Slide 2
How can you become infected with AIDS?
When using someone else's syringe, needle, or common container from which everyone takes the drug. When having sexual intercourse without a condom with a casual partner or an HIV+ person. Women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can infect their child during pregnancy, as well as during breastfeeding breastfeeding, however, this route of transmission can be prevented by promptly consulting a doctor and taking antiviral drugs.
Slide 3
How not to get infected with AIDS
- Through sweat, saliva, tears, cough. That is, through handshakes, hugs, kisses.
- Through insect bites. Through bed and underwear.
- Through shared utensils and food.
- Through common things: money, books, computer keyboard, household items, etc.
- Through water (when using a shared pool, bath, shower, toilet).
Slide 4
I'm ready to change everything in my life, just give me one more chance.
Slide 5
What should you do to avoid getting infected?
- avoid promiscuous sexual intercourse;
- When having sexual intercourse, always use a high quality condom;
- do not share needles or inkwells when tattooing;
- use only disposable needles and syringes;
- If infected blood, semen, or vaginal contents come into contact with injured areas of mucous membranes or skin, immediately treat with running water and consult a doctor.
Slide 6
Why do you need to know if you have HIV?
- to stop the disease in time and prevent the development of AIDS;
- to be more attentive to your health, because... Any disease caused by HIV infection is more severe and requires special treatment. This especially applies to STDs, hepatitis, tumors, tuberculosis, etc.
- so as not to infect your loved ones.
Slide 7
Where can I get an HIV test?
At any Center for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases. There are special rooms for anonymous HIV testing. Before and after the test, a specialist should speak with you to explain the test results and answer your questions.
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Slide captions:
The truth about AIDS Extracurricular event on a healthy lifestyle For students in grades 10-11.
On the threshold of millennia there comes a moment, When we are responsible for everything, turning over the years, The man who conquered the sky, inventing a miracle of technology, Having adopted bad habits, forgets about his health.
Questions for consideration: What is HIV infection and AIDS? What is the difference? How do these diseases develop? What can everyone do to prevent the spread of HIV infection?
World AIDS Day
Basic concepts: B - virus (tiny organism, microbe) I - immunodeficiency H - human
Basic concepts: S - syndrome (picture of the disease) P - acquired (obtained during infection) I - immuno- (immunity, protection against infections) D - deficiency (deficiency, insufficient quantity)
Today it is difficult to meet a person who has not heard about HIV and AIDS. Most, however, are confident that this problem does not concern them. For such confidence to be justified, in order to be able to reliably protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to know what HIV infection is today, in the 21st century.
Statistics The number of people living with HIV is 39.5 million (34.1-47.1 million), of which: - adults - 37.2 million (32.1-44.5 million); -women - 17.7 million (15.1-20.9 million); -children under 15 years old - 2.3 million (1.7-3.5 million). Of the total number of people infected, two thirds (63% - 24.7 million) of all adults and children with HIV in the world live in African countries. The Russian Federation and Ukraine account for about 90% of all HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where the use of contaminated injecting equipment for drug use remains the main route of HIV transmission (70%).
In Russia, the total number of infections documented since the beginning of the epidemic is almost 350,000. However, official data only counts people who have direct contact with the Russian HIV registration system. The actual number of people is estimated from 560 thousand to 1.6 million. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in 88 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. If the epidemic is not prevented, by 2020. in Russia there will be from 5 to 15 million. HIV-infected people. The majority of HIV-infected people (80%) are young people aged 15 to 30 years (20% are young people under the age of 20, about 60% are young people from 21 to 30 years old). The number of residents infected with HIV as a result of homo- and heterosexual contacts has increased almost 4 times. The number of children born to HIV-infected parents has increased.
Historical background The first reports of a mysterious deadly disease appeared in the United States in 1981. In 1983 French scientists under the leadership of Luc Montagnier isolated the virus from the lymph nodes of a sick man, and in 1984. American scientists led by Robert C. Gallo isolated the causative agent of the disease from the blood of patients. In 1985 The main routes of HIV transmission were studied and the first case of HIV/AIDS in the USSR was registered in a foreign citizen. In 1986 The name adopted is “human immunodeficiency virus”, HIV. In 1987 The first drug for the treatment of AIDS appeared and the first case of HIV infection was registered in a citizen of the USSR.
