1. Environmental problems of humanity
The main global environmental problems of our time are:
A) Extinction of plant and animal species.
B) Greenhouse effect caused by industrial emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect then causes global warming on the planet - its average temperature rises, mountain glaciers melt, and the level of the World Ocean rises. There is flooding of coastal areas and destructive, catastrophic floods.
C) Pollution of the environment with industrial and household waste and the destruction of the Earth's protective ozone layer. Metallurgical and chemical plants, however, like other plants and factories in Russia, emit a lot of extremely harmful substances into the atmosphere, rivers and lakes. The soil may become radioactively contaminated; soot, resins, caustic sulfur oxide from coke production, extremely harmful nitrogen oxide, lead and other substances enter the air and water. Fish in the waters, plants and animals are dying, the population is suffocating.
Chemical vapors and fumes destroy the ozone layer above the planet, as a result of which merciless and harmful rays from space enter the atmosphere. They can cause serious human diseases, including skin cancer, and genetic mutations.
D) It is also important to mention the problem of quality fresh water, soil erosion becoming infertile, the onset of deserts on vegetation, which is often a consequence of deforestation. The “lungs of the planet” - the huge equatorial forests of the Amazon River valleys - are suffering. Their disappearance could be a disaster for the entire population of the Earth.
2. Environmental problems of Russia and cities
Russia's environmental problems, in principle, replicate global environmental problems. The problem of industrial pollution and the extinction of species, especially animals, and the decline in fish stocks is a serious problem.
The problem of ozone holes and the greenhouse effect is not acute in Russia; the country is also rich in fresh water resources. Australia, where the colossal Antarctic ozone hole is approaching and where there are insufficient supplies of drinking water, suffers more from such problems, India and Bangladesh, which are flooded by catastrophically rising waters.
And here issue of recycling plastic waste stands in Russia as a problem and in the most acute way. Burning plastic waste and polythene is a terrible phenomenon that pollutes the atmosphere in a terrible way, much more than burning paper or wood. It is important to remember that it is better to take plastic waste from a picnic to a landfill than to burn it in a fire, thereby poisoning yourself and those nearby.
Uncontrolled deforestation– “lungs of the planet”, especially Siberian ones, and its sale. Loggers and poachers leave behind a desert. In the cold climate of Siberia, it takes several centuries to restore the ecological system of the forest, its world of plants and animals! It is important to remember - forests are the lungs of Russia! They are the guarantee of clean air for us and our loved ones, they give us phytoncides that protect us from diseases
I live in the Ural region, in the city of Yekaterinburg, which is a large industrial center of the country. We are one and a half million people, and the city is the fourth largest in Russia by population. The city, alas, is heavily polluted by waste from metallurgical plants, metalworking production, the chemical industry, and mechanical engineering. Of course, compared to the pollution in, for example, China, our situation is noticeably better. According to statistics, the air in the city is mainly spoiled by cars.
Residents of our city are suffering from constant noise and hum of city life, toxic car exhausts, and other vehicles. This disrupts sleep, reduces hearing, and makes it impossible to open windows and ventilate apartments in houses on busy highways. In cities, it is necessary to monitor compliance with noise levels and maximum vehicle emissions standards, and punish faulty car engines.
An important issue of nature conservation in the Urals around Yekaterinburg is also conservation of local forests and swamps in the north: a storehouse of pure water, mushrooms and berries, the patrimony of hunters and farmers. It is necessary to strictly punish industrialists for discharging poisoned waters and dumping waste into clean Ural rivers and swamps.
A path runs from a hillock.
Here is a forest, here is a meadow, and here is a river.
The path leads me
To my native Sukhotinka.
My dear native village from childhood! Tall pines and ancient oaks, white-trunked birches and aspens trembling in the wind. A fast river carrying its waters, green meadows and fields. Native spaces... How good it is here at any time of the year! The forest that surrounds our village is especially beautiful. In spring, nature awakens from winter sleep. The first young grass is emerging, buds are swelling on the trees, and snowdrops are blooming. Day after day the sun warms up. The forest is filled with new sounds and colors. In the evenings, the air is filled with the aroma of blooming bird cherry trees, and the trills of a nightingale can be heard.
