiation stops along with the sound alarm. Switch off the device by pressing the switch button (1) "Network", after which the signal light (2) goes out. If it is necessary to continue carrying out the following procedures, do not press the switch button (1) "Network". In this case, the microwave field is not generated and the signal light (2) remains lit. At the end of the working day, the Romashka device is turned off completely and the device cable plug is removed from the power outlet.

The portable device "Ranet" (Fig. 198) is designed to influence decimeter waves on small lesions in various parts of the body. The device is made according to the I class of protection against electric shock (requires grounding). On the left corner of the base of the body of the device there is a special bracket of a hinged-friction design for fixing the holder of the emitters, which ensures their installation in any position and subsequent quick replacement. The set of the Ranet DMV-20 device includes emitters: cylindrical with ceramic filling with a diameter of 40 mm, cylindrical with a diameter of 100 mm with ceramic filling and cylindrical vaginal.

Turning on the device. 1. Check the position of the output power adjustment knob (slider) so that it is lowered as far as it will go. Check the procedure clock so that its pointer is on "O". 2. Sit on a chair with a headrest or lay the patient on the couch. Install and fix the emitter of the required shape and size on the articulated holder and connect the coaxial cable to it.

When performing rectal or vaginal exposure, an electrode wiped with alcohol with a sterilized cap put on it is inserted into the corresponding cavity (boiling for 30 minutes). The electrode is then tied to the patient's thigh. 4. Connect the ground wire to the grounding office and plug the machine's mains cable into the mains socket. 5. Press the button (1) of the mains switch, after which the signal light of the mains switch lights up. 6. Use the slider knob (3) “Power” to set the power of exposure prescribed by the doctor in watts (W). Wait 2-3 mpn and start the procedural clock (timer) by turning the handle (4) to the left until it stops, and then turning it in the opposite direction, set the time prescribed by the doctor.

Turning off the device. At the end of the set exposure time, the procedural clock (timer) is automatically turned off, stopping the generation of the microwave field, which is accompanied by an audible signal. After that, it is necessary to lower the “Power” slider handle down to “0” and turn off the device by pressing the button (1). At the same time, the signal light (2) goes out. Disconnect the power cable plug from the mains socket

The operation of the Volna-2M device must be carried out in the cabin or behind a screen made of protective material - cotton fabric with a V-1 microwire (article 4381). From the side of the main wall, the apparatus is not operated. When working with the apparatus "Romashka" and "Ranet" special protection is not needed. However, these devices must be installed 2.5 m from the nurse's desk so that the UHF intensity does not exceed 10 mW/cm 2 at the nurse's workplace. The eyes of the patient and attending medical staff should be protected with goggles of the type "ORZ-5".

Dosimetry. Exposure to decimeter waves generated by the "Volna-2" devices is dosed according to the output power of the device and the patient's feeling of warmth. There are low-thermal (output power 30-35 W), thermal (output power 35-65 W) and high-thermal (output power over 65 W) exposure doses for remote methods, when emitters are installed with an air gap of 3-5 cm. Chamomile" and the use of a rectangular radiator, the air gap should be 3-4 cm. The power of 6-8 W is low-thermal, and the power of 9-12 W is thermal.

In the treatment of UHF from the "Romashka" apparatus, a cylindrical emitter with a diameter of 40 mm is used. Power up to 6 W is considered low thermal, 6-8 W - thermal, 9-12 W - high thermal.

When using cylindrical emitters with a diameter of 100 mm, as well as intracavitary, the power of 9-12 W is thermal

for devices "Romashka" and "Ranet". UHF-trapia procedures are carried out using, most often, low heat outputs. At the same time, one field is affected from 4-5 to 10-15 minutes, the total duration of the procedure is 30-35 minutes. The course of treatment is prescribed 12-15 procedures performed daily or every other day.