December 1, 1988 was declared World AIDS Day by the UN. 03/30/1995 Law of the Russian Federation No. 38 “On preventing the spread of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection) in the Russian Federation” was adopted. In 1995 began to use highly active antiretroviral therapy drugs, which allow the majority of HIV/AIDS patients to prolong life. In 1996 a joint UN AIDS program was created. 02/26/2001 The UN General Assembly adopted resolution 8 “Global crisis - global action”. In 2003 A plenary meeting of the 58th session of the UN General Assembly on HIV/AIDS took place.
The causative agent of HIV infection is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), one of the most dangerous viruses for humans. HIV belongs to the group of RNA-containing retroviruses of the lentivirus family.
HIV can be found in all biological fluids of the body, but its content in them varies. The concentration of the virus is very high and low in -blood, -saliva, -sperm, -tear fluid, -cerebrospinal fluid, -urine, -breast milk, -sweat, -vaginal secretions. -vomit.
HIV is not resistant to the external environment. It loses activity when heated to 56 degrees for 30 minutes. HIV dies when boiled after 1-3 minutes, as well as under the influence of disinfectants. At the same time, the virus is resistant to ultraviolet rays and ionizing radiation. When dried, HIV can persist for several hours or days. The source of infection is a sick person or a virus carrier.
HIV infects CD4 lymphocytes (T helper cells), CD8 lymphocytes and macrophages. Viral RNA, using the enzyme reversese, synthesizes DNA, which is integrated into the genetic apparatus of the cell, where it can be stored as a provirus for life. When the provirus is activated, an intensive accumulation of new viral particles occurs in the infected cell, which leads to the destruction of cells and the defeat of new ones. T-lymphocytes containing the virus cannot perform a helper function and stop synthesizing antibodies. There is a gradual destruction of the human immune system.
As a result of the virus entering the body, 1) the immune system is affected, the body becomes defenseless against pathogens of various infections that do not pose a danger to healthy people; 2) tumors develop; 3) the nervous system is almost always affected, which leads to disturbances in brain activity and the development of dementia.
Stages of development of HIV/AIDS 1) Incubation. 2) Stage of primary manifestations: -acute fever phase, -asymptomatic phase, -persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. 3) Stage of secondary changes. 4) Terminal stage.
Once HIV enters the body, an infected person develops a flu-like condition. It usually passes quickly, without causing any particular concern, since in the minds of the infected person it is not associated with HIV. Having HIV infection does not mean that you will immediately develop AIDS. Such a person is called a virus carrier. The virus can remain in the body of the virus carrier for ten years or more before the infected person exhibits clear symptoms of a fatal disease. During this period, the person may look normal and feel healthy. At the same time, he can unintentionally transmit HIV to others without knowing it.
AIDS is the final, fatal stage of HIV infection. The patient sharply loses weight (10% or more), suffers for months from elevated body temperature, severe night sweats, chronic fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, constant cough and intestinal upset. Eventually, a moment comes when the body’s resistance is finally lost, numerous diseases (pneumonia, cancer, infectious diseases) worsen and the person dies.
Routes of transmission of the virus Through blood Sexual From mother to fetus - through transfusion of infected blood; -for organ and tissue transplantation; -through infected medical instruments. -before, during and after childbirth; -during breastfeeding. Drug addicts who inject drugs with contaminated syringes and needles often become infected - sexual contact without using a condom
People who have sex with random or unknown partners without proper use of a condom are most at risk of becoming infected; using drugs or medicinal substances intravenously using unsterile syringes and needles; having sex with people who use intravenous drugs or with people who have multiple sexual partners; having other sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, herpes, etc.
It is impossible to become infected 1) by shaking hands, hugging and kissing, or talking; 2) when using the toilet, bathtub, door handles; 3) through dishes, household items, bed linen, money; 4) through tears, sweat, coughing and sneezing; 5) through cats and dogs. Blood-sucking insects, contrary to popular belief, cannot transmit HIV.
Diagnosis of HIV infection After HIV enters the body, antibodies begin to be produced to fight the virus, which are detected by a blood test (test) for HIV. Antibodies are detected only 3-6 months after infection. The period when the virus is already in the body, but antibodies to it have not yet been detected, is called the gray-negative window. During this time, the HIV-infected person's blood tests are negative for HIV. Reliable HIV test results can be obtained no earlier than 3 months after infection.
You should take an HIV test if there has been a risk of infection in a person’s life, when the person: had sex without a condom, was raped, shared a needle, injected drugs, got a tattoo or piercing, contracted an STI. The test will relieve unnecessary fear or allow you to get help in a timely manner. By law, HIV testing is voluntary. Test results are confidential and not subject to publicity. If you wish, you can take the test anonymously. In case of a positive HIV test, it should be taken again to avoid errors. HIV testing limits the spread of infection and allows timely treatment to begin, prolonging the lives of many people.
