Owners of patent RU 2399004:
The system for feeding cartridges into the barrel of a weapon is designed for automatic and semi-automatic firearms. The system contains a magazine with cartridges installed in the weapon socket, a magazine retention latch and a cartridge feeder. The system is equipped with a bolt stop and a mechanical connection of the magazine holding latch with cartridges or a bolt stop, while the magazine holding latch is configured to open when the magazine is empty or when there is the last cartridge in it, as well as a lock with an additional latch mechanically connected to the protrusion made on weapon and located in the path of movement of the bolt of the weapon or associated elements to prevent premature detachment of the magazine from the weapon. The invention simplifies charging and reduces the reloading time of weapons by self-disconnecting the magazine when the ammunition is used up. 2 n. and 8 salary f-ly, 6 ill.
The invention relates to automatic and semi-automatic firearms and is applicable to weapons of any small caliber systems.
Ammunition supply systems are known, consisting of a magazine with a spring-loaded feeder and a magazine socket on the weapon /see. for example, “Manual on Small Arms” M.: Military Publishing House, 1970 p.4-19/. The disadvantage of this system is that after the cartridges are used up, the magazine must be removed. In addition, the carob-shaped magazine is inconvenient to insert and remove, because movement in an arc is less orthopedicly convenient for the loader’s hand - a simple direct movement is performed more confidently and quickly, so reloading an open-arm magazine takes 1 second longer than a straight one. And the experience of combat operations in Afghanistan revealed the urgent need to reduce the reloading time of weapons, especially machine guns. In addition, when firing from a machine gun, if the trigger is released immediately after the last cartridge is used up or when firing single rounds, the end of the cartridges goes unnoticed, which can lead to the death of a soldier.
The technical result is simplification of charging and self-detachment of the magazine when ammunition is used up, which serves as an alarm about the end of cartridges.
To do this, the magazine retention latch is mechanically connected to the feeder in the upper or upper (if there is one cartridge in the magazine) position, or to an element mechanically connected to the feeder or to the cartridges, and if the magazine has an indirect, for example horn-shaped, then its working the end has straight guides. The mechanical connection can be located both in the weapon and in the magazine, and in the latter case, with some design solutions, the stop for the latch located in the magazine can serve as a counter latch located in the weapon. In systems where the opening of the latch is not designed to empty the magazine, but to the last cartridge, there is a magazine release lock in the form of an additional latch, mechanically connected to a protrusion located in the path of movement of the bolt or associated elements.
The design designed for the last cartridge differs from the first in that in the first design the magazine is separated after the last shot, when the bolt moves back and releases the feeder. In this case, the weapon remains ineffective for some time.
And in a design designed for the last cartridge, the magazine is separated before the last shot in the cartridge loading phase. In this case, the weapon, at least when firing single shots, remains charged all the time.
For more efficient separation of the magazine from the weapon, there is an ejector spring attached to the magazine or weapon. And so that during practice shooting the magazine does not fall on a hard surface or in the mud, there are loops on the magazine and weapon to which carabiners of the safety cord are connected.
The mechanical connection can be carried out either directly or through a rod, a double-armed or single-armed spring-loaded or spring lever, etc.
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the ammunition supply system. Figure 2 shows four specific examples of the location of straight guides on a horn magazine. Figures 3-6 show specific design solutions.
Structurally, the system consists of element 1, which senses the end of ammunition or the moment when there is one cartridge or a unitary shot left in the magazine; this can be a feeder, an element associated with it, for example, a bolt stop in a PM pistol, or the cartridges themselves. A mechanical connection 2 interacts with this element, and with it a latch 3 for holding the magazine body 4.
In designs designed for the last cartridge, to prevent premature detachment of the magazine, there is a latch 5 of the lock, connected to a protrusion 6 in the path of the bolt or the element 7 connected to it. To speed up the separation of the magazine, there is an ejector spring 8.