Full description

In our country, the equipment operates at a frequency of 460 MHz, in Western Europe - 433 MHz, in the USA - 915 MHz. The action of microwaves on the body has a number of features depending on their physical properties. Microwaves, like light, can be concentrated into a fairly narrow beam, which allows them to be localized to a specific area of ​​the body. With UHF - the impact of reflection occurs mainly from the skin. At the same time, the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous fat does not significantly affect the reflection. As a result, conditions are created for a more uniform layer-by-layer absorption of EMP energy. decimeter wave range. The latter is due to the fact that under the influence of UHF, as a rule, there are no conditions under which standing waves can arise, causing overheating of the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as "hot spots" sometimes observed during UHF therapy, which is a significant advantage of UHF. -therapy. On average, UHF penetrates into human tissues up to 9 cm. The mechanisms of absorption of decimeter wave energy are complex and not fully understood. Part of the absorbed energy is converted into heat (thermal action), into physicochemical ("oscillatory") effects. The primary mechanisms of UMW interaction with human tissues are determined by conformational processes in the protein structures of the cell, in particular metachondria, polarization phenomena on membranes and changes in their permeability, coherent vibration of molecules, mainly bound water, as well as the interaction of their own charges of electrically active elements of the cell with an electromagnetic field. . During the interaction of the DMW, most of the absorbed energy is converted into heat. In living tissues, the temperature rises also due to the activation of local metabolic processes. Local exposure to UHF at close and therapeutic doses usually does not cause an increase in human body temperature. However, a general intense exposure can cause a general increase in body temperature, up to death with overheating phenomena. The temperature in tissues rich in water under the action of UHF in doses close to therapeutic, can rise by 4 0 with a relatively small increase in temperature in the subcutaneous fat layer. At the same time, the temperature increase in the irradiated tissues from the first minutes of exposure, reaching a maximum of 10-15 minutes, and then stops. Under the influence of the heat formed in the tissues, vasodilation occurs, the beds increase, which leads to cooling of the tissues by blood and equalization of heat production and heat transfer. The tissue temperature decreases by approximately 20C from the maximum and becomes stable throughout the procedure. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is poorly vascularized and the cooling effect of blood in this tissue is insignificant. Therefore, prolonged and intense exposure to decimeter waves, which can lead to overheating of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, should be avoided. It should also be taken into account that changes in central and peripheral hemodynamics impair heat transfer and heat removal by the blood. The duration of the procedure from 3 to 5 minutes should be considered as the minimum duration of decimeter exposure before the appearance of an effective increase in temperature, and the maximum is 30 minutes. Physiological and therapeutic effect. In response to the impact of UHF, the body develops both general non-specific reactions characteristic of most physical factors, and certain specific processes inherent only to this type of energy. The severity of these reactions depends on the dose, localization of exposure, features of the functioning of the organs and systems of the patient, age, severity of the pathological process and other reasons. As a result of the heat generated and the oscillatory effect in tissues, local metabolism and microcirculation are activated, the content of biologically active substances (listamine, serotonin, etc.) and the level of electrical processes change. This leads to irritation of the receptors and the appearance of reflex afferent impulses. When exposed to therapeutic doses of UHF, adequate to the initial state of the patient, a new higher level of functioning of neurohumoral systems is established in the body, which leads to the activation of adaptive mechanisms and an increase in nonspecific resistance of the body. FMV-therapy enhances blood circulation, improves microcirculation, metabolic processes in tissues and organs, has anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, spasmodic effects, increases the glucocorticoid activity of the body, and has an anti-allergic effect. Equipment. For UHF-therapy, the domestic industry produces devices: “Wave - 2”, “Chamomile”, etc. In Germany, devices are produced: “Sirotherm” (Siemens), “Erbotherm” (Erbe), DW961” (Philips company), etc. The device “Volna-2” is stationary, powered by an alternating current main, voltage 220 V. It is intended for local UHF procedures, a power of 20-100 W is output to any part of the patient’s body. The device has a cable ending with a plug for connecting to the network through a socket. The grounding of the devices is made according to class I and passes through a special grounded mains socket. A coaxial cable connecting the magnetron with the emitter is removed from the device. The device is equipped with two emitters - oblong (35 * 16 cm in size) and cylindrical (15 cm in diameter), which are mounted on a holder. The elongated emitter is a half-wave dipole placed above the screen of an elliptical forsine. The emitter creates a flow of energy directed in the direction opposite to the screen, with maximum activity in the middle part. The cylindrical emitter consists of two mutually perpendicular half-wave dipoles, which are mounted above a conical screen. This emitter creates a narrow stream of energy directed forward, with maximum intensity in the center. The radiating surface of the emitters is covered with a cover made of insulating material. The device is operated in a special cabin, insulated with a cloth with a microwire. The apparatus "Romashka" is portable (portable), powered by an alternating current main of 220 