Project "Leaf Fall"
annotation
The “Autumn” project is short-term, group.
Duration: 1 month (October).
The age of the project participants is 2 - 3 years.
Project type – mixed.
The project is intended for educators, children and their parents.
Work on the project is carried out: in classes, in exercises, games (moving, finger, didactic), while reading fiction and looking at pictures. The group organizes exhibitions of children's creativity.
Relevance
Most of the changes in the natural world can be noticed, felt and experienced only outside the walls of a room, in direct contact with nature. Neither a picture nor a story can replace live communication with her. It is important to perceive nature with all your soul, with all your senses, to notice the diversity of its forms, the beauty of colors, sounds, smells. There are so many opportunities for the development of feelings, speech, movements, imagination. This forms the child's first sensory experience - the basis for his intellectual development. Impressions of native nature received in childhood are remembered for a lifetime. Therefore, it is so important to introduce a child to nature from a very early age.
The beauty of “golden autumn” is accessible even to the smallest child. Therefore, it is so important from a very early age to develop in children the prerequisites for observation, interest and the relationship between natural phenomena and human life, to develop imagination, and to evoke an aesthetic response to the beauty of autumn.
“Ecological education” of a young child means helping adults develop a kind and inquisitive child, open to the natural world. We must teach kids to look and see, to know and love and, of course, to take care of nature.
Objective of the project:
Familiarizing children with nature, developing a consciously caring attitude towards it.
Project objectives:
1. Formation of elementary ideas about autumn changes in nature (multi-colored leaves on the trees, it has become colder, it rains frequently, the wind is blowing, leaves are flying from the trees).
2. Based on expanding orientation in the environment, develop understanding of speech and activate vocabulary on the topic.
3. Cultivate good feelings, curiosity, aesthetic perception, experiences associated with the beauty of nature.
4. Introduce children to works of fiction about autumn. Arouse children's interest in illustrations in books.
5. Cultivate the desire to reflect your vivid impressions in drawings and applications. Learn to convey the image of autumn in accessible ways of artistic creativity.
6. Distinguish between sensory properties: size (big, small), color (yellow, red, green, blue), quality (wet, dirty).
Expected Result
Early age is the most favorable time for accumulating knowledge about the world around us and for sensory education. The project will help lay the first ideas and guidelines in the natural world. Thanks to the work on the project, children will learn to observe and perceive the seasonal phenomena occurring around them - leaf fall, cold rain, wind, etc., will become familiar with the qualities of natural materials, children will activate their vocabulary (they will learn to name the color of autumn leaves), develop visual and auditory attention, and strengthen their arm muscle strength.
Autumn is the time for children to adapt to the conditions of kindergarten. Communication with nature will give a noticeable healing effect, help relieve psychological tension, stress and aggressiveness, and set you up for a friendly attitude towards all living things.
Interaction with family
1. Consultation for parents “Autumn. We went for a walk."
2. Folder – moving “Autumn”
3. Joint activity of parents and children “Autumn crafts made from natural materials.”
4. Individual conversations about how to dress children for a walk in the fall.
Formation of elementary mathematical concepts “Fold a leaf”
Tasks:
1. Teach children to put two parts together into a whole and name the resulting object.
2. Learn to differentiate red, yellow, green colors.
understand and use the words “same” and “not the same” in active speech.
3. Learn to understand the plot, develop the ability to listen to the teacher’s explanations, and speak out about what is depicted.
Artistic creativity (drawing) “Watching the rainy weather”
·Tasks:
·1. Introduce children to the most typical features of autumn rainy weather.
2. Clarify the name and purpose of the clothing items.
3. Continue to teach children how to hold a pencil correctly; draw vertical lines.
4. Consolidate knowledge of the color blue.
Artistic creativity (applique) “This is a golden dress with a birch tree on the shoulders”
Tasks:
1. Continue to instill in children an interest in appliqué.
2. Learn to lay leaves at some distance from each other.
3. Consolidate knowledge of the color yellow.
4. Foster interest in collective creativity.
Educational activities during restricted periods:
Walk “Watching the Wind”
Tasks:
1. To consolidate children’s knowledge about the wind.
2. Learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships: trees sway, leaves spin, fly - it’s the wind that blows.