On a hot day in summer, the forest attracts with its coolness, ripe strawberries, and fragrant raspberries. How nice it is to take a basket and go mushroom hunting. Strong boletus, elastic boletus, colorful russula.
In autumn, nature does not spare colorful colors and everything around is dressed in “crimson and gold”. Fallen leaves rustle underfoot, clusters of ripe rowan turn red.
In winter, majestic pines stand in white caps. Everything is covered with fluffy snow and silence...
But among this beauty, traces of human activity are visible everywhere. Mountains of garbage, felled trees, scorched earth.
At all times, the forest has been the pride of Russia. Poets and artists admired its beauty. And today, more and more often, instead of the hubbub of birds, you can hear the sound of saws and falling trees in the forest. And now, in place of an oak grove or birch grove, there are stumps and mountains of twigs. We don’t think about the fact that many decades must pass for an oak tree to grow. But the forest is also the habitat of many animals. And by destroying their natural habitat, we are destroying forest dwellers.
And how much trouble forest fires bring! And they happen most often due to human fault. An unextinguished fire, an abandoned cigarette andand in a few minutes the fire destroys what has been growing for many years. And only ashes rise underfoot, and the burnt trunks turn black. Soon there will be greenery in this place, trees, berries, and mushrooms will grow. It won’t be long before animals, birds, and insects settle here.
Even if we go to the forest to relax, we still leave traces of our presence. Plastic bags and bottles, beer cans, wrappers. All this has been lying on the ground for years.
How often do we talk about loving nature, but we don’t know how to behave. When we come to a forest clearing, we turn on loud music, make noise, and enjoy the good weather. It’s good for us, but the forest inhabitants have a hard time. The birds get scared and leave their nests, the animals run away.
How many flowers can be found in the forest in spring and summer! And admiring them, we try to bring home huge bouquets. And we don’t even think about the fact that many of them are listed in the Red Book.
Flowers disappear on the ground
Every year this is more noticeable
Less joy and beauty
Leaves it to us every summer.
Revelation of meadow flowers
It was hardly clear to us.
We trampled them carelessly
And madly, mercilessly tore,
The mad “Stop” was silent in us
It seemed to us that everything was not enough, everything was not enough.
And then in the city crowd.
We dragged armfuls of them tiredly.
And we didn’t see how from under our feet
Silently, barely breathing,
The cornflower looked doomedly,
The carnations looked hopeless.
Evgeny Karasev.
We have a tradition - to dress up a forest beauty for the New Year. We, despite all the prohibitions, bring a beautiful Christmas tree from the forest, decorate it with colorful balls and garlands. But the holiday ends and we throw hundreds of Christmas trees out of our apartments. But you can buy an artificial spruce and use it for many years.
We call the forest a “green friend”, the “lungs” of our planet. And indeed it is. The forest gives us valuable raw materials, oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide and cleans the air of dust, harmful impurities and gases. Let us also treat him as a friend. Let's not leave behind garbage, make noise, light fires or cut down trees. Let's take care of the forest and then it will continue to delight us at any time of the year!
The forest is a kind, huge giant,
Giver of many wonderful miracles.
So show your intelligence and talent,
To protect this fabulous forest!