V. The output power of the apparatus is 12 watts. It is intended for carrying out FMV-therapy in children's practice. It is completed with 4 emitters: two ceramic cylindrical (diameter 40*100 mm), intracavitary ceramic and rectangular (dimension 160*120 mm). When operating the apparatus, a shielded cabin is not required. Dosimetry: The effects of UHF are dosed according to the output power and the feeling of warmth by the patients. When using the device "Volna-2" output power up to 30 W (thermal dose) - pleasant warmth. At a dose of 60 W (strong thermal dose), the patient feels a strong warmth. When carrying out the procedure from the “Romashka” apparatus, a power of 6 W is considered weakly thermal, 6-8 W thermal, 9-12 W high thermal (emitter diameter 40 mm), the duration of the procedure is from 5 to 10-15 minutes, the total duration of the procedure is not more than 30- 35 minutes, the course is 10-15-18 procedures carried out daily or every other day. A second course is possible in 3-4 months. Procedure technique. UHF-therapy procedures from the Volna-2 and Romashka devices are carried out in a lying or sitting position. Before the procedure, the patient removes all available metal objects in order to avoid burns and frees the area that should be affected from clothing. The patient takes a comfortable position. After the procedure, rest for 20 minutes. The emitters from the "Volna-2" apparatus and the rectangular emitter from the "Romashka" apparatus are placed at a distance (air gap) of 3-4 cm from the surface using the consi-remote technique. Cylindrical emitter from the device "Chamomile" is placed directly on the surface of the patient's body - contact technique. The cavity emitter with a special protective cap put on it is inserted vaginally or real, the free end of the emitter is tied to the thigh. Emitters are disinfected with alcohol. _________________________________________________ The physical properties of SMW determine their effects on the human body. With SMW, the frequency of the EMF is close to the frequency of the infrared region of optical radiation, therefore, all the physical laws that light obeys are applicable to this type of energy to a greater extent than at all other frequencies of the EMF. The interaction of SMW with the medium is accompanied by absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. A feature of the SMW is a high degree of reflection (from 25 to 75%), depending on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer, the distance of radiation from the surface of the body. Another feature of this type of radiation is the possibility of the occurrence of "standing" waves in living tissues due to the reflection of an electromagnetic wave and its superposition on an incident wave. As a result, in the area with a maximum of electromagnetic energy, a large amount can form and cause overheating up to tissue burns. Similar conditions sometimes occur in the subcutaneous fat layer as a result of CMW reflection at the fat-muscle interface, the latter being one of the disadvantages of CMW therapy. The depth of penetration of CMW into tissues is 3-5 cm. The intensity of absorption of CMW by the surface layers of human tissues leads to their significant heating, which is stronger than with UHF. The primary mechanisms of interaction with human tissues are due to the "oscillatory" and thermal components of the action. The temperature in the tissues rises by 5 degrees C. The minimum duration of exposure to one area is 2-3 minutes. Physiological and therapeutic effect. CMW irradiation leads to the appearance of a reflex and neurohumoral reaction. Under its influence, blood vessels expand, the number of functioning capillaries increases, blood and lymph flow increases, an anti-inflammatory absorbable effect appears, and the nonspecific immunological activity of the body increases. Equipment. For carrying out SMW-therapy, the Luch-58, Luch-58-1 and Luch-2 devices are used. Abroad for this type of physiotherapy, devices are produced in Germany - "Erbotherm 12-240" (Erbe company), Jirotherm 2450 (Huttinger company). Domestic devices are tuned to frequencies of 2375 Hz, foreign - 2450 MHz. The devices "Luch-58" and "Luch-58-1" are stationary, powered by 220 V AC. They are designed for local procedures on any part of the body. Output power from 16 to 150 watts. The device "Luch-58-1" for protection is made according to class I. In it, the ground wire and the power cord are placed in one common cable, and the device is grounded through a special grounded power outlet. A coaxial cable connecting the magnetron with the emitter was removed from both devices. The device has 4 emitters: 3 are cylindrical (90, 110 and 140 mm in diameter) and 1 oblong (300 * 90 * 90 mm in size), they are mounted on a holder. Each emitter is a segment of the waveguide, open on one side and closed on the other. The waveguide is excited with the help of a pin, which is its central conductor protruding from the end of the coaxial cable. The radiating surface of the emitter is covered with a cover made of insulating material. The devices are operated in cabins insulated with a fabric with a microwire. The device "Luch-2" is portable (portable), powered by 220 V AC mains. Output power is from 2.5 to 20 W. Designed for treatment in pediatric practice. It has 3 cylindrical emitters - 115 mm in diameter without ceramic filling, 35 and 20 mm in diameter with ceramic filling; intracavitary emitters - reactive and valenal. Dosimetry. CMW by output power: low thermal, thermal and high thermal. For the device "Luch-58" low-thermal - 20-30 W, thermal - 35-60 W, high-thermal 65 or more W. "Luch-2"; 2-4 W low thermal, 5-7 W thermal, high thermal 13-20 W. Low-thermal and thermal doses are usually used. The total duration of one procedure is not more than 30 minutes, the course is 8-12-14 procedures, daily or every other day. Repeated course in 4-6 months. Procedure technique. The Luch-58 and Luch-58-1 devices in the shielded cabin are installed so that the emitter is directed towards the outer wall. Before the procedure, the patient will remove all metal objects. After the procedure, rest 20-25 minutes. Emitters from the devices "Luch-58" and "Luch-58-1" are placed at a distance of 5-6 cm from the skin, and "Luch-2" is contact.