What to do if you receive a positive test result for HIV infection? Before or after an HIV test is done, your doctor may discuss it with you. Don't be afraid to ask him any questions if you don't understand something. It is important to understand that a positive HIV test result (ELISA) is not yet a diagnosis. This test result may be a false positive for various reasons. To confirm or refute the result of an HIV test, you need to come to the AIDS Center, go to the reception desk and undergo an examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Is it possible to be cured of HIV? Medicines that work against HIV are called antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. These drugs stop the development and reproduction of the virus and allow the immune system to recover. Currently, ARV therapy does not rid the body of HIV, but it significantly prolongs the life of a person with HIV. If antiretroviral therapy is started and resistance to the drugs used does not develop, the patient's life expectancy is 22.5 years.
HIV/AIDS is a life-threatening, incurable disease. Detection of HIV infection can often mean a change in the quality of life, and a loss of psychological and social independence. An infected person is a lifelong source of infection!
Measures to prevent the spread of HIV infection Providing information about the possibility and ways of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Promoting fidelity to one partner or reducing the number of sexual partners, as well as safe sexual relationships (use of condoms). Creating conditions for early detection and appropriate treatment of STIs, the presence of which increases the likelihood of HIV infection. The fight against drug addiction, complete abstinence from drugs. Ensuring the safety of medical procedures, as well as creating the necessary guarantees to ensure that generally accepted measures for the prevention of nosocomial infections are observed in all medical institutions.
Young people should know that the best way to avoid contracting HIV is to abstain from sex until they are adults and ready to start a family or have an informed, trusting relationship with partners.
Everyone has the right to choose their own style of behavior, type of sexual relationship, age of onset of sexual activity, but boys and girls must remember that early onset of sexual activity brings with it: - early pregnancy, - abortion, - infertility, - sexually transmitted diseases (hepatitis , chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea...), -forced marriages, -unfulfilled hopes and unfulfilled plans, -interruption of further education. Is it worth the risk?
The red ribbon has become a symbol of the fight against AIDS. This symbol was proposed by American artist Frank Moore in 1991. A red ribbon is pinned to clothing. The more people wear a red ribbon, the more heard will be the voice of those who demand attention to the problem of AIDS.
Let's check ourselves: Risky or safe? 1. Friendly kissing. 12. Visit the pool together. 2.Have sexual intercourse. 13.Kiss on the lips. 3.Eat food at 14.Quench thirst from a common table. drinking fountain. 4.Sleep in the same room. 15. Cough and sneeze in the same room 5. Shake hands. room. 6.Help in treating wounds. 16.Use someone else's razor. 7.Sit at the same desk. 17. Read the same book. 8. Give for temporary use 18. Use a shared toilet pen or pencil. room. 9.Use someone else's toothbrush. 19.Play in the same sports 10.Ride in the same bus. team. 11. Swim in the same river. 20.Being bitten by an HIV patient
Internet resources: http://www.calend.ru/holidays/0/0/112/ http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_AIDS_Day http://www.chasingthefrog.com/speedracer-t-shirts. php http://www.archvis.ru/portfolio/medical/aids/ http://www.herpes.ru/venera/dis/vich.htm
1 slide
Routes of transmission of the virus Through blood Sexual From mother to fetus - through transfusion of infected blood; -for organ and tissue transplantation; -through infected medical instruments. -before, during and after childbirth; -during breastfeeding. Drug addicts who inject drugs with contaminated syringes and needles often become infected - sexual contact without using a condom
2 slide
AIDS is the final, fatal stage of HIV infection. The patient sharply loses weight (10% or more), suffers for months from elevated body temperature, severe night sweats, chronic fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, constant cough and intestinal upset. Eventually, a moment comes when the body’s resistance is finally lost, numerous diseases (pneumonia, cancer, infectious diseases) worsen and the person dies.
3 slide
Once HIV enters the body, an infected person develops a flu-like condition. It usually passes quickly, without causing any particular concern, since in the minds of the infected person it is not associated with HIV. Having HIV infection does not mean that you will immediately develop AIDS. Such a person is called a virus carrier. The virus can remain in the body of the virus carrier for ten years or more before the infected person exhibits clear symptoms of a fatal disease. During this period, the person may look normal and feel healthy. At the same time, he can unintentionally transmit HIV to others without knowing it.