This system works as follows: when the cartridges are used up, element 1 opens latch 3 through a mechanical link 2 and the empty magazine 4, under the influence of its own weight and spring 8, is separated from the weapon. In designs designed for the last cartridge, after the latch 3 is released, the magazine is held by the lock latch 5 until the last cartridge is removed from it by the bolt 7, which / or the element associated with it / when rolling presses on the protrusion 6, opening the latch 5 blocker. The store is separated.
Figure 2 shows the main options for the location of the guides 9 on the body 4 of the horn magazine. Intermediate ones are also possible.
Depending on the type of magazine /straight, open-end, disk, drum/ and the type of mechanical transmission (direct, rod, pusher, one- or two-armed lever, shaft, etc./, and the location of the mechanical connection and latch, various examples are possible specific execution.
The systems in Figs. 3-5 consist of a magazine body 4 with a feeder 10, spring-loaded by a spring 11. To hold the magazine there is a latch 3, and for manual release there is a flag 12. Moreover, in Figs. 3, 5 the latches are formed by bending an elastic plate on which and fasten.
In Fig.3 there is also a rod 13, attached, for example by contact welding, to the feeder 10 and the flag 12.
Figure 4 shows staggered cartridges 14, between the tips of which there is a protrusion 15 of a double-armed lever 16, spring-loaded by a spring 17 and mounted on an axis 18 inside the guide 19.
In Fig. 5, the latch 3 is located on an elastic plate 20 attached to or part of the rear wall of the magazine, and the stop for the latch 3 is an additional latch 21 in the form of an elastic plate bent at an angle, one end attached to the body of the weapon. On the magazine body 4 there is a protrusion 22 for the latch 5 of the lock 23, which is mounted on the axis 24 and has a protrusion 6 located in the path of rolling the handle 25 of the bolt frame.
Figure 6 shows a magazine 4 in a weapon socket 26. In the wall of the socket there is a groove 27, in which there is a cup 28 with a tooth 29. An ejector spring 8 that works in tension is attached to the cup and the bottom of the groove.
The systems in Fig.3, 4 operate as follows: as the cartridges are consumed, the feeder 10, under the action of the spring 11, moves to the open end of the magazine 4 and after the last cartridge is used up through a mechanical connection in the form of a rod 13 /Fig.3/ or a protrusion 15 on the lever 16 /Fig.4/ opens the latch 3 and the magazine falls out of the weapon under its own weight.
The system in Fig. 5 operates similarly, except that the latch 3, under the action of the elastic plate 20, enters the groove of the feeder 10 at a time when there is still one cartridge left in the magazine. This happens after the rollback, and so that the magazine does not prematurely separate along with the last cartridge, it is held by the protrusion 22 by the latch 5 of the lock 23.
During the roll-up, the cartridge is sent into the barrel and at the same time the bolt or, in relation to the AKM assault rifle, the bolt frame with its handle 25 presses on the protrusion 6 of the lock and the empty magazine is separated. Moreover, if the shooting was carried out with single shots or the trigger was released at that moment, the weapon remains combat-ready during reloading: at any moment it is ready to fire one shot. To reload, all that remains is to insert a new magazine and, without distorting the bolt, you can continue shooting. It should be added that in this case it is desirable to use a slide stop in the machine gun, similar to the PM pistol.
For faster and more reliable separation of the magazine, the above systems may have a push-out spring 8 /Fig. 6/, which, when attaching the magazine, stretches, and after detaching the magazine, it compresses and with the tooth 29 of the cup 28 pushes out the empty magazine 4.
The use of the invention will significantly increase the combat effectiveness of motorized rifle and airborne troops, especially in short-term oncoming, close-in, urban battles.
1. A system for feeding cartridges into the barrel of a weapon, containing a magazine with cartridges installed in the weapon socket, a magazine holding latch and a cartridge feeder, characterized in that it is equipped with a bolt stop and a mechanical connection of the magazine holding latch with cartridges or a bolt stop, wherein the holding latch The magazine is configured to open when the magazine is empty or when there is the last cartridge in it.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with straight guides for mounting a curved magazine in the weapon socket.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical link is located in the magazine.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical link is located in the weapon.
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the magazine retention latch is made with a protrusion located in the weapon.
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an ejector spring located between the magazine and the weapon and attached to the magazine or to the weapon.