Dear friends! Today I would like to talk to you about a very important problem in our life - environmental. It's no secret that the environmental situation in our country is very difficult, it is getting worse every year. Now, when nuclear power plants explode, when gasoline flows through rivers and clean reservoirs turn into black dirty ribbons, when entire forests disappear, we must, simply must, think and ask ourselves the question: “What will remain on our planet? Will our grandchildren be able to go into the forest to pick mushrooms and berries? Will they be able to swim in the river on a sunny day and then hide in the shade of a birch grove?” I want to draw your attention to the environmental problems of our village of Pyatovsk. Let's walk through the streets and alleys. Tell me, haven’t you noticed a huge puddle near the 18-apartment building? It formed six months ago due to a water pipe break, flooded all the basements, and creates dirt, which is already enough. In the courtyard of this house there is a constant terrible stench coming from the sewer system and poisoning all living things. Now let’s take a look at the park, which is located opposite the house. In the summer it is overgrown with weeds, and in the spring it is littered with garbage: plastic bottles, cookie and candy wrappers, plastic bags. And look - how many unauthorized garbage dumps there are in such a small area! We counted - there are about 20 of them! But they attract crows and pigeons - carriers of infection; rotting waste is a medium for the development of pathogenic microorganisms; Wire, boards and pipes may cause injury. There may be toxic substances and carcinogens here. Remember: landfills cause soil, air and water pollution! We have a beautiful country of People, I’m afraid it would not become a land of Waste. And when you walk or drive to Vishnevsk, be careful - you can fall into an old silo filled with who knows what. You can drown in it and no one will ever find you. Now let's take a closer look at the Dnieper Grove. More recently, it was a place of meetings and celebrations. But a year ago a strong windfall passed through, knocked down old trees, and blocked all the passages and exits. This is a terrible sight: to pass, you have to be a good athlete. But only pensioners live in Dneprovka. I can’t help but say about Yankovskoye Lake. It was overgrown and covered with duckweed. Previously, there were carp and crucian carps here, which delighted avid fishermen. Fishermen from all over the region came here. This is just a small part of what we found out. I would like to ask the question: “Where did it all go? Why is this happening? Who is guilty? And most importantly, how to change this situation?” Friends! Listen to what I said. And in order to change the situation, to save the earth from destruction, each of us needs to understand that the earth is our home, our temple, for which we are responsible. And everyone must put in order the corner around them, their home, their street. Remember: big things begin with small things. MBOU "Pyatovskaya Secondary School" Essay "Ecological problem of the native land" Lebedeva V.I. Teacher of Russian language and literature 2017
Ecology and us
Protection and rational use of flora and fauna.
Completed by: student
9th grade MOUOO
schools in the village of Yusupovo
Tagirova Fluza
Head: teacher
Russian language MOUOO
Schools in Yusupovo
Nigamaeva E.A.
Plan
1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.
2. Flora and plant resources.
3. Relationship between flora and fauna.
4. Take care of nature!
Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.
For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.
The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.
Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.
Among the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.
Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world has been significantly depleted by humans. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long disappeared. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.
Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.
1. Three reserves have been created - the Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and South Ural. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.
2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants have been organized. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.
3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - shelterbelt forests are being created, forests are being planted, work is being done to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.
4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.
5. Many animals have been taken under protection, such as brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.
6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.
7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.
There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.
All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me.”
Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.
Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.
But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...
How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental awareness and respect for nature? This is a difficult task. It is not so easy to develop environmental habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.
What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?
Students should receive answers to questions: why you shouldn’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you shouldn’t break tree branches, etc.
Dear guys and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most pressing issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).
We present to your attention speeches on the topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Environmental problems of our region, Protection of the ecological environment is everyone’s business.
Literature
1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"
Page 4-5.
2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Pages 41-43.
Ecology and us
Protection and rational use of flora and fauna.
Completed by: student
9th grade MOUOO
schools in the village of Yusupovo
Tagirova Fluza
Head: teacher
Russian language MOUOO
Schools in Yusupovo
Nigamaeva E.A.
Plan
1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.
2. Flora and plant resources.
3. Relationship between flora and fauna.
4. Take care of nature!
Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.
For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.
The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.
Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.
Among the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.
Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world has been significantly depleted by humans. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long disappeared. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.
Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.
1. Three reserves have been created - the Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and South Ural. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.
2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants have been organized. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.
3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - shelterbelt forests are being created, forests are being planted, work is being done to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.
4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.
5. Many animals have been taken under protection, such as brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.
6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.
7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.
There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.
All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me?”
Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.
Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.
But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...
How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental awareness and respect for nature? This is a difficult task. It is not so easy to develop environmental habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.
What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?
Students should receive answers to questions: why you shouldn’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you shouldn’t break tree branches, etc.
Dear guys and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most pressing issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).
We present to your attention speeches on the topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Environmental problems of our region, Protection of the ecological environment is everyone’s business.
Literature
1. V.N. Kuznetsov. “Ecology of Russia” Reader. JSC "MDS"
Page 4-5.
2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Pages 41-43.
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