- Amur tiger
- The Amur tiger is currently the largest representative of the cat family. It is very rare in nature, and more individuals live in zoos than in the wild.
- The Amur tiger is a Far Eastern resident, inhabitant of the Ussuri region and Manchuria, which are covered with snow most of the year.
- Habitats
- The Amur tiger is the ruler of vast territories, the area of which often reaches 3000 km2.
- Lifestyle
- With a shortage of game, the number of cases of tiger attacks on large livestock and dogs increases.
- Males lead a solitary life, while females are often found in groups.
- In contrast to the red-orange summer coat, the winter fur of the Amur tiger has a yellowish tint. This tiger must survive at temperatures of -45 C, so its fur is thicker than that of tigers living in warm areas
- The tiger skull, compared to the lion skull, is shorter in the front part, but in the nasal part it is much more powerful and wider.
- Despite the enormous strength and developed senses, the tiger has to devote a lot of time to hunting, since only 1 attempt out of 10 is successful!
- If the attempt fails, then the tiger moves away from the potential victim. The tiger usually drags the killed prey to the water, and before going to bed, hides the remains of the meal.
- He often has to drive away competitors. The tiger eats while lying down, holding its prey with its paws. Tigers specialize in hunting large ungulates, but on occasion they can feed on fish, frogs, birds and mice, and they also eat plant fruits.
- Habits : active at night; males stay solitary.
- Food : deer, wild goats, pigs, moose, lynxes, bears.
- Related species : 8 tiger subspecies are facing extinction. The Bali and Javan tigers have disappeared from the face of the earth.
- During the harsh Far Eastern winters, the tiger's fur becomes even lighter, this allows it to blend into its surroundings.
- Typically tigresses give birth to 3-4 blind cubs. The mother feeds them milk. The eyes of tiger cubs open after about 9 days, and at 2 weeks of age their teeth begin to grow.
- Tiger cubs leave the shelter for the first time at the age of 2 months. The mother brings them meat, and from the age of 6 months the cubs accompany their mother during the hunt. Tiger cubs play a lot, which also helps them learn the skills necessary for hunting.
- At the age of one, the cubs go on an independent hunt for the first time, and by the age of two they are already able to defeat large prey.
- However, for the first few years of their lives, tiger cubs stay with their mother. The tigress hunts with young tigers until they reach sexual maturity.
- A tiger can lift and carry for a long time even very heavy prey, the transport of which would require the strength of five men.
- The daily norm for a tiger is 9-10 kg of meat.
- The maximum recorded weight of a tiger is 384 kg.
- A tiger can live up to 40-50 years, but usually dies earlier.
- Do you know that...
- The species is facing extinction mainly due to the destruction of its natural habitats. Currently, there are about 300 specimens living in the wild. Today, most Amur tigers live in captivity.
- Security
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External description. One of the largest and most beautiful representatives of the cat family can be considered the Amur (Ussuri) tiger, the northernmost tiger. The Ussuri tiger is a large, exotically colored cat, unrivaled in strength and power in all the world's fauna. The tiger is one of the largest land predators on our planet. The tiger is an easily vulnerable animal, despite its large size and enormous physical strength, and it is such that it can drag the carcass of a horse on the ground for more than 500 m. In the snow, it is capable of reaching speeds of up to 80 km/h, second only to the cheetah in speed. One of their strongest external features is their skin with black or brown bold vertical stripes on a reddish-yellow or reddish-orange background. The lower part of the body of tigers is usually white or slightly cream. Many people are very well aware of such tigers as white ones, they are also usually called Bengal tigers, but such tigers have almost been destroyed, and in those places where they still remain, their numbers are usually very scarce, although fairly large tigers have survived in India and Malaysia and Nepal. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animals Type: Chordata Class: Mammals Order: Carnivores Family: Felidae Genus: Panther Species: Tiger Subspecies: Amur tiger
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Bengal tiger. Undoubtedly, the Ussuri tiger is one of the attractions of the Primorsky Territory. For a long time, this graceful cat, despite its size, has been considered the undivided ruler of the taiga. The tiger lives alone and marks the boundaries of its territory with droppings and marks on trees. The tiger warns its rivals with a roar that can be heard within a radius of 3 km. The tiger species is exclusively Asian. It appeared somewhere in northern China about 2 million years ago. Also at the end of the last century, tigers could be seen in eastern Turkey and from northern Iran to the East Indies and even in southeastern Siberia. In the mountains, tigers rise about 3000 meters above sea level.
