Indo-European language family Only some languages are indicated Indo-European language family Germanic group Romance group Baltic group Iranian group Slavic group German English Swedish Norwegian Danish Dutch French Italian Spanish Romanian Polish Czech Serbian Bulgarian Russian Lithuanian Latvian Farsi Pashto Dari Tajik Ossetian Kurdish? What other Slavic languages do you know?
Origin of the Eastern Slavs Slavic-Baltic unity Exists from the first centuries AD. Separation of the Slavs from the Slavic-Baltic unity at the turn of the 5th–6th centuries. The most ancient indisputably Slavic archaeological culture is Prague The most ancient ancestral home of the Slavs Central Europe, the region of the upper Danube, Elbe, Oder and Vistula From here the Slavs settled throughout Europe: western to the north, up to the Baltic Sea, southern to the Balkan Peninsula, eastern to the Carpathians, Dniester, Dnieper, Pripyat , Volkhov, Oku
Interaction of the Slavs with the indigenous population of Eastern Europe Slavic tribes Baltic tribes Finno-Ugric tribes Agricultural skills Experience of living in taiga conditions The settlement of the Slavs took place peacefully, because The population density was low, there was a lot of free land and there was enough for everyone. Why didn’t the Slavic newcomers meet fierce resistance from the indigenous people? ?
Dwellings of the Eastern Slavs Zemlyanka. The roof rests on the ground. Area 10–20 m2. Heated by fireplace. Typical for the 6th–7th centuries. Half-dugout. The inside is lined with logs. Area 10–20 m2. Earthen floor. Completely covered with earth. Heated by a stove-stove. Typical for the 8th–10th centuries.
Dwellings of the Eastern Slavs Poluzemlyanka. The inside is lined with hewn logs. The top is completely covered with earth. Heated by a clay stove. Typical for the 10th–11th centuries, for the southern regions of Rus'. Above ground log dwelling. The floor is wooden, raised above ground level. Heated by a combined stove (stone and clay). Has fiberglass windows for smoke exit. Typical for the X–XI centuries. for the northern regions of Rus'.
Agriculture among the Eastern Slavs Slash-and-burn agriculture Shifting 1. Cut down the trees 2. Burn the trees 3. Uproot the roots 4. Loosen the soil 5. Sow grain into the ash 6. Use the site until exhaustion 6–8 years 7. The site is abandoned for 15–20 years 1 .Burn the grass 2. Loosen the ground 3. Sow grain in the ash 4. Use the site until depleted 3-4 years 5. The site is abandoned until fertility is restored (from 2 to 8 years)
Agricultural tools of the Eastern Slavs Harrow-harrow. This harrow was used to loosen the top layer of soil, fertilized with ash after burning grass or trees. Novgorod rake XII–XV centuries. Old Russian sickles of the 10th–13th centuries. Scythe with hilt, 13th century. Braids X–XIII centuries.
The beginning of the transition to a two-field system In the 8th century. in the forest-steppe zone the transition to a two-field system begins. The ground is plowed with a plow and harrowed with a wooden harrow. After 1 year of sowing, the field rests fallow for 1 year to restore soil fertility. The site is in constant use. What caused the transition to a two-field system? ? Sohi Ralo
Social system of the Slavs in the 8th–9th centuries. The main occupation of the Slavs is Clearing land from under the forest: by individual families or by the entire community? Are areas of cleared land farmed jointly or by individual families? Who owns the harvest? Are the dwellings designed for the entire clan or for individual families? Agriculture Whole community Individual families Individual families Individual families
Social system of the Slavs in the 8th–9th centuries. Is there a difference in wealth between dwellings? Who owns the hunting and fishing grounds? Do the Slavs exist in the 8th–9th centuries? private property? What kind of community existed among the Slavs in the 8th–9th centuries: tribal or neighborly? Is there inequality within the community? All dwellings are approximately the same for the entire community Private property exists There is a transition from a tribal community to a neighborhood community There is still no inequality within the community
The path from the Varangians to the Greeks The path from the Varangians to the Greeks and from the Greeks along the Dnieper, and the top of the Dnieper was dragged to Lovot, and along Lovot enter into the great lake Ilmen, from the same lake the Volkhov will flow and flow into the great lake Nevo and of that lake to enter the mouth into the Varangian Sea, and along that sea go to Rome, and from Rome come along the same sea to Tsar-Gorod, and from Tsar-Gorod come to the Pontus Sea and the Dnieper River flows into it. Lovat Volkhov
The route from the Varangians to the Greeks The boats were dragged from Lovat to the tributaries of the Western Dvina, and from there to the tributaries of the Dnieper. Then we sailed along the Dnieper down to the rapids. At the rapids, the boats were unloaded and pulled along the shore, and the loads were carried along the shore. Dragged by dragging. Hood. N. Roerich
Trade on the way from the Varangians to the Greeks ScandinaviaRus Honey, wax, furs, salt, wine, jewelry, silk, brocade Byzantine Empire Honey, wax, furs, leather, slaves Weapons, wine, jewelry, silk, brocade Slaves, leather, fish, metals , amber? What did they trade on the way from the Varangians to the Greeks?