Indication for Microwave Therapy (UHF, CMW)

UHF-therapy is indicated for osteochondrosis of the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spine with radicular syndrome, deforming osteoarthritis with and without synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis with activity of 1, 2 and 3 degrees, bronchial asthma, predominantly allergic and infectious-allergic forms, with mild and moderate course, in acute, protracted and chronic pneumonia, hypertension not higher than stage 2A, renovascular hypertension after reconstructive surgery on the renal arteries (not earlier than 2 weeks after surgery), focal and transmural myocardial infarction, starting from 25-28 days diseases without severe complications in the acute period with circulatory failure, it is higher than 2 A degree with and without angina pectoris in the absence of prognostically unfavorable rhythm and conduction disturbances, rheumatism with activity not higher than the second degree, including with concomitant mitral valve disease and combined mitral valve aortic defect with circulatory failure not higher than the first degree and without rhythm disturbance, with cerebral atherosclerosis, peptic ulcer in the phase of fading exacerbation, gastroduodenitis, chronic gastritis, chronic adnexitis. Indications for CMV therapy: acute, subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses, middle ear, tonsils, respiratory organs (bronchitis, acute, protracted and chronic pneumonia), odontogenic inflammation of the upper and lower jaws, subacute and chronic inflammatory, traumatic and degenerative diseases organs of support and movement (myositis, epicondylitis, tendovaginitis, intervertebral osteochondrosis, deforming osteoarthritis, bursitis, sprains, contusion), subacute and chronic diseases of the genital organs (salpingoophoritis, prostatitis, epididymitis), postoperative infiltrates, boils, hydradenitis, trophic ulcers, peptic ulcer stomach 12 duodenal ulcer in the phase of fading exacerbation, gastroduodenitis, chronic gastritis, hepatitis.