4 slide
Stages of development of HIV/AIDS 1) Incubation. 2) Stage of primary manifestations: -acute fever phase, -asymptomatic phase, -persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. 3) Stage of secondary changes. 4) Terminal stage.
5 slide
As a result of the virus entering the body, 1) the immune system is affected, the body becomes defenseless against pathogens of various infections that do not pose a danger to healthy people; 2) tumors develop; 3) the nervous system is almost always affected, which leads to disturbances in brain activity and the development of dementia.
6 slide
You should take an HIV test if there has been a risk of infection in a person’s life, when the person: had sex without a condom, was raped, shared a needle, injected drugs, got a tattoo or piercing, contracted an STI. The test will relieve unnecessary fear or allow you to get help in a timely manner. By law, HIV testing is voluntary. Test results are confidential and not subject to publicity. If you wish, you can take the test anonymously. In case of a positive HIV test, it should be taken again to avoid errors. HIV testing limits the spread of infection and allows timely treatment to begin, prolonging the lives of many people.
7 slide
Diagnosis of HIV infection After HIV enters the body, antibodies begin to be produced to fight the virus, which are detected by a blood test (test) for HIV. Antibodies are detected only 3-6 months after infection. The period when the virus is already in the body, but antibodies to it have not yet been detected, is called the gray-negative window. During this time, the HIV-infected person's blood tests are negative for HIV. Reliable HIV test results can be obtained no earlier than 3 months after infection.
8 slide
It is impossible to become infected 1) by shaking hands, hugging and kissing, or talking; 2) when using the toilet, bathtub, door handles; 3) through dishes, household items, bed linen, money; 4) through tears, sweat, coughing and sneezing; 5) through cats and dogs. Blood-sucking insects, contrary to popular belief, cannot transmit HIV.
Slide 9
People who have sex with random or unknown partners without proper use of a condom are most at risk of becoming infected; using drugs or medicinal substances intravenously using unsterile syringes and needles; having sex with people who use intravenous drugs or with people who have multiple sexual partners; having other sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, herpes, etc.
10 slide
Measures to prevent the spread of HIV infection Providing information about the possibility and ways of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Promoting fidelity to one partner or reducing the number of sexual partners, as well as safe sexual relationships (use of condoms). Creating conditions for early detection and appropriate treatment of STIs, the presence of which increases the likelihood of HIV infection. The fight against drug addiction, complete abstinence from drugs. Ensuring the safety of medical procedures, as well as creating the necessary guarantees to ensure that generally accepted measures for the prevention of nosocomial infections are observed in all medical institutions.
11 slide
HIV/AIDS is a life-threatening, incurable disease. Detection of HIV infection can often mean a change in the quality of life, and a loss of psychological and social independence. An infected person is a lifelong source of infection!
12 slide
Is it possible to be cured of HIV? Medicines that work against HIV are called antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. These drugs stop the development and reproduction of the virus and allow the immune system to recover. Currently, ARV therapy does not rid the body of HIV, but it significantly prolongs the life of a person with HIV. If antiretroviral therapy is started and resistance to the drugs used does not develop, the patient's life expectancy is 22.5 years.
Slide 13
What to do if you receive a positive test result for HIV infection? Before or after an HIV test is done, your doctor may discuss it with you. Don't be afraid to ask him any questions if you don't understand something. It is important to understand that a positive HIV test result (ELISA) is not yet a diagnosis. This test result may be a false positive for various reasons. To confirm or refute the result of an HIV test, you need to come to the AIDS Center, go to the reception desk and undergo an examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Slide 14
HIV infects CD4 lymphocytes (T helper cells), CD8 lymphocytes and macrophages. Viral RNA, using the enzyme reversese, synthesizes DNA, which is integrated into the genetic apparatus of the cell, where it can be stored as a provirus for life. When the provirus is activated, an intensive accumulation of new viral particles occurs in the infected cell, which leads to the destruction of cells and the defeat of new ones. T-lymphocytes containing the virus cannot perform a helper function and stop synthesizing antibodies. There is a gradual destruction of the human immune system.
15 slide
HIV is not resistant to the external environment. It loses activity when heated to 56 degrees for 30 minutes. HIV dies when boiled after 1-3 minutes, as well as under the influence of disinfectants. At the same time, the virus is resistant to ultraviolet rays and ionizing radiation. When dried, HIV can persist for several hours or days. The source of infection is a sick person or a virus carrier.
16 slide
The causative agent of HIV infection is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), one of the most dangerous viruses for humans. HIV belongs to the group of RNA-containing retroviruses of the lentivirus family.