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Indo-European language family Only some languages are indicated Indo-European language family Germanic group Romance group Baltic group Iranian group Slavic group German English Swedish Norwegian Danish Dutch French Italian Spanish Romanian Polish Czech Serbian Bulgarian Russian Lithuanian Latvian Farsi Pashto Dari Tajik Ossetian Kurdish? What other Slavic languages do you know?
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Origin of the Eastern Slavs Slavic-Baltic unity Exists from the first centuries AD. The separation of the Slavs from the Slavic-Baltic unity - the turn of the 5th–6th centuries. The oldest indisputably Slavic archaeological culture is Prague. The most ancient ancestral home of the Slavs is Central Europe, the region of the upper Danube, Elbe, Oder and Vistula. From here the Slavs settled throughout Europe: western - to the north, up to the Baltic Sea, southern - to the Balkan Peninsula, eastern - to the Carpathians, Dniester, Dnieper, Pripyat, Volkhov, Oka
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The Slavs moved to Eastern Europe in two ways - northern and southern. Northern route: Pomorie - Ilmen-Lake and Volkhov, upper reaches of the Dnieper, Oka Southern route: Danube - Carpathians - Dniester, Southern Bug, middle Dnieper, Pripyat.
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Interaction of the Slavs with the indigenous population of Eastern Europe Slavic tribes Baltic tribes Finno-Ugric tribes Agricultural skills Agricultural skills Experience of living in taiga conditions The settlement of the Slavs took place peacefully, because The population density was low, there was a lot of free land and there was enough for everyone. Why didn’t the Slavic newcomers meet fierce resistance from the indigenous people? ?
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Dwellings of the Eastern Slavs Zemlyanka. The roof rests on the ground. Area 10–20 m2. Heated by a fireplace. Typical for the 6th–7th centuries. Half-dugout. The inside is lined with logs. Area 10–20 m2. The floor is earthen. Completely covered with earth. Heated by a stove-stove. Typical for the 8th–10th centuries.
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Dwellings of the Eastern Slavs Poluzemlyanka. The inside is lined with hewn logs. The top is completely covered with earth. Heated by a clay stove. Typical for the 10th–11th centuries, for the southern regions of Rus'. Above ground log dwelling. The floor is wooden, raised above ground level. Heated by a combination stove (stone and clay). Has fiberglass windows for smoke exit. Typical for the X–XI centuries. for the northern regions of Rus'.
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Occupations of the Eastern Slavs Occupations of the Eastern Slavs Agriculture Hunting Fishing Cattle breeding Beekeeping Barley Rye Wheat Millet Oats Furs: Squirrel Marten Sable Fox River fish Cattle Horses Pigs Honey of wild bees
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Agriculture among the Eastern Slavs Slash-and-burn agriculture Shifting Cut down trees Burn out trees Uproot the roots Loosen the soil Sow grain in the ash Use the site until exhaustion 6–8 years The site is abandoned for 15–20 years 1. Burn the grass 2. Loosen the soil 3. Sow grain in the ash 4. Use the site until depleted 3–4 years 5. The site is abandoned until fertility is restored (from 2 to 8 years)
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Agricultural tools of the Eastern Slavs 1–2. Solid wood shovel 3. Shovel with iron blade 4. Solid wood hoe 5. Iron hoe 6. Iron frame for wooden shovels 7. Double-pronged wooden fork
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Agricultural tools of the Eastern Slavs Harrow-harrow. This harrow was used to loosen the top layer of soil, fertilized with ash after burning grass or trees. Novgorod rake XII–XV centuries. Old Russian sickles of the 10th–13th centuries. Scythe with hilt, 13th century. Braids X–XIII centuries.