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Abilities and habits. The tiger is able to cover 9 meters with just one jump, but usually tries to sneak up as close to the prey as possible and knock it down with one strong blow. As a rule, he bites the throat of large animals with his powerful fangs and does not let go until they suffocate; The tiger most often gnaws the neck of small animals from above. Tigresses, as usual, are smaller in size than males. The smallest subspecies of tigers was the long-extinct Bali tiger - the females of these tigers weighed about 65 kg. The largest tigers are Amur tigers: the mass of these males is over 300 kg. The height at the withers is from 0.6 in females and up to 1.1 m in males. These tigers have five toes on their front paws and four on their hind paws, all of which, as a rule, have retractable claws. The usual number of chromosomes is 38. Apart from the usually short mating season and the usual period of mother care for offspring, tigers lead a solitary lifestyle and habitat.
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Habitats. Habitat. The tiger's habitat is concentrated in a protected zone in the southeast of Russia, along the banks of the Amur and Ussuri in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories; in total in Russia in 1996 there were about 415-476 individuals. About 10% (40-50 individuals) of the Amur tiger population lives in China (Manchuria). Ussuri tigers are most common in the foothills of Sikhote-Alin, in the Lazovsky district of Primorsky Krai, where every sixth wild Amur tiger lives in a relatively small area (2003).
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Depending on the habitat of the striped predator, the variety and quantity of prey, and whether it is a tiger or a tigress, usually the individual territory of an adult predator ranges from 200 to 3000 square kilometers. Adult tigers usually hunt large mammals, such as wild boars, antelopes, deer, gaurs and buffaloes, but they can also eat frogs, birds and other small animals. In Manchuria and Siberia, tigers often hunt Himalayan and brown bears. Sometimes livestock become tiger prey, but human casualties are generally quite rare. The main diet consists of wild boar and wapiti, and in the southwestern regions of Primorye and the Lazovsky Nature Reserve, sika deer. The quantitative ratio of tiger prey for different parts of the range is not the same. On the western macroslopes of the middle Sikhote-Alin, the share of wild boar and wapiti accounts for about 60 and 30%, respectively; on the eastern (Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve) these figures are more than three times lower for wild boar and almost 2.5 times higher for wapiti . On the eastern macroslopes of the southern Sikhote-Alin (Lazovsky Nature Reserve), the share of wild boar and wapiti is equal - about 30%, sika deer among tiger prey is 18.2%. Nutrition.
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Breeding offspring. Estrus and the appearance of young are not confined to any specific time of year. However, mating occurs most often in the second half of winter, and the appearance of offspring mainly occurs in April-June. The gestation period lasts 95-107 days, with an average of 103 days. There are 1-4 tiger cubs in a litter, usually 2-3. The average litter size ranges from 1.5 to 2.4 cubs. Most females bear offspring for the first time at 3-4 years of age. A tigress usually gives birth once every two years.
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Puberty in tiger cubs occurs at the age of 3-4 years for females and 4-5 years for males, but in zoos two-year-old tigers are usually allowed to breed. In captivity, tigers live no more than 26 years; in nature, as is known, there is usually the same amount. The mother feeds the tiger cubs milk for six months. By that time, they reach a weight of 20-30 kg and switch entirely to meat. During the first winter, the tigress brings fresh meat to her kittens, since they often catch colds and die from frozen food. Two-year-old tiger cubs weigh up to 100 kg and are introduced to hunting, which their mother teaches with the greatest diligence. Males are not interested in raising their offspring. Tiger cubs are separated from their mother in the second year of life. Accordingly, tigress litters can appear at intervals of two years, and in the event of the death of tiger cubs, in the year of their loss. The mortality rate of young people is very high - about 50%. Cases of tigers dying from bears and cases of cannibalism are quite rare and do not significantly affect the well-being of the species. Tiger trail.