Walk “Watching the fall of leaves”
Tasks:
1. Show children the colors of “golden autumn” and consolidate their knowledge of the color yellow.
2. Expand the new concept of “leaf fall”.
Didactic game "Seasons"
1. Introduce children to the most characteristic signs of autumn (leaves are falling, people are dressed warmer, it is raining, etc.);
2. Teach children to distinguish autumn in pictures.
Didactic game with object-tools “Get the leaves”
Tasks:
1. Exercise children in pulling leaves towards themselves with an object-tool.
2. Develop coordination of hand movements, eye, spatial orientation.
3. To instill in children determination and perseverance in achieving goals.
Didactic game for the development of visual and auditory attention “Find all the leaves”
Tasks:
1. Develop visual attention.
2. Develop auditory attention.
Didactic game “Arrange the leaves by color”
Tasks:
1. Teach children to distinguish colors and name them correctly.
2. Learn to put leaves in buckets according to the principle “this way - not that way.”
Didactic game “Dress the doll for a walk.”
Tasks: clarify the name of autumn clothing.
Finger gymnastics
Objectives: develop fine motor skills of the hands, strengthen the muscles of the children’s hands.
Autumn bouquet
One, two, three, four, five, Bend your fingers one by one.
We will collect leaves. We clench and unclench our fists.
Birch leaves, aspen leaves, Bend your fingers one by one.
We will collect oak leaves,
We'll take an autumn bouquet to mom.
Rain
Rain, rain, water! We hit the other palm with our fingertips
There will be a loaf of bread, we stretch our arms forward, join them into a “loaf”
There will be gingerbread cookies and cakes, we will make pies.
There will be delicious cheesecakes! We connect the thumb and index fingers into a ring.
Spider.
The spider ran along the branch. The kids ran with their hands along the table.
And behind him are all his children. The arms run from hand to shoulder.
Rain suddenly poured from the sky - They waved their arms.
The spider was washed to the ground. Hands fall to your knees
The sun began to warm up - Raise your hands up,
spreading your fingers.
The spider is running again! Hands run across the table.
Breathing exercises “Whose leaf will fly away first”
Objectives: strengthen the respiratory muscles, develop long, smooth exhalation.
The teacher offers to look at the leaves, their color, offers to blow long and smoothly on the leaf and watch how it flies. You can arrange competitions “whose leaf will fly away first”, “Whose leaf will fly away further”.
Reading fiction about autumn
Objectives: Develop the ability to listen to works of art, understand the meaning with the help of the teacher’s explanation.
I. Sokolov-Mikitov “Autumn in the Forest”;
M. Khodyakova “Autumn”;
A. Pleshcheev “Autumn has come”;
M. Evensen “Leaves are Falling”;
V. Mitrovich “Leaf fall, leaf fall.”
Looking at autumn illustrations, talking about the beauty of autumn
Objectives: Develop the ability to notice the beauty of autumn nature.
Outdoor games
Objectives: Learn to move freely around the playground and act on the teacher’s signal.
1. The game is played with pieces of paper in hands.
The leaves were flying, (Children run freely around the playground,
The leaves were spinning; spinning, flapping leaves around
showing an adult.)
The leaves are tired
And they went down. (They sit down on the cards and lower their hands.)
A breeze blew (The teacher imitates a breeze
sultan,
On them - and again he runs, spinning, waving his arms.)
All children are leaves
They want to fly! (The children run again, spinning among the falling leaves.)
2. “Lei Rain”
Rain, pour, pour, pour, (Children wave their hands.)
At me and at people, (Point at themselves and other guys.)
Each person has a spoon, (Place their hands in spoons.)
Give me some crumbs, (“Crumble” with their hands towards themselves.)
And on Baba Yaga (They make a scary face.)
Lei a whole bucket! (They “splash” the water with both hands.)
Consultation for parents
Autumn.
We went for a walk.
Your baby has gone to kindergarten. The difficult adaptation period is behind us. The child is no longer capricious in the morning when he comes to the group. And you have peace of mind that everything is fine with him while you are at work. You know that in kindergarten they provide him with all the necessary classes, but this does not mean that home classes can be stopped. Use every minute to communicate and develop activities with your baby.
When going to kindergarten in the morning, watch with your child the changes that occur in nature. Draw your child's attention to the fact that it has become cooler, so dress warmer. Show the first yellow and red leaves on bushes and trees. Explain that the leaves turn yellow and red when autumn gives way to warm summer. On a rainy day, explain that it rains often in autumn.
Show the birds that are preparing to fly to warmer climes. Tell us that some birds always fly away from us in the fall because it has gotten colder and there is little food.
Examine and compare two pictures with your child. Let him think and tell which picture shows summer and which picture shows autumn.
When going for a walk in the park or on the edge of the forest, take a bucket or basket with you and pick up chestnuts, acorns, cones, berries, and rowan berries with your baby. They will be useful for your homework or you can feed squirrels and wintering birds in the park in winter. In addition, the baby will enjoy the process of picking fruits.