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The beginning of the transition to a two-field system In the 8th century. in the forest-steppe zone the transition to a two-field system begins. The ground is plowed with a plow and harrowed with a wooden harrow. After 1 year of sowing, the field rests fallow for 1 year to restore soil fertility. The site is in constant use. What caused the transition to double-field? ? Sohi Ralo
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Social system of the Slavs in the 8th–9th centuries. The main occupation of the Slavs is Clearing land from under the forest: by individual families or by the entire community? Are areas of cleared land farmed jointly or by individual families? Who owns the harvest? Are the dwellings designed for the entire clan or for individual families? Agriculture Whole community Individual families Individual families Individual families
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Social system of the Slavs in the 8th–9th centuries. Is there a difference in wealth between dwellings? Who owns the hunting and fishing grounds? Do the Slavs exist in the 8th–9th centuries? private property? What kind of community existed among the Slavs in the 8th–9th centuries: tribal or neighborly? Is there inequality within the community? All dwellings are approximately the same for the entire community Private property exists There is a transition from a tribal community to a neighborhood community There is still no inequality within the community
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The path from the Varangians to the Greeks The path from the Varangians to the Greeks and from the Greeks along the Dnieper, and the top of the Dnieper was dragged to Lovot, and along Lovot to enter the great Ilmen Lake, from the same lake the Volkhov will flow and flow into the great Lake Nevo and of that lake to enter the mouth into the Varangian Sea, and along that sea go to Rome, and from Rome come along the same sea to Tsar-Gorod, and from Tsar-Gorod come to the Pontus Sea and the Dnieper River flows into it. Lovat Volkhov
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Trade on the way from the Varangians to the Greeks Scandinavia Rus' Honey, wax, furs, salt, wine, jewelry, silk, brocade Byzantine Empire Honey, wax, furs, leather, slaves Weapons, wine, jewelry, silk, brocade Slaves, leather, fish, metals, amber? What did they trade on the way from the Varangians to the Greeks?
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Slide captions:
East Slavs
Eastern Slavs are a cultural and linguistic community of Slavs who speak East Slavic languages. They constituted the main population of the medieval state of Kievan Rus. By the 17th century, on the basis of the East Slavic community, the Ukrainian, Russian, and Belarusian peoples were formed. Encyclopedic sources jointly mention only Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians as Eastern Slavs.
Slavic settlements reflect a sedentary lifestyle; they were located along the banks of rivers and lakes in places where there were areas suitable for farming.
Dwellings of the Eastern Slavs Poluzemlyanka. The inside is lined with hewn logs. The top is completely covered with earth. Heated by a clay stove. Typical for the 10th–11th centuries, for the southern regions of Rus'. Above ground log dwelling. The floor is wooden, raised above ground level. Heated by a combination stove (stone and clay). Has fiberglass windows for smoke exit. Typical for the X–XI centuries. for the northern regions of Rus'.
Economy of the Eastern Tribes The economy of the Slavic settlements was slash-and-burn farming. At the same time, the area cleared of forest very soon became depleted and stopped producing crops after 3-4 years. This forced the Slavs to leave old areas and cut down new ones. This farming system required a huge amount of land.
Agricultural tools of the Eastern Slavs 1–2. Solid wood shovel 3. Shovel with iron blade 4. Solid wood hoe 5. Iron hoe 6. Iron frame for wooden shovels 7. Double-pronged wooden fork
Agricultural tools of the Eastern Slavs Harrow-harrow. This harrow was used to loosen the top layer of soil, fertilized with ash after burning grass or trees. Novgorod rake XII–XV centuries. Old Russian sickles of the 10th–13th centuries. Scythe with hilt, 13th century. Braids X–XIII centuries.
Animal husbandry Along with agriculture, animal husbandry occupied a large place in the economic activity of the Eastern Slavs. A herd of cattle was the most important wealth of the Slavic community. Its meat was used for food; in addition, it was used to produce milk and dairy products, and in the southern lands as a draft force in arable farming. A prominent place in the economic activities of the Eastern Slavs belonged to hunting and fishing, which was largely favored by natural conditions. The main hunting tools are the bow and spear. Snares and trapping nets were widely used to hunt birds and small animals.