7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is made in the form of a rod between the cartridge feeder and the magazine retention latch.
8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is made in the form of a spring-loaded or springy double-armed or single-armed lever.
9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is effected by direct contact between the magazine retention latch and the cartridges or bolt stop.
10. A system for feeding cartridges into the barrel of a weapon, containing a magazine with cartridges installed in the weapon socket, a magazine retention latch and a cartridge feeder, characterized in that it is equipped with a lock with an additional latch mechanically connected to a protrusion made on the weapon and located in the path of movement the bolt of the weapon or elements associated with it to prevent premature detachment of the magazine from the weapon, and the magazine retention latch is configured to open when the magazine is empty or when there is the last cartridge in it.
The system of uninterrupted supply of the Scorpion machine gun belt changes combat tactics, allowing the machine gunner to solve the problem with the amount of ammunition and the need for frequent reloading, without affecting mobility. This solution is a long-standing need of special forces, which has finally found its real embodiment.
The Scorpion is equipped with an easy-to-handle non-scattered metal belt feed sleeve, allowing continuous fire from the weapon in any position. The system holds 475 rounds in the main compartment, and another 75 rounds directly in the feed sleeve. The cartridges are packed in a special box located in the backpack (equipping a machine gunner with such ammunition would previously have required 6 bulky machine gun boxes).
The main system, together with the backpack base, is equipped with an adjustable waist belt and straps. The flexible hose is made of durable steel and coated with a corrosion-resistant chemical coating.
Advantages
The total ammunition capacity of the system is 550 rounds. The ability to achieve a fire advantage without changing boxes and without reloading. Creating a high density of fire to completely suppress the enemy. Lightening the machine gun by transferring the weight of the ammunition. The ability to quickly fasten the sleeve when moving from the traveling to the combat position. The box with a sleeve can fit into any backpack (if necessary, or if the backpack included in the kit is damaged).
Peculiarities
The Scorpion system is designed and manufactured for the 7.62 x 54 R cartridge of various GRAU indices (manufacturing for other calibers is possible). Suitable for operators with any anthropometric data. The backpack base with adjustable straps and belt (in the appropriate configuration) can be made in different colors (the main color is olive).
The sleeve is equipped with a soft cover for protection from the external environment. High-strength chemical coating of some elements. Full maintainability - the ability to replace individual elements of the system without the help of tools and appropriate qualifications in any conditions.
Simple and reliable fastening of a flexible sleeve to the machine gun body on standard mounting points for boxes. Quickly installed and removed. Spontaneous opening during movement and shooting is excluded. The tensile force of the flexible feeder in the extended position is no less than 90 kg (static weight).
The product is suitable for: PC-based airsoft models, 6P41 “PECHENEG”, 6P6M PKM.
The system is available upon request. It is possible to manufacture with various parameters - portable (MAX 1000 rounds, due to considerations of the weight load on the operator) any capacity, stationary - any capacity. Production time - 14 working days. We will contact you after placing your order.
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THE PRODUCT IS NOT SUPPLIED FOR TESTING OR EXPERT EVALUATION.
Ammunition systems for small arms represent a separate design task, without the successful solution of which it is impossible to create effective weapons.
In particular, in the context of machine gun weapons, various systems are of great interest that allow increasing the size of ready-to-use ammunition and thereby ensuring long-term firing without reloading. Relatively recently, an interesting project of such a system was presented by domestic designers.
A domestic device designed to improve the combat qualities of existing machine guns was developed by the FRONT-Tactical Systems company. The creation of a new product, designated “Scorpion,” was carried out on its own initiative, without an order from the military department or law enforcement agencies. In order to increase the ammunition capacity of the machine gun, ready for use, it was decided to abandon the standard boxes for tapes, replacing them with a larger container and a special device for feeding the cartridge belt to the receiving window of the machine gun.
In its current form, the Scorpio system consists of several main parts. To store the belt with cartridges, a metal container box of appropriate dimensions is intended. Connected to it is a special flexible hose for supplying cartridges, at the other end of which there is a bracket for mounting on a machine gun. This architecture of the kit allows the production of various variants, both stationary and portable.