Contraindications for Microwave Therapy (UHF, CMW)

Contraindications for the appointment of UHF-therapy are acute inflammatory processes, blood diseases, benign and malignant tumor diseases, pregnancy, bleeding tendency, circulatory failure above 2 degrees, rest angina, cardiac asthma, aneurysm of the heart and blood vessels, frequent paroxysmal arrhythmias, severe course chronic ischemic heart disease with frequent attacks of angina pectoris, a sharp exacerbation of all diseases, peptic ulcer with pyloric stenosis and suspected penetration, rigid antral gastritis, metallic inclusions in tissues, epilepsy. Contraindications: malignant neoplasms, active tuberculosis, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, systemic blood diseases, the presence of metal bodies in the tissues, circulatory failure above the second degree, chronic coronary heart disease, heart and brain infarction, cardiac asthma, aneurysm of the heart and blood vessels, paroxysmal heart rhythm disturbances , a sharp exacerbation of all diseases of the digestive system, peptic ulcer with pyloric stenosis and suspicion of penetration, rigid antral gastritis, epilepsy.

Decimeter therapy (UHF-therapy) is a method of physiotherapy, which is formed on the use of electromagnetic waves of ultra-high frequency and power. The current passes into the deep layers of tissues, affecting the physiological mechanisms that occur in the human body. There is a second type of therapy using microwave energy - centimeter wave (microwave) therapy with a wavelength of 1 to 10 cm. Due to their properties, the methods have become widely used in the complex treatment of many diseases.

In UHF therapy, an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 461.5 MHz and 915 MHz with an intensity of up to 60 watts is used. The energy of decimeter waves is absorbed by a tissue containing a large amount of liquid, but 35-63% of it is reflected and scattered in the external environment. The wavelength is from 10 cm to 1 meter, and the depth of action is 5-13 cm. The use of special devices-emitters allows you to achieve a local effect in the area of ​​​​the necessary part of the body.

Characteristics of decimeter waves and their properties

The mechanism of action of waves is the resorption of energy by organs and its transformation into heat, which leads to the activation of metabolism and blood circulation, a decrease in the permeability of the vascular wall, and an increase in the production of hormones and vitamins. This physiotherapeutic method has a general and local effect. With local exposure, metabolic processes are activated, due to which the temperature increases by 3-5 ° C locally and throughout the body. Blood circulation in the subcutaneous fat layer is not sufficiently developed, which is why it may overheat. It is necessary to strictly observe the time of the procedure, to obtain a therapeutic effect, it should be from 3 to 30 minutes.

Directional radiation expands capillaries, improving local and general blood circulation. A decrease in vascular permeability leads to a decrease in edema in the focus of inflammation, and an improvement in the outflow of lymphatic fluid reduces lymphostasis.

UHF-therapy activates metabolic processes, has a positive effect on cell nutrition and restores the lost function.

The overall effect of this physiotherapy is to stimulate the endocrine system. The production of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system and the thyroid gland increases, cellular and humoral immunity is activated. Favorably, the waves act on the brain, improve blood circulation and nerve conduction. Vasospasm decreases and blood pressure decreases, microcirculation increases. Cardiac shocks increase, allowing you to fully provide all organs and tissues with oxygen.