Draw the child's attention to the fact that in the autumn forest there are a lot of acorns, chestnuts, rowan berries, there are a lot of apples in the garden, and there are a lot of carrots and potatoes in the vegetable garden. It is at this age that the concept of many and one needs to be formed in the child.
Show a flock of sparrows and ask how many sparrows, one or many.
Pick a bouquet of autumn leaves and take one leaf. Let the baby show where there are many leaves and where there is only one. Then let him first take one leaf, and then collect many leaves. Let him throw many leaves into one puddle, and one into another.
Teach your child to perceive the environment in all its diversity. Admire the colors of autumn, talk about what the leaves on the trees look like. Learn to correctly name the color of leaves. Compare leaves by size (large - small). Draw your child's attention to how different the leaves are in shape.
Listen to the sounds of autumn nature: the sound of the wind, the rustling of leaves, the rustle of rain, the cries of flying birds.
On a walk in the forest, if your child is not allergic, invite him to smell the smell of autumn leaves, mushrooms, and flowers.
Compare the feel of a pine cone and an acorn. Pay your child's attention to the fact that the acorn is smooth and the cone is rough.
It's late autumn - the most boring time of the year. It’s cold outside, it rains often, the forest is bare, the grass has dried up, the late flowers have faded, and there are no insects to be seen. At the end of November, night frosts will begin, and during the day the air temperature will not rise above zero. During this boring time, try to make walks with your baby as varied as possible, organize outdoor games, continue to teach them to observe changes in nature. On a frosty morning, show your child the frost on the grass and tree branches. Let the baby touch it and see how it melts under warm fingers.
Read the poem.
Like hedgehogs needles,
Like the outfit of a fluffy Christmas tree,
It is white during the day, blue at night,
There is shaggy frost on the branches.
With your child, look at the thin ice covering the puddles. Allow your child to walk along it, watch and listen to how the thin, fragile ice breaks under his feet. Explain that frost and ice appeared on the puddles because it became cold, and real winter will soon come.
Draw your child’s attention to the fact that almost no birds are visible, not even the chirping of sparrows can be heard. On walks you may see them in the park. They scurry around in search of food. Invite your child to feed the birds. Explain that they are cold and hungry. Take crumbs of bread and a handful of millet for a walk. Let your baby feed the birds and observe their behavior. Ask what the sparrows are doing (flying, running, pecking, chirping, preening, fighting). When walking with your baby in the evening on a weekday or on weekends, try to make your walks interesting and varied.
Show and name cars unfamiliar to your child. Tell us how a bus differs from a trolleybus, and a truck differs from a passenger car.
Invite your child to show all the red or blue cars in the parking lot near the house. And then let him try to count the wheels of a passenger car. If it is difficult for a child, help him with this.
While walking near a pond, feed the birds a loaf of bread. Talk about what the birds are doing (pecking, swallowing, chirping). By completing this task, you will develop your child's observation skills and verbal vocabulary.
While watching the birds, read a poem to your child.
Duck, duck, duck,
Baby ducks
Rocked on the waves
They splashed and splashed.
Invite your child to recite the poem with you. Let him at least finish the lines first. And in a few days, perhaps, the baby will recite a poem after seeing birds on a walk.
If it is cold outside and you are afraid that the baby will freeze, play an outdoor game to develop general motor skills, coordination of movements, a sense of rhythm, and foster imitation.
Pedagogical project “Leaf Fall” in the 2nd junior group
Teachers:
Emelina Natalia Nikolaevna– senior teacher of MBDOU No. 109 “Kurai”
Yakupova Rakhilya Rakhmetovna– teacher of MBDOU No. 109 “Kurai”
Mukhamadeeva Venera Yurievna– musical director of MBDOU No. 5 “Teremok”
The name of the project is Listopad.
Project type Musical and creative.
Project participants: Teachers, children, music director, parents.
Implementation time – 1 month.
Relevance Nature, with its diversity of forms, colors, sounds, smells, provides great opportunities for accumulating knowledge about it. It is necessary to guide the process of children’s perception of nature. The knowledge gained allows children to navigate their surroundings and contribute to the development of their sensory processes, logical thinking, and speech.
Goal – To develop children's interest in seasonal changes in nature. Develop the ability to build associative analogies between images of reality and sound, plastic, artistic images captured in works of art. Expand emotional experience.
Objectives 1. Develop creative imagination and cognitive abilities.
2. Introduce children to the color, shape, texture of autumn leaves in nature and painting.
3. Consolidate and expand knowledge about autumn phenomena through music, poetry and educational games.
Predicted result:
Updating children's knowledge about autumn and its signs.
Replenishment of vocabulary, the ability to enjoy nature.
The ability to convey the sounds and colors of nature through music, dance, and games.
Ways to implement the project:
1. Conversation “What is autumn?”
Purpose: to give an idea of autumn. Cultivate an interest in nature.
2.Reading the poem “Autumn” by V. Karaseva.
Goal: to develop listening skills. Learn to understand the meaning of the work, develop figurative speech.
3. Consideration of illustrations, paintings “Golden Autumn” by I. Ostroukhov, “Autumn” by M. Bashkirtseva.
Goal: to develop observation, attention, speech.
4. Finger game “For a walk in the forest”
Goal: to develop fine motor skills of the hands.
5.Musical and didactic game “Miracle Nose”
Goal: development of breathing.
6. Listening to the song “Falling Leaves” by Gomonova.
Goal: to teach to distinguish between pictorial moments (raindrops, falling leaves.)
7.Singing the song “Autumn” by music. I. Petrenko, lyrics. Yu. Mikhailenko
8. Dance with autumn leaves, music. Filippenko, lyrics. Volgina.
Goal: learn to convey the image of autumn leaves. Learn to coordinate words and movements.
9. Didactic game “Sort the leaves by color”
Goal: learn to classify objects by color.
10.Drawing “Multi-colored carpet of leaves”
Purpose: to introduce the technique of drawing with a stencil, to consolidate knowledge of primary colors.
11.Guessing the riddle:
"Sits - turns green,
It flies and turns yellow,
It falls and turns black"
Goal: develop thinking, teach how to solve riddles.
12. Entertainment “We are waiting for you to visit us in autumn”
Goal: generalization of knowledge about autumn. Create a joyful mood for parents and children.
13. Thematic direct educational activity “Walk in the autumn forest”
Goal: to combine knowledge from various fields based on one cross-cutting topic.
14. Lane in the autumn park.
Goal: observing autumn changes in nature.
I will give an example of a comprehensive GCD carried out as part of the project.
Summary of GCD on the topic “Leaf fall”
2nd junior group
Continue to introduce children to the technique of drawing with a stencil; consolidate knowledge of primary colors (red, yellow, green).
Instill artistic taste, teach to see the beauty around you.
Learn to enjoy your work and the work of your friends.
Consolidate and expand knowledge about autumn phenomena through music.
Teach children to sing, develop the skill of singing together.
Develop coordination of movements with music.
Materials for the lesson: gouache in 3 colors, stencils for each child, foam rubber for tamponing, napkins.
Vocabulary work: leaf fall, sprinkled, multi-colored.
Preliminary work:
Observing autumn nature, looking at trees, learning poems about autumn, reading works of art. Examination of a reproduction of Levitan’s painting “Golden Autumn”, as well as sketches and illustrations depicting various trees in autumn, collecting leaves on a walk. Listening to musical works “Classics for kids” P.I. Tchaikovsky “October” (Seasons), I.S. Bach "Ave Maria"
Educator: Hello, dear guests! (children say hello)
Guests don't judge strictly
You, guests, wait for us,
We will come to you again,
We'll treat you to tea,
Lots of interesting things to show
And of course tell.
Educator: A big bus is waiting for us, friends,
I suggest you take a place in it.
I'll drive the bus in front of everyone,
I'll show you where we're going.
(Children perform movements in accordance with the text)
Educator: We drove and drove, but where did we arrive?
Children: Into the forest!
Educator: What time of year is in the forest now?
Children: Autumn!
Educator: Guys, let's sing a song about autumn
SONG “AUTUMN HAS COME TO US” LY. AND MUSIC. L. MOCHALOVA.
Musical director: Bunny, don't be afraid of us! Sit on the stump and listen to what song the kids will sing for you.
SONG “I HAVE A BUNNY” MUSIC. A. FILIPPENKO, SL. T. VOLGINA.
Educator: Guys, guess my riddle.
They grow on the tree in the spring and fall off in the fall.
Children: Leaves.
Educator: Leaf fall, leaf fall!
Are the leaves…..white flying?
Oh no no no! Disorder! Apparently autumn did not have time to visit this forest.
– What color are the leaves in autumn?
Children: Red, yellow, green.
Educator: Let us help autumn. Take a piece of paper each and go to the tables.
Guys, what do I have in my hands?
Children: Stencil.
Educator: Find a stencil of the same shape as your leaf. Place the stencil on the piece of paper and press it firmly with your left hand. With your right hand, take the foam rubber, dip it in paint and press it onto the empty space of the stencil. (children do the work)
Educator: Now carefully, without moving, remove the stencil. What beautiful colorful leaves you have!
Musical director: The leaves are different,
Carved leaves,
Yellow, red,
Dance with them!
DANCE WITH LEAVES OF THE WORD BY E. A. OBORINA.
1.Golden leaves are spinning and flying.
The golden leaves want to dance.
(run around the hall in different directions)
And the leaf thought: it’s boring to be alone,
I'll find a friend to dance with!
(visor right, left)
Losing: they find a mate.
2. It’s more fun to fly in the wind together,
(swing from foot to foot in pairs)
You can spin around, you can sing a song.
(spinning around in the boat)
La la la la la la!
This is how strong my friendship is!
(Hug tenderly)
Losing: everyone lines up in a circle.
3. The leaves flew forward together,
(run forward)
Oh, what a beautiful, friendly round dance!
(run back)
The wind dies down, the leaves swirl,
(spinning)
The rustling leaves fall to the ground.
(Squat)
Teacher: (take the basket)
Along the golden path
Autumn quietly entered the forest.
Pears and apples are fragrant for us
She brought a lot.
(showing a basket with treats)
- And now hurry up, friends,
Take a seat on the bus.
SONG “BUS” MUSIC ZHELEZNOVOYA.
Educator: So we believed in kindergarten!
- We will tell you, guests,
Where have we been
And how they painted autumn leaves.
(result of the lesson)
Working with parents:
1. Conversation “Watching with the children.”
2. Screen “Autumn is a wonderful time.”
3.Consultation “Walks of a young naturalist”.
4.Organization of an exhibition of crafts “Autumn Miracles”.
Bibliography:
1. “Classes on the formation of elementary environmental concepts in the 2nd junior group of kindergarten” by O. Solomennikova.
2. “For preschoolers about art”
3. “We play every day” by V. I. Tkachev.
4. “Merry carousel. Games. Dancing. Exercises. For young children" N.V. Zaretskaya.
5. “Applique in kindergarten” by A. N. Malyshev.
6. “Organization of children’s activities during a walk” by T. G. Kobzeva.
7. “365 games for children” by O. I. Kravtsova.
Analyzing the work done, we can conclude:
In working with preschoolers on this project, an integrated approach was used, which involved the interconnection of various areas, modeling, as well as the organization of children’s independent activities, i.e. combining various types of child activities. Working with children presupposed collaboration and co-creation between teacher and child and excluded the authoritarian model of teaching. All activities were structured taking into account the child’s visually effective and visually imaginative perception of the world around him and was aimed at developing environmental knowledge about natural phenomena occurring in the autumn period and an environmentally correct attitude towards natural phenomena and objects. The project I developed showed its effectiveness: the children systematized their accumulated ideas about autumn, about changes in the life of the flora and fauna with the onset of autumn.
For many years, scientists have worked to understand why leaf fall begins in the fall. And although all the details of this process are completely unknown, the accumulated knowledge is sufficient to understand the basic mechanisms of this process. Three main factors influence the change in foliage color in the fall: pigments in leaf cells, night length and weather. But this is far from a simple explanation of the process of yellowing and falling leaves.
Winter is a necessity that all plants face every year in certain climate zones. Therefore, perennial plants, which include trees, must have mechanisms to ensure protection and survival in freezing temperatures and other unfavorable winter conditions.
Stems, branches and buds are equipped with protection to survive extreme cold conditions and wake up with new signs of spring. But the delicate leaf tissue would simply freeze in winter. Trees are forced to either sacrifice valuable substances to protect their foliage or give up their leaves.
Evergreen trees such as spruces, firs, pines, firs, etc. can survive the winter without hardening off. Their foliage, which resembles needles or scales, is covered with a thick layer similar to wax, and substances in the intracellular fluid contain “antifreeze”, which makes them resistant to frost. Thus, the “leaves” of evergreen plants calmly survive the coldest winters, for example, in the Arctic. Evergreen needles live for several years, but eventually they too fall off due to senescence.
The foliage of broad-leaved trees, on the contrary, is very tender and vulnerable. Their leaves are wide, thin and do not have protective coverings. The liquid inside them is a watery juice that instantly freezes in the cold. This means that these cells are unable to survive the winter cold. Therefore, they must be reset to ensure the continued survival of the trees. This is the reason why leaf fall precedes every winter.
Needles and leaves that fall from trees are not wasted. They decompose and replenish the soil with necessary substances, becoming part of the spongy