It should be noted that the idea of using flexible metal sleeves to feed tapes is not new. Similar designs were developed back in the first half of the last century and even found application in practice in various fields. The use of a flexible sleeve allows you to connect the weapon with the cartridge box, as well as ensure the correct interaction of the cartridge belt, box and weapon when their position in space changes. As a result, such designs are the optimal solution to existing problems.
The Scorpio kit includes several basic elements. A metal container box is used to store and carry the belt with cartridges. In its basic configuration, it measures 40x10x30 cm and holds 475 rounds in one belt. To carry the box, it is proposed to use a special backpack, adjustable in accordance with the anatomy of the shooter. A special cover with fastenings for a flexible hose is installed on the cartridge box. The sleeve itself is a structure made up of a large number of metal segments that can change position relative to each other within certain sectors. The length of the sleeve is 160 cm, width 10 cm, thickness -2.5 cm, which allows it to hold up to 75 rounds. If necessary, the sleeve is equipped with a protective cover. The sleeve is equipped with a bracket that allows it to be connected to a weapon. The kit without cartridges weighs about 4.1 kg.
According to the manufacturer, in the basic configuration the Scorpion kit is intended for use with 7.62x54 mm R rifle cartridges and loose metal belts. In preparation for shooting, a single belt for 550 rounds is placed in the box and sleeve. The end of the tape is brought to the receiving window of the weapon. According to available data, the design of the Scorpion kit is designed for use with machine guns of the Kalashnikov design, but the possibility of creating modifications for other weapons is mentioned.
The main feature of the Scorpion system is the use of a common belt for all wearable ammunition, which gives it a number of characteristic features and also provides certain advantages over other methods of ammunition supply. According to the development company, Scorpio compares favorably with existing tape boxes for a number of reasons. First of all, a certain reduction in the weight of the entire complex in the form of a machine gun, cartridges and ammunition systems is achieved. So, to carry 550 rounds of ammunition you need six standard metal boxes. With an empty box weighing about 1-1.5 kg, only due to the means of storing and carrying ammunition, the total mass of the complex is reduced by several kilograms.
No need to reload the weapon after using up a 100-round belt (as when using standard boxes) allows you to provide a fire advantage and create a high density of fire. In addition, the Scorpion elements do not interfere with the shooter’s movement across the battlefield and do not impose serious restrictions on his mobility. Firing from various positions is possible, during which the sleeve or backpack does not interfere with the machine gunner.
The existence of the Scorpio project was announced quite a long time ago. Over the past period of time, the development company has carried out all the necessary tests and completed the development of the system. In particular, during 2015 the system was tested in test sites. Thanks to this, it was possible to get rid of all the shortcomings and ensure high reliability of the operation of all elements of the kit.
To date, the FRONT-Tactical Systems company has mastered the serial production of the Scorpion system in a configuration chambered for the 7.62x54 mm R cartridge and Kalashnikov machine guns of the PK, PKM and Pecheneg modifications. Products are assembled to order within two weeks after receiving the application. At the request of the customer, some changes can be made to the system regarding the backpack and its belt system. In particular, you can choose the color of the textile elements of the set.
According to the manufacturer, the selected architecture of the complex allows you to change its basic parameters. Thus, in accordance with the customer’s wishes, the design of the container box for carrying the tape can be changed. In the wearable version of the Scorpion, the box can hold up to 1000 rounds of ammunition, and this limitation is primarily related to the physical capabilities of the shooter and the weight of the ammunition. When manufacturing a stationary version intended for installation on equipment, etc., there are no such restrictions. In this case, the kit can be equipped with boxes of any capacity.
According to available data, Scorpion ammunition kits are produced in small batches and supplied to individual customers. There are references to the ordering of such equipment by representatives of Russian law enforcement agencies and armed forces. Thus, the original proposal attracted the interest of its “target audience” and reached the point of application in practice.
Using the accumulated experience of its own and others, the development company is currently working on several options for the development of the Scorpio system. Thus, last summer there were reports about the development of a flexible hose for supplying 12.7x108 mm cartridges, which could be used to supply ammunition to the NSV-12.7 Utes machine gun or other similar systems. For obvious reasons, this version of the kit will not become a direct analogue of the Scorpion for PC/PKM, but it may well find application in weapons of various equipment. At the same time, it will completely “inherit” all the characteristic advantages of the base model.
In the future, the creation of new systems of similar architecture for various ammunition cannot be ruled out. It is claimed that the flexible sleeve can even be used to feed 30mm grenades for the corresponding weapon. Whether potential customers will show interest in such offers - time will tell.
In parallel with the creation of new kits, the development of updated versions of existing equipment is underway. Last December, it was reported that work was being done on a modernized version of the sleeve attachments to the weapon. Using brackets of a new design, the developers are going to ensure compatibility of the Scorpion kit with new modifications of Kalashnikov machine guns, primarily with the Pecheneg machine gun in a bullpup configuration.
Currently, in Russia and abroad, several options for small arms ammunition supply systems with cartridges supplied through a flexible metal sleeve are being developed and tested. All of these products have a similar architecture and should also have the same advantages over standard samples. However, none of these systems have yet been put into service. Flexible sleeves are actively used as part of small arms of various equipment, but kits for infantry-machine gunners have not yet reached mass use in practice.
The Scorpion ammunition system is of great interest from a technical and tactical point of view. Some publications devoted to this development claim that the original technical solutions of the project can make a real revolution in the field of small arms and methods of their combat use. In particular, it was proposed to develop a new automatic rifle chambered for 7.62x54 mm R, which could initially be used with a flexible sleeve for feeding cartridges, increasing its combat characteristics. In addition, certain advantages were mentioned associated with the abandonment of intermediate cartridges and the transfer of all infantry weapons to rifle ammunition.
Despite all the high praise and attempts to present the new domestic development as a revolution in the arms business, the Scorpion kit has not yet attracted the attention of the Russian military department and has not become the subject of contracts for mass supply. However, a number of such products are already used by representatives of various structures. The future prospects of the kit remain in doubt. Whether the Scorpion will become a standard element of equipment for Russian machine gunners is not yet entirely clear.
Here is a simple, cheap, reliable and easy-to-use flexible hose for supplying ammunition “Scorpion” - a system that allows a fighter to carry ammunition in a container behind his back and fire using a flexible belt to supply ammunition.
The initiative development of the company “FRONT-tactical systems” has successfully passed a test cycle at one of the test sites near Moscow and is ready for mass production. According to the designer, during testing and development, all possible delays during firing were eliminated. By increasing the amount of ammunition available for consumption before reloading the weapon, the Scorpion significantly increases the degree of freedom of action in firing. The increase in the degree of freedom of action occurs due to the expansion of the cycle available to the shooter to suppress and defeat the target. The standard firing cycle includes searching for a target, firing, and reloading the weapon. At the same time, reloading the weapon interrupts the cycle and forces it to start again - with searching for the target and firing: this reduces the chances of hitting the target within one cycle. Increasing the amount of ammunition available for consumption before reloading a weapon increases the duration of the firing cycle and the chances of hitting the target.
In theory, “Scorpio” will make it possible to revolutionize the shooting systems used by the armed forces; in practice, the fate of the development depends on the inertia of the thinking of the military-technical leadership and the efforts of the arms lobby. An advanced achievement, superior to its American counterpart and providing an opportunity to break the impasse of “continuous improvement of the Kalashnikov assault rifle and its analogues,” went unnoticed by the domestic military-industrial complex. The simplicity of the design allows the portable container to be reloaded in the field using ammunition loaded into a flexible self-disintegrating tape. 475 cartridge in the main compartment and 75 in the belt.
“Scorpion” does not restrict movement and allows you to fire from any position; in the manufacturer’s version, the container fits into a backpack.
The Scorpion steel belt is not so much a piece of equipment – but rather a prologue and starting point in the evolution of small arms and combat tactics. An opportunity to formulate a path, the end result of which will significantly change the appearance of rifle units of the armed forces - the development of an automatic rifle chambered for 7.62x54 with ammunition from a belt.
The new weapon must have high technological properties: the ability to withstand a high rate of fire and prolonged load on the barrel bore and gas mechanics, high accuracy and accuracy. The overall success in creating a new rifle will be its reliability and weight and size characteristics. The most significant criterion is the low weight of the weapon, which is necessary to reduce the degree of freedom penalties from the steel belt, which with its weight affects the free movement of the weapon in the hands of the shooter. The ideal embodiment of the new system would be a rifle with a tape receiver integrated into the body, the ability to conduct automatic fire without significant recoil and great wear resistance. Successful development will open up the prospect of switching to 7.62x54 as a single ammunition for rifle units. In theory, abandoning intermediate cartridges and returning to the 7.62x54 rifle caliber is a necessity. Firstly, domestic intermediate ammunition does not guarantee the destruction of modern personal protective equipment. Secondly, 7.62x54 is the most common ammunition in the range of small arms. Adding a new assault rifle chambered for a similar cartridge to the range of machine guns and sniper rifles is easier than trying to create the entire range of small arms from scratch and developing several new types of ammunition. Thirdly, 7.62x54 is not a technological innovation for the domestic military-industrial complex, which significantly simplifies the process of creating a new assault rifle. Under these conditions, the transition to 7.62x54 as a single ammunition will reduce the range of cartridges and rifle systems produced by the domestic military-industrial complex. Which, combined with the refusal to produce a large number of different cartridge clips, will lead to significant savings. The theory is easily criticized - there are now many special ammunition and new developments that are used to a limited extent by the armed forces. However, from the point of view of military construction, it is cheaper, easier and faster to produce a single cartridge for ammunition for machine guns and assault rifles. Small arms account for the lion's share of consumption of the total amount of all ammunition consumed by rifle units. On the scale of an army or a high-intensity conflict, this is a significant saving of production forces, time, and alleviation of the logistics load when supplying troops.
The use of a new concept of ammunition will significantly increase the consumption of ammunition in battle and will cause an increase in the logistics load when supplying troops - therefore, a general reduction in the range of consumable items is an important factor in mitigating such a load.
A logical step in the evolution of the new concept will be the development of a new machine gun chambered for 7.62x54 cartridge with similar technological properties. The need to develop a new machine gun is due to increased requirements for wear resistance, since the use of a new ammunition system increases the duration of the load during continuous firing. An attempt to create a hand-held 30 mm grenade launcher based on similar principles is also possible.
The concept of a new ammunition supply system, in combination with the creation of a new rifle complex, will allow: to increase the firepower of rifle formations several times, to reduce the range of products produced at military-industrial complex enterprises - by abandoning the production of cartridge clips, to reduce the logistics load when supplying troops on the front line, to switch to single cartridge 7.62x54. To do this, it is necessary to adopt the “Scorpion” system or its analogue into service - as an integral part of the “Ratnik” equipment for every serviceman leading a shooting battle. The company "FRONT-tactical systems" is not capable of developing a new assault rifle; moreover, the prospect of reducing the range of products produced by military-industrial complex enterprises, due to the unification of ammunition and the rejection of obsolete cartridge clips and boxes for machine guns and machine guns, creates internal competition, which can be overcome by without a fundamental decision it will be impossible. In turn, the decision to switch to a new principle of ammunition supply, change the appearance of rifle units and develop a new rifle complex will, at a minimum, be postponed. At least because of the “Warrior” program. The reputation of “program success” for responsible managers may be more valuable than the prospects of a new concept. Despite the fact that advanced developers of small arms systems were unable to fulfill the task of the “Ratnik” program to create a fundamentally new small arms system. In the conditions of the domestic military-industrial complex, “Scorpion” and the new concept of shaping the appearance of rifle units of the armed forces may be postponed at least until 2020.
In theory, the evolution of the concept of belt ammunition and the mass use of Scorpions in a rifle unit makes it possible to solve a higher priority task - increasing the number of missiles and special weapons in rifle units, without losing the ability to conduct a full-fledged rifle battle. At the same time, there is no need to create new types of hand-held anti-tank, anti-aircraft, missile and other special weapons. It is enough to increase the firepower of an ordinary rifleman several times and there will immediately be a place in the rifle squad for a second grenade launcher.
In practice, the evolution of the concept is impossible without adopting an analogue of the Scorpion into service and setting the task for its mass use among the troops. In order for the Institute of Military Staff Thought to work, it needs a task, it is impossible, without a series of maneuvers and serious research, to determine to what extent the use of belt feed systems and an increase in the firepower of the rifle squad relieves the squad personnel and allows them to free up staff for the use of special weapons. It takes practice. Since the basic principles of the concept - the development of a new assault rifle, significantly increase the importance of one shooter, you can count on a positive result in matters of increasing the degree of freedom in the construction of units.
The radio waves of the new stations are capable of blocking Russia from the sky, sea and land.
The Ministry of Defense has begun replacing the RSDN-10 ground-based long-range navigation radar systems with new Scorpion complexes. In case of war, these ground-based coordinate determination systems will replace space-based ones - GPS and GLONASS. The renewal program is designed until 2020 and began this year with three systems of the Transbaikal chain.
“During military operations, all satellite signals traveling through space will be actively jammed by so-called “white noise,” Yuri Kupin, a representative of the Russian Institute of Radio Navigation and Time, told Izvestia. — Russia, the USA and a number of other countries are armed with aircraft with special equipment that are capable of blocking the entire near-Earth radio space with noise. In such a situation, Scorpions are called upon to become a kind of backup to GLONASS.
The current long-range navigation systems were developed back in the 40-50s of the last century and partially performed the functions of determining coordinates (with an error of 150-800 m), which are now assigned to GLONASS and GPS. Now, due to the deterioration of the equipment and the complexity of maintenance, the RSDN-10s are practically not used, most of the stations have been destroyed. The replacement of ground-based systems is primarily due to the need to ensure national security in terms of radio navigation.
Scientific developments of past years were used in the creation of the new RSDN. "Scorpions" are capable of providing a larger coverage area (1 thousand km versus 600). In addition, RSDN-10 do not have LKKS - the so-called local control correction stations, which are located at a great distance, which does not allow radio waves to penetrate into the territory of a potential enemy and makes radio navigation systems invisible.
“The main “consumers” of these stations, which are in service with the air defense and air force forces, are also long-range aviation and the navy,” said Kupin. “They receive precise time signals and synchronize equipment through such networks.
“Scorpions”, unlike outdated stations, are capable of automatically maintaining the parameters of the emitted signal, can be controlled from a single remote control and are able to suppress residual radio pulses. The system's receivers can be installed on aviation, land, sea and river vehicles. Another advantage of Scorpions is the ability to synchronize stations with the GLONASS system, which significantly increases their efficiency.
“Crews of long-range aviation aircraft are never guided by data from only one system to determine their location,” former Air Force Commander-in-Chief Pyotr Deinekin told Izvestia. “We are always engaged in the comprehensive use of means of determining the exact location of an airship. There must also be an autonomous navigation system so that the crew does not depend on radio engineering and space equipment, which may be subject to interference. By the way, the question of navigation accuracy is one of the important problems of war and peace.
In addition to commissioning the latest radar developments, modernization of old systems is also planned. The Rosoboronpostavka agency ordered repair and restoration work on the RSDN-10 complexes and the RSDN-20 Alpha system. The modernization is carried out within the framework of the federal target program “Global Navigation Systems” and in accordance with the “Russian Radio Navigation Plan for 2008-2015”. About 50 million rubles have been allocated for these purposes from the budget of the Ministry of Defense.
The Scorpion will be commissioned in four stages. In 2013-2015, three systems of the Trans-Baikal chain will be replaced, in 2016-2017 - four systems of the North Caucasus chain, in 2017-2019 - four in the Far East, in 2019-2020 three systems of the South Ural chain will be replaced . In addition to new long-range navigation systems, the Russian army will be equipped with PPA-S/V noise-resistant aircraft receivers, operating on signals from GLONASS, GPS, the entire arsenal of ground-based RSDN and Scorpion.
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