Deck Wax, honey - articles of trade exchange Beekeeping - collecting honey from wild bees
Bargaining in the lands of the Eastern Slavs Slavic boats Trading
Clothing of the ancient Slavs The clothing of the Slavs was quite simple. Did not include: shirt, vestments, ports, women's sundresses, poneva, trousers. They sewed clothes mainly from linen and cotton. Children's clothes were made from old shirts. Because of superstitions, bells were hung on clothes. Women decorated it with embroidery. Shoes were bast shoes.
Dazhdbog is the god of the Sun, “the giver of all blessings.” Stribog - the god of the wind Yarilo - Furious - means indomitable, rage - to rage, forgetting, the idea of fertility, love. Belobog is one of the supreme good gods of the ancient Slavic peoples. God of luck and happiness. Religion of the Slavs - paganism
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The emergence of a state among the Eastern Slavs.
A lesson in the formation of new knowledge with elements of role-playing game. An advanced task is given to 6 students who will act as historians. During the lesson the following concepts are practiced: state, Varangian (norm...
Kuban studies lesson "Life and culture of the Circassians and Cossacks", "Social performances of the Circassians and Cossacks", "Paganism - the ancient religion of the Eastern Slavs"
lessons of Kuban studies "Life and culture of the Circassians and Cossacks", "Social speeches of the Circassians and Cossacks", "Paganism - the ancient religion of the Eastern Slavs"
I offer a lesson for 6th grade “Paganism - the ancient religion of the Eastern Slavs” presented in the form of a presentation. The lesson provides brief information about the most revered pagan deities. Lessons in 7th grade on...
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Slide captions:
Eastern Slavs in ancient times
Lesson plan: Sources on the history of Russia IX - XVI centuries; Origin and settlement of the Eastern Slavs; The way of life and occupations of the Slavs; Governance among the Eastern Slavs; Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs.
1. Sources on the history of Russia IX – XVI centuries. Historical source - material, oral or written evidence of the past from which history is studied. Chronicle - a record of events that took place, made by year. Other written sources on the history of Russia: business documents; letters; literary works.
2. Origin and settlement of the Eastern Slavs Indo-Europeans of the 5th century. n. e. Slavs Balts Western Eastern Southern Name the tribes of Western and Southern Slavs known to you.
Settlement of the Slavs Settlement of the Eastern Slavs Eastern Europe: from Lake Ilmen in the north to the Black Sea steppes in the south and from the Carpathian Mountains in the west to the Volga in the east.
3. Lifestyle and occupations of the Slavs Read excerpts from the works of Procopius of Caesarea and Mauritius the Strategist Answer the questions: What conclusions about the home of the Slavs can be drawn based on these texts? What information about the external appearance of the Slavs does the source give us? What should Procopius of Caesarea say about the clothing of the Eastern Slavs? What conclusion about the occupations of the Slavs can be drawn based on these sources?
Dwelling of the Eastern Slavs: Semi-dugouts with log walls (typical of forest-steppe regions); Ground dwellings made of logs (typical of northern forest areas).
Eastern Slavs (Reconstructions by M. M. Gerasimov) Woman from the Vyatichi tribe Man from the Krivichi tribe
Beekeeping - extraction of honey from wild bees
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4. Governance among the Eastern Slavs Verv - a neighboring community among the ancient Slavs Veche - people's assembly People's militia - the entire male population of the community, which fought with the enemies during the attack. People's Assembly
5. Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs Paganism - belief in the existence of many gods and spirits (polytheism) Svarog god of the universe Perun god of thunder and lightning Mokosh deity of fertility Veles patron of cattle breeding Yarilo god of the sun
Evil spirits Evil spirits - “lower spirits” were divided into useful and dangerous. - Determine who is depicted on the slide and what group of spirits do these creatures belong to?
Slavic idols Zbruch idol Slavic gods Svarog and Mokosh Idol - a wooden or stone statue, an image of a god
Temple and idols of the ancient Slavs Historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve Tomsk Pisanitsa Temple - pagan religious building, pagan temple
Homework Introduction (pp. 4 – 6), § 1 (reading and retelling) learn concepts and terms. * mini-essay on the topic “One day in the life of an East Slavic warrior (farmer, hunter, etc.)
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Eastern Slavs in ancient times
Lesson objectives: 1. To form in students a general understanding of the ancestors of the Slavs, their occupations, religion. 2. To develop the ability to work with a map, historical sources, teach how to work with additional l...
Through the solution of an educational task (problem, contradiction) based on historical sources, the topic of the Eastern Slavs is studied. The material presented is voluminous, so you can study it...
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