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Protection against disappearance. As an object of the first category of threat of extinction, it is included in the Red Books of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Russia, and is included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In the south of the Russian Far East, where the northern border of the species’ range lies, this tiger lives in the territory of Primorye and Amur region. Currently, only Sikhote-Alin maintains the world's only viable population of Amur tigers. According to the testimony of R. K. Mak, who visited the valley of the Ussuri River in 1861, local hunters avoided even talking about this animal and in the pantheon of Orochi, local residents, the figure of the mythical tiger - “Duse”, was second only to the supreme deity - “Bua”. This worship was due to the tiger's ability to disappear from sight in a matter of seconds, even in a snowy forest, despite its bright coloring. It should be noted that not only the indigenous peoples of Primorye endowed the Ussuri tiger with supernatural abilities. Chinese and Korean hunters firmly believed that tiger meat, bones and even claws had healing properties, which in their effect were second only to the healing effect of ginseng root.
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To all of the above one should add warm, soft and unusually beautiful fur. All this led to the fact that in the 30s of the twentieth century the number of Ussuri tigers decreased to 50 individuals. Then biologists faced the question of how to preserve this unique subspecies. And in 1935, a decision was made to establish the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve. When the reserve began operating, there were about 4-5 individuals on its territory. Contacts have been established and work has begun on tiger and leopard in countries neighboring Russia - the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. A “Strategy for the Conservation of the Tiger in Russia” has been prepared and adopted, which defines the main directions of activity to preserve the natural population of one of the most beautiful subspecies of this cat - the Amur tiger. Of the seven subspecies of tigers, two can probably be considered extinct, and quite recently. In October 1953, a large tiger was killed in the Shimanovsky district, near the village of Kommuna, near the Tu River. The length of the animal from the end of the muzzle to the end of the tail turned out to be 2 m 90 cm, the circumference of the paw was 36 cm, and the weight was about 250 kg. A stuffed animal of this tiger is kept in the Blagoveshchensk Museum of Local History. Slide 13
Interesting Facts. The Ussuri tiger is depicted on the flag and coat of arms of the Primorsky Territory, as well as on many heraldic symbols of cities and regions of the region. The Ussuri or Amur tiger is an object of worship for many peoples of the Far East. In 1988, Hodori was the official mascot of the Summer Olympics in Seoul. In China, killing an Amur tiger carries the death penalty.
King of Beasts This majestic animal lives in the Far East, on the banks of the Amur River. The Amur tiger can, without a doubt, be called a king, because it is the largest and strongest representative of the tiger family. The weight of an Amur tiger can exceed three hundred kilograms, and its length, including its tail, reaches three meters.
The Amur tiger is the only tiger species that has learned to endure harsh, snowy winters. His magnificent fur helps him in this. The fur of the Amur tiger is red, with black stripes, which form a unique and inimitable pattern. You cannot find two individuals with the same pattern. The red tint of the fur on the face of this animal is interspersed with white spots, where there are patterns of black stripes.
The complex pattern helps the tiger camouflage itself while hunting. The huge tabby cat's body is strong and flexible, its head is round. Retractable claws on the paws are adapted for grabbing and tearing prey. The tiger's huge fangs give it a menacing appearance. They are sharp and slightly curved.
Hunting is the most important activity for the Amur tiger, because it eats only meat. Its prey is usually ungulates that live in the territory of residence - wild boars, wapiti, roe deer and sika deer. Tigers hunt, sneaking up on their prey unnoticed on soft cat paws. Having crept closer, they overtake the victim with a sharp jump. In summer, the Amur tiger can also engage in catching large fish. It does not attack humans, and when there is a shortage of food, the tiger can go to human habitation and hunt domestic animals.
Amur tigers are loners. They protect their hunting territory from other tigers, leaving only females and cubs alone. They mark the boundaries of their possessions in a unique way - they stand near a tree on their hind legs and, at a height of more than two meters, peel off the bark with their claws.