Slide 17
HIV can be found in all biological fluids of the body, but its content in them varies. The concentration of the virus is very high and low in -blood, -saliva, -sperm, -tear fluid, -cerebrospinal fluid, -urine, -breast milk, -sweat, -vaginal secretions. -vomit.
18 slide
December 1, 1988 was declared World AIDS Day by the UN. 03/30/1995 Law of the Russian Federation No. 38 “On preventing the spread of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection) in the Russian Federation” was adopted. In 1995 began to use highly active antiretroviral therapy drugs, which allow the majority of HIV/AIDS patients to prolong life. In 1996 a joint UN AIDS program was created. 02/26/2001 The UN General Assembly adopted resolution 8 “Global crisis - global action”. In 2003 A plenary meeting of the 58th session of the UN General Assembly on HIV/AIDS took place.
Slide 19
Historical background The first reports of a mysterious deadly disease appeared in the United States in 1981. In 1983 French scientists under the leadership of Luc Montagnier isolated the virus from the lymph nodes of a sick man, and in 1984. American scientists led by Robert C. Gallo isolated the causative agent of the disease from the blood of patients. In 1985 The main routes of HIV transmission were studied and the first case of HIV/AIDS in the USSR was registered in a foreign citizen. In 1986 The name adopted is “human immunodeficiency virus”, HIV. In 1987 The first drug for the treatment of AIDS appeared and the first case of HIV infection was registered in a citizen of the USSR.
20 slide
Today it is difficult to meet a person who has not heard about HIV and AIDS. Most, however, are confident that this problem does not concern them. For such confidence to be justified, in order to be able to reliably protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to know what HIV infection is today, in the 21st century.
21 slides
Statistics The number of people living with HIV is 39.5 million (34.1-47.1 million), of which: - adults - 37.2 million (32.1-44.5 million); -women - 17.7 million (15.1-20.9 million); -children under 15 years old - 2.3 million (1.7-3.5 million). Of the total number of people infected, two thirds (63% - 24.7 million) of all adults and children with HIV in the world live in African countries. The Russian Federation and Ukraine account for about 90% of all HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where the use of contaminated injecting equipment for drug use remains the main route of HIV transmission (70%).
22 slide
In Russia, the total number of infections documented since the beginning of the epidemic is almost 350,000. However, official data only counts people who have direct contact with the Russian HIV registration system. The actual number of people is estimated from 560 thousand to 1.6 million. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in 88 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. If the epidemic is not prevented, by 2020. in Russia there will be from 5 to 15 million. HIV-infected people. The majority of HIV-infected people (80%) are young people aged 15 to 30 years (20% are young people under the age of 20, about 60% are young people from 21 to 30 years old). The number of residents infected with HIV as a result of homo- and heterosexual contacts has increased almost 4 times. The number of children born to HIV-infected parents has increased.
Slide 23
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Basic concepts: B - virus (tiny organism, microbe) I - immunodeficiency H - human
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The presentation on the topic “The Truth about AIDS” (grade 11) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Biology. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 33 slide(s).
Presentation slides
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Questions for consideration:
What is HIV infection and AIDS? What is the difference? How do these diseases develop? What can everyone do to prevent the spread of HIV infection?
Slide 4
Slide 5
Basic concepts:
B - virus (tiny organism, microbe) I - immunodeficiency - human
Slide 6
Slide 7
Today it is difficult to meet a person who has not heard about HIV and AIDS. Most, however, are confident that this problem does not concern them. For such confidence to be justified, in order to be able to reliably protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to know what HIV infection is today, in the 21st century.
Slide 8
Statistics
The number of people living with HIV is 39.5 million (34.1-47.1 million), of which: - adults - 37.2 million (32.1-44.5 million); -women - 17.7 million (15.1-20.9 million); -children under 15 years old - 2.3 million (1.7-3.5 million). Of the total number of people infected, two thirds (63% - 24.7 million) of all adults and children with HIV in the world live in African countries. The Russian Federation and Ukraine account for about 90% of all HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where the use of contaminated injecting equipment for drug use remains the main route of HIV transmission (70%).
Slide 9
In Russia, the total number of infections documented since the beginning of the epidemic is almost 350,000. However, official data only counts people who have direct contact with the Russian HIV registration system. The actual number of people is estimated from 560 thousand to 1.6 million. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in 88 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. If the epidemic is not prevented, by 2020. in Russia there will be from 5 to 15 million. HIV-infected people. The majority of HIV-infected people (80%) are young people aged 15 to 30 years (20% are young people under the age of 20, about 60% are young people from 21 to 30 years old). The number of residents infected with HIV as a result of homo- and heterosexual contacts has increased almost 4 times. The number of children born to HIV-infected parents has increased.