Decimeter therapy has a bronchodilator effect, relieves spasm, reduces coughing attacks and improves sputum production during bronchial obstruction. By acting on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, it enhances the production of enzymes that improve digestion, relieves spasm and reduces intestinal motility, relieving pain. UHF therapy increases the functional ability of the kidneys, relieves inflammation even in the presence of a urogenital infection.

Indications and restrictions for the use of UHF therapy

The use of decimeter therapy is advisable for such diseases:

• Pathological processes of the osteoarticular apparatus: osteochondrosis, deforming osteoarthritis of the joints, arthritis, scoliosis, epicondylitis, bone injuries.
• Inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract: bronchial asthma, pneumonia, obstructive bronchitis, respiratory failure.
• Pathological processes of the central and peripheral nervous system: radicular syndrome in osteochondrosis of the spine, vegetovascular dystonia, radiculopathy, Parkinson's disease, neuritis, dysarthria.
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels: arterial hypertension of the 1st degree, a history of myocardial infarction (not earlier than after 1 month), atherosclerosis, obliterating endarteritis.
• Diseases of the digestive system: chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, liver failure of the 1st degree, biliary dyskinesia, calculous cholecystitis, fermentopathy, irritable bowel syndrome.
• Inflammatory processes of the urinary system: renal colic, cystitis, renal failure of the 1st degree, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis.
• Connective tissue diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, Raynaud's disease, rheumatism 2 tbsp. activity.
• Diseases of the genital area: menopausal syndrome, prostatitis, inflammation of the prostate gland, adnexitis.
• Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract: acute and chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, adenoiditis.
• Pathological processes of the skin: furuncle, carbuncle, infiltrate after surgery.
• Inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region: periodontitis, osteomyelitis, periostitis.

Contraindications to the use of decimeter therapy:

• Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) with an increase in hormone levels.
• Epilepsy.
• Narrowing of the sphincter (pylorus) of the stomach due to defects (ulcers) of the mucosa.
• The presence of any metal structures in the patient's body, a pacemaker.
• Autoimmune diseases.
• Diseases of the blood with a violation of its coagulability.
• Oncological diseases or predisposition to them.
• Purulent and inflammatory diseases in the acute stage.
• Cardiovascular diseases in the stage of decompensation: rest angina, coronary heart disease of 2-3 degrees, blood pressure over 150/90 mm Hg. Art.
• Dermatitis, eczema, skin lesions.
• active stage of tuberculosis.
• Exhaustion (cachexia) severe.
• Individual intolerance.
• Pregnancy.
• Children's age up to 2 years.

Methodology for conducting decimeter therapy

When performing UHF-therapy, special devices are used: DMV-02 "Sun", DMV-01-1 "Sun", "DMV-15", "DMV-20", "Volna-2", "Chamomile". Foreign clinics use Radiotherm, ThermaSpec 600. The action of domestic and imported devices is the same, the difference is technical characteristics: maximum and minimum outgoing force, number and size of emitters. Based on these data, the physiotherapist selects the necessary device suitable for the treatment of the disease, determines the intensity of exposure, the duration of the session and the course of treatment.

Before carrying out physiotherapy, the place of exposure and the shape of the emitter are determined. The method of physiotherapy is chosen: contact or remote (the distance between the emitter and the skin is 3-4 cm). The contact method is possible using the Romashka portable device, and the remote method is possible using the Volna-2 stationary device. The radiation power is determined by the patient's feelings, and ranges from 30 to 60 or more W in stationary devices, and 4-10 W in mobile devices. The duration of the procedure is determined by the number of fields and does not exceed 60 minutes.

Sessions are held every day or every two days, the treatment includes 8-15 sessions.

When using the contact method, an emitter is directed to the required area, its diameter depends on the volume of the pathological focus. The required power is set on the device, based on the sensations of the patient, to a feeling of slight or moderate heat (5-8 W). During subsequent treatments, you can try to gradually increase the intensity.

With the remote method, the emitter of the required shape and size is directed to the projection area of ​​the affected organ. The gap between the device and the skin is 3-4 cm. The intensity is increased to a feeling of light warmth (30-60 W). The use of decimeter therapy is possible at home, using a portable device: UHF "Sun", "Chamomile". The effect occurs after 3-4 sessions, but for a complete recovery it is necessary to complete the entire course.

Heating of tissues and other primary changes occurring in them lead to:

1. Expansion of capillaries;

2. Strengthening microcirculation and regional blood flow;

3. Increased permeability of microvasculature vessels;

4. Dehydration of inflamed tissues;

5. Elimination of stagnation;

6. Stimulation of the barrier functions of the connective tissue;

7. The metabolism of irradiated tissues is activated, trophism improves and impaired functions are restored;

8. Strengthening the production of releasing factors in the hypothalamus;

9. Stimulation of the synthesis of pituitary hormones and some peripheral endocrine glands;

10. Increase in the proportion of the free fraction of hormones;

11. Decreased activity of immunocompetent cells;

12. An increase in the content of T-lymphocytes and a decrease in the content of B-lymphocytes and some immunoglobulins;

13. Improving the conditioned reflex activity of the brain. Its blood supply and neuronal activity increase, the synthesis of nucleic acids, prostaglandins is activated, the content of biologically active substances (histamine, serotonin, etc.) and other metabolites changes;

14. Decreased heart rate;

15. Strengthening the contractile function of the myocardium;

16. Moderate reduction in blood pressure, promotes the development of collaterals and induces reparative processes;

17. Restoration of impaired function of external respiration;

18. The appearance of bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects;

19. Under the action of decimeter waves on the abdomen, stimulation of the main functions of the stomach, intestines and liver, as well as reparative processes in them, prevails;

20. Stimulation of kidney activity, increased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration;

21. Provision of anti-inflammatory action in urogenital pathology;

22. Improving the rheological properties of blood, activating its anticoagulant system.

5791 0

UHF-therapy of the maxillary sinus area

The position of the patient is sitting. Cylindrical emitter with a diameter of 40 mm of the Ranet apparatus should be placed in contact with the skin in the area of ​​the affected sinus (Fig. 199). The exposure dose is low-thermal or thermal (5-7 W).

The duration of the procedure is 8-10 minutes, prescribed daily or every other day. 10-14 procedures are used for the course of treatment. If both maxillary sinuses are affected, the impact is carried out on each of the sinuses in turn.

Rice. 199. Impact of UHF on the region of the maxillary sinuses
Rice. 200. Impact of UHF on the lung area
Rice. 201. The impact of UHF on the area of ​​the stomach
Rice. 202. The impact of UHF on the pelvic organs in women. First option

UHF-therapy of the lung area

The position of the patient - lying or sitting. Install an oblong emitter 160x350 mm of the Volna-2M device over the projection of the affected lobe of the lungs (Fig. 200) with an air gap of 3-4 cm. The exposure dose is low-thermal (power 35-40 W). The duration of the procedures is 10-15 minutes, they are used daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 10-12 procedures.

UHF-therapy of the liver area

In the position of the patient lying on his back, the cylindrical emitter of the "Volna-2" device with a diameter of 30 mm is installed above the projection of the liver with an air gap of 4-5 cm.

A low-thermal exposure dose is applied (power 30-40 W). The duration of the procedure is 8-10 minutes. Procedures are prescribed daily or every other day. 10-12 procedures are used for the course of treatment.

UHF-therapy of the stomach area

In the position of the patient lying on his back, the cylindrical emitter of the Volna-2M device with a diameter of 130 mm should be installed above the projection of the stomach (Fig. 201) with a gap of 3-4 cm. The dose of exposure is thermal (power 40-50 W). The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes, daily or every other day; for a course of treatment 10-12 procedures.

UHF-therapy of the pelvic organs in women

UHF-therapy of the pelvic organs in women (Fig. 202). The position of the patient is lying on his back. First impact option. The oblong emitter of the Volna-2M device, 160x350 mm in size, is installed in the lower abdomen above the projection of the pelvic organs with an air gap of 3-4 cm. The exposure dose is low-heat or thermal (power 20-50 W). The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes, daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 14-15 procedures.

Second variant of influence. Wipe the intracavitary emitter of the “Romashka” device with alcohol, put on it a cap sterilized by boiling for 30 minutes and insert it into the vagina (Fig. 203). Attach the emitter handle to the thigh. A low heat dose of exposure is applied (power 5-7 W). Procedures lasting 12-15 minutes. They are carried out daily or every other day. 10-12 procedures are used for the course of treatment.

Rice. 203. The impact of UHF on the pelvic organs in women. Second option
Rice. 204. The impact of UHF on the occipital region
Rice. 205. Impact of UHF on the cervical spine

UHF-therapy on the occipital region of the head

The position of the patient - lying on his stomach or sitting. A cylindrical emitter with a diameter of 130 mm of the "Volna-2M" device is installed above the back of the head with a gap of 3-4 cm (Fig. 204). The dose of exposure is applied low-thermal (power 20-25 W) and thermal (power 30-40 W). Procedures lasting 7-10 minutes are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 10-14 procedures.

UHF-therapy of the region of the cervical spine

The position of the patient is lying on his stomach. An oblong emitter with a size of 160x350 mm or a cylindrical emitter with a diameter of 130 mm of the Vol-na-2M device is installed (Fig. 205) with an air gap of 3-4 cm above the region of the cervical spine. A low-thermal dose of exposure is applied (power 20-30 W). Procedures lasting 8-10 minutes are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 10-12 procedures.

UHF-therapy on the region of the thoracic or lumbosacral spine

The position of the patient is lying on his stomach. A cylindrical emitter with a diameter of 130 mm or an oblong one with a size of 160x350 mm of the Volna-2M device is installed with an air gap of 3-4 cm above the corresponding spine (Fig. 206) (thoracic or lumbosacral). The exposure dose is thermal (power 30-40 W). Procedures lasting 10-15 minutes are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 10-12 procedures.

Rice. 206. The impact of UHF on the region of the spine: a - thoracic region; b - lumbosacral region
Rice. 207. Effect of UHF on the region of the kidneys and adrenal glands

UHF-therapy of the kidney and adrenal glands. The position of the patient is lying on his stomach. An oblong emitter with a size of 160-350 mm of the "Volna - 2M" device should be placed with an air gap of 3-4 cm in the back at the level of Dx - Liv (Fig. 207). The exposure dose is thermal (power - 35-50 W). Procedures lasting 10-15 minutes are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 10-12 procedures.

UHF-therapy of the area of ​​small joints of the hands. The position of the patient is sitting. The oblong emitter of the "Volna-2M" apparatus measuring 160-350 mm is placed with a gap of 3-4 cm above the back surface of both hands lying on the table (Fig. 208). The exposure dose is thermal (power 35-50 W). Procedures lasting 10-15 minutes are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment is prescribed 10-12 procedures.

Rice. 208. The impact of UHF on the hands
Rice. 209. The impact of UHF on the area of ​​the knee joints: a - front surface; b - rear surface; c - side surfaces

UHF-therapy of the knee joint area

In the position of the patient sitting or lying down, the cylindrical emitter of the Ranet device with a diameter of 100 mm (with ceramic filling) is placed in contact with the skin of the outer surface of the affected joint (Fig. 209). The exposure dose is thermal (at a power of 8-12 W). The duration of exposure is 7-10 minutes on the field.

After that, the impact with the same parameters is carried out in contact on the opposite side of the joint. Procedures with a total duration of 12-16 minutes are carried out daily or every other day. 10-15 procedures are used for the course of treatment.

Bogolyubov V.M., Vasilyeva M.F., Vorobyov M.G.