Facts about the Amur Tiger Amur tigers live up to 15 years in the wild, but less in captivity. White Siberian tigers live longer than their orange-skinned counterparts. Amur tigers can withstand severe frosts. In case of a fight, they rattle their tail and warn the opponent.
To protect against the cold, nature has rewarded the predator with a 5 cm thick layer of subcutaneous fat. Despite this, the Amur tiger quickly flies through the snow, chasing prey. Interesting facts are its speed indicators. At a speed of 80 km/h, the striped sprinter is capable of catching up with any animal.
1. Start work to compensate for the damage caused to the habitat of wild animals, and, first of all, take care of its food resources, for which purpose begin the implementation of an appropriate program. 2. Forests within the range of the predator should be classified as a special environmental management zone, where logging will be carried out only after appropriate examination, taking into account the conservation of the tiger population. 3. Ban the trade in wild animal meat until they are farmed for this purpose. 4. Develop a strategy for preserving the Amur tiger population, taking into account local conditions, and implement it. 5. In tiger habitats, sharply limit the cutting down of cedar, oak, and Manchurian walnut, create a network of specially protected forest areas and exclude them from the main use forest resource base. All these measures are long overdue, and the more time passes from the start of their implementation, the more expensive their implementation will be. Without the implementation of these measures, the situation will further deteriorate in subsequent years due to the mismatch of food resources in the predator-prey system.
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Slide captions:
Amur tiger Completed by: primary school teacher of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 11 in Podolsk Lepekhina V.G.
description The Amur tiger, according to modern data, belongs to the largest subspecies; its fur is thicker than that of tigers living in warm areas, and its color is lighter. The main coat color in winter is orange, the belly is white.
This is the only tiger that has a five-centimeter layer of fat on its belly, protecting it from freezing winds at extremely low temperatures. The body is elongated, flexible, the head is round, the legs are short, and the tail is long. The ears are very short, as it lives in cold areas. The Amur tiger distinguishes colors. At night he sees five times better than a human.
The body length of male Amur tigers to the tip of the tail reaches 2.7-3.8 m, females are smaller. Height at withers up to 115 cm, weight 160-270 kg. The largest Amur tiger had a body length of 317 cm and a tail of 114 cm. The tiger is capable of reaching speeds of up to 50 km/h in the snow.
The tiger is not afraid of snow or cold. It stays where the thickets are dense and there is a lot of food. Hunts wapiti, sika deer, wild boar and roe deer. If there is enough game, the predator does not touch domestic animals. Only severe hunger forces them to approach housing, and sometimes even attack a person. The tiger is hardy. It can cover up to 100 kilometers in a day.
Puberty begins at 4-5 years of age. The female and male stay together throughout pregnancy. Then the male leaves the female and goes in search of another female. After 95-112 days, 3-4 blind cubs are born. The mother feeds them milk. Tiger cubs' eyes open after about 9 days, and at two weeks of age their teeth begin to grow. Tiger cubs leave the shelter for the first time at the age of 2 months. The mother brings them meat, although she continues to feed them milk for another 5-6 months. From six months onwards, tiger cubs accompany their mother during the hunt.
protection The Amur tiger is listed in the Red Book of Russia. In April 2007, experts from the World Wildlife Fund announced that the Amur tiger population had reached a century-high and that the tiger was no longer facing extinction.
Interesting facts The Amur tiger is depicted on the flag and coat of arms of the Primorsky Territory, as well as on the coat of arms of the Khabarovsk Territory.
In 1988, Hodori (Korea) the Siberian Tiger was the official mascot of the Summer Olympics in Seoul.
Friendship between the tiger Amur and the goat Timur In the Primorsky Safari Park, not far from Vladivostok, an amazing friendship continues between the predator and the artiodactyl. The relationship between the goat and the tiger began on November 26, when the then nameless Timur was given to the predator to be eaten. However, the goat did not agree with his fate and fought back the mustachioed one. The tiger Cupid retreated in surprise and not only recognized the goat’s right to exist, but also considered it an equal: for several nights the goat slept in the tiger’s place, in his “bedroom,” and the tiger itself was content with a place outside on the roof of the shelter.
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