Slide 10
Historical reference
The first reports of a mysterious deadly disease appeared in the United States in 1981. In 1983 French scientists under the leadership of Luc Montagnier isolated the virus from the lymph nodes of a sick man, and in 1984. American scientists led by Robert C. Gallo isolated the causative agent of the disease from the blood of patients. In 1985 The main routes of HIV transmission were studied and the first case of HIV/AIDS in the USSR was registered in a foreign citizen. In 1986 The name adopted is “human immunodeficiency virus”, HIV. In 1987 The first drug for the treatment of AIDS appeared and the first case of HIV infection was registered in a citizen of the USSR.
Slide 11
December 1, 1988 was declared World AIDS Day by the UN. 03/30/1995 Law of the Russian Federation No. 38 “On preventing the spread of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection) in the Russian Federation” was adopted. In 1995 began to use highly active antiretroviral therapy drugs, which allow the majority of HIV/AIDS patients to prolong life. In 1996 a joint UN AIDS program was created. 02/26/2001 The UN General Assembly adopted resolution 8 “Global crisis - global action”. In 2003 A plenary meeting of the 58th session of the UN General Assembly on HIV/AIDS took place.
Slide 12
The causative agent of HIV infection is
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the most dangerous viruses for humans. HIV belongs to the group of RNA-containing retroviruses of the lentivirus family.
Slide 13
Slide 14
HIV is not resistant to the external environment. It loses activity when heated to 56 degrees for 30 minutes. HIV dies when boiled after 1-3 minutes, as well as under the influence of disinfectants. At the same time, the virus is resistant to ultraviolet rays and ionizing radiation. When dried, HIV can persist for several hours or days. The source of infection is a sick person or a virus carrier.
Slide 15
HIV affects CD4 lymphocytes (T helper cells), CD8 lymphocytes and macrophages
Viral RNA, using the enzyme reversese, synthesizes DNA, which is integrated into the genetic apparatus of the cell, where it can be stored as a provirus for life. When the provirus is activated, an intensive accumulation of new viral particles occurs in the infected cell, which leads to the destruction of cells and the defeat of new ones. T-lymphocytes containing the virus cannot perform a helper function and stop synthesizing antibodies. There is a gradual destruction of the human immune system.
Slide 16
As a result of the virus entering the body
1) the immune system is affected, the body becomes defenseless against pathogens of various infections, which do not pose a danger to healthy people; 2) tumors develop; 3) the nervous system is almost always affected, which leads to disturbances in brain activity and the development of dementia.
Slide 17
Stages of development of HIV/AIDS
1) Incubation. 2) Stage of primary manifestations: -acute fever phase, -asymptomatic phase, -persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. 3) Stage of secondary changes. 4) Terminal stage.
Slide 18
Once HIV enters the body, an infected person develops a flu-like condition. It usually passes quickly, without causing any particular concern, since in the minds of the infected person it is not associated with HIV. Having HIV infection does not mean that you will immediately develop AIDS. Such a person is called a virus carrier. The virus can remain in the body of the virus carrier for ten years or more before the infected person exhibits clear symptoms of a fatal disease. During this period, the person may look normal and feel healthy. At the same time, he can unintentionally transmit HIV to others without knowing it.
Slide 19
AIDS is the final, fatal stage of HIV infection. The patient sharply loses weight (10% or more), suffers for months from elevated body temperature, severe night sweats, chronic fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, constant cough and intestinal upset. Eventually, a moment comes when the body’s resistance is finally lost, numerous diseases (pneumonia, cancer, infectious diseases) worsen and the person dies.
Slide 20
Routes of transmission of the virus
Through blood Sexual From mother to fetus
In case of transfusion of infected blood; -for organ and tissue transplantation; -through infected medical instruments.
Before, during and after childbirth; -during breastfeeding.
Drug addicts who inject drugs with contaminated syringes and needles often become infected.
Sexual contact without using a condom
Slide 21
People are most at risk of becoming infected
having sex with random or unknown partners without using a condom correctly; using drugs or medicinal substances intravenously using unsterile syringes and needles; having sex with people who use intravenous drugs or with people who have multiple sexual partners; having other sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, herpes, etc.
Slide 22
It is impossible to get infected
1) when shaking hands, hugging and kissing, talking; 2) when using the toilet, bathtub, door handles; 3) through dishes, household items, bed linen, money; 4) through tears, sweat, coughing and sneezing; 5) through cats and dogs.
Blood-sucking insects, contrary to popular belief, cannot transmit HIV.
Slide 23
Diagnosis of HIV infection
After HIV enters the body, antibodies begin to be produced to fight the virus, which are detected by a blood test (test) for HIV. Antibodies are detected only 3-6 months after infection. The period when the virus is already in the body, but antibodies to it have not yet been detected, is called the gray-negative window. During this time, the HIV-infected person's blood tests are negative for HIV. Reliable HIV test results can be obtained no earlier than 3 months after infection.
Slide 24
You should take an HIV test if there has been a risk of infection in a person’s life, when the person:
had sex without a condom, been raped, shared a needle, injected drugs, got a tattoo or piercing, contracted an STI. The test will relieve unnecessary fear or allow you to get help in a timely manner. By law, HIV testing is voluntary. Test results are confidential and not subject to publicity. If you wish, you can take the test anonymously. In case of a positive HIV test, it should be taken again to avoid errors. HIV testing limits the spread of infection and allows timely treatment to begin, prolonging the lives of many people.
Slide 25
What to do if you receive a positive test result for HIV infection?
Before or after an HIV test is done, your doctor may discuss it with you. Don't be afraid to ask him any questions if you don't understand something. It is important to understand that a positive HIV test result (ELISA) is not yet a diagnosis. This test result may be a false positive for various reasons. To confirm or refute the result of an HIV test, you need to come to the AIDS Center, go to the reception desk and undergo an examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Slide 26
Is it possible to be cured of HIV?
Medicines that work against HIV are called antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. These drugs stop the development and reproduction of the virus and allow the immune system to recover. Currently, ARV therapy does not rid the body of HIV, but it significantly prolongs the life of a person with HIV. If antiretroviral therapy is started and resistance to the drugs used does not develop, the patient's life expectancy is 22.5 years.
Slide 27
Slide 28
Measures to prevent the spread of HIV infection
Providing information about the possibility and ways of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Promoting fidelity to one partner or reducing the number of sexual partners, as well as safe sexual relationships (use of condoms). Creating conditions for early detection and appropriate treatment of STIs, the presence of which increases the likelihood of HIV infection. The fight against drug addiction, complete abstinence from drugs. Ensuring the safety of medical procedures, as well as creating the necessary guarantees to ensure that generally accepted measures for the prevention of nosocomial infections are observed in all medical institutions.
Slide 29
Young people need to know
that the best way to avoid contracting HIV is to abstain from sex until they are adults and ready to start a family or have an informed and trusting relationship with partners.
Slide 30
Everyone has the right to choose
their style of behavior, type of sexual relationship, age of onset of sexual activity, but boys and girls must remember that early onset of sexual activity brings with it: - early pregnancy, - abortion, - infertility, - sexually transmitted diseases (hepatitis, chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea...), -forced marriages, -unfulfilled hopes and unfulfilled plans, -interruption of further education. Is it worth the risk?
Slide 31
Slide 32
Let's check ourselves: Risky or safe?
1. Friendly kissing. 12. Visit the pool together. 2.Have sexual intercourse. 13.Kiss on the lips. 3.Eat food at 14.Quench thirst from a common table. drinking fountain. 4.Sleep in the same room. 15. Cough and sneeze in the same room 5. Shake hands. room. 6.Help in treating wounds. 16.Use someone else's razor. 7.Sit at the same desk. 17. Read the same book. 8. Give for temporary use 18. Use a shared toilet pen or pencil. room. 9.Use someone else's toothbrush. 19.Play in the same sports 10.Ride in the same bus. team. 11. Swim in the same river. 20.Being bitten by an HIV patient
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Slide captions:
The truth about AIDS A person without moral principles turns out to be the most wicked and savage creature, unchanged in his sexual and taste instincts. Aristotle
Today it is difficult to meet a person who has not heard about HIV and AIDS. Most, however, are confident that this problem does not concern them. For such confidence to be justified, in order to be able to reliably protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to know what HIV infection is today, in the 21st century.
Statistics The number of people living with HIV is 39.5 million (34.1-47.1 million), of which: - adults - 37.2 million (32.1-44.5 million); -women - 17.7 million (15.1-20.9 million); -children under 15 years old - 2.3 million (1.7-3.5 million). Of the total number of people infected, two thirds (63% - 24.7 million) of all adults and children with HIV in the world live in African countries. The Russian Federation and Ukraine account for about 90% of all HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where the use of contaminated injecting equipment for drug use remains the main route of HIV transmission (70%).
In Russia, the total number of infections documented since the beginning of the epidemic is almost 350,000. However, official data only counts people who have direct contact with the Russian HIV registration system. The actual number of people is estimated from 560 thousand to 1.6 million. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in 88 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. If the epidemic is not prevented, by 2020. in Russia there will be from 5 to 15 million. HIV-infected people. The majority of HIV-infected people (80%) are young people aged 15 to 30 years (20% are young people under the age of 20, about 60% are young people from 21 to 30 years old). The number of residents infected with HIV as a result of homo- and heterosexual contacts has increased almost 4 times. The number of children born to HIV-infected parents has increased.
The causative agent of HIV infection is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), one of the most dangerous viruses for humans. HIV belongs to the group of RNA-containing retroviruses of the lentivirus family.
HIV can be found in all biological fluids of the body, but its content in them varies. The concentration of the virus is very high and low in -blood, -saliva, -sperm, -tear fluid, -cerebrospinal fluid, -urine, -breast milk, -sweat, -vaginal secretions. -vomit.
HIV is not resistant to the external environment. It loses activity when heated to 56 degrees for 30 minutes. HIV dies when boiled after 1-3 minutes, as well as under the influence of disinfectants. At the same time, the virus is resistant to ultraviolet rays and ionizing radiation. When dried, HIV can persist for several hours or days. The source of infection is a sick person or a virus carrier.
HIV infects CD4 lymphocytes (T helper cells), CD8 lymphocytes and macrophages. Viral RNA, using the enzyme reversese, synthesizes DNA, which is integrated into the genetic apparatus of the cell, where it can be stored as a provirus for life. When the provirus is activated, an intensive accumulation of new viral particles occurs in the infected cell, which leads to the destruction of cells and the defeat of new ones. T-lymphocytes containing the virus cannot perform a helper function and stop synthesizing antibodies. There is a gradual destruction of the human immune system.
As a result of the virus entering the body, 1) the immune system is affected, the body becomes defenseless against pathogens of various infections that do not pose a danger to healthy people; 2) tumors develop; 3) the nervous system is almost always affected, which leads to disturbances in brain activity and the development of dementia.
Stages of development of HIV/AIDS 1) Incubation. 2) Stage of primary manifestations: -acute fever phase, -asymptomatic phase, -persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. 3) Stage of secondary changes. 4) Terminal stage.
Once HIV enters the body, an infected person develops a flu-like condition. It usually passes quickly, without causing any particular concern, since in the minds of the infected person it is not associated with HIV. Having HIV infection does not mean that you will immediately develop AIDS. Such a person is called a virus carrier. The virus can remain in the body of the virus carrier for ten years or more before the infected person exhibits clear symptoms of a fatal disease. During this period, the person may look normal and feel healthy. At the same time, he can unintentionally transmit HIV to others without knowing it.
AIDS is the final, fatal stage of HIV infection. The patient sharply loses weight (10% or more), suffers for months from elevated body temperature, severe night sweats, chronic fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, constant cough and intestinal upset. Eventually, a moment comes when the body’s resistance is finally lost, numerous diseases (pneumonia, cancer, infectious diseases) worsen and the person dies.
People who have sex with random or unknown partners without proper use of a condom are most at risk of becoming infected; using drugs or medicinal substances intravenously using unsterile syringes and needles; having sex with people who use intravenous drugs or with people who have multiple sexual partners; having other sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, herpes, etc.
Vocational Lyceum 75
Training in 1st year groups
Questions about AIDS
Diagnosis of HIV infection After HIV enters the body, antibodies begin to be produced to fight the virus, which are detected by a blood test (test) for HIV. Antibodies are detected only 3-6 months after infection. The period when the virus is already in the body, but antibodies to it have not yet been detected, is called the gray-negative window. During this time, the HIV-infected person's blood tests are negative for HIV. Reliable HIV test results can be obtained no earlier than 3 months after infection.
You should take an HIV test if there has been a risk of infection in a person’s life, when the person had sex without a condom, was raped, shared a needle, injected drugs, got a tattoo or piercing, or contracted an STI. The test will relieve unnecessary fear or allow you to get help in a timely manner. By law, HIV testing is voluntary. Test results are confidential and not subject to publicity. If you wish, you can take the test anonymously. In case of a positive HIV test, it should be taken again to avoid errors. HIV testing limits the spread of infection and allows timely treatment to begin, prolonging the lives of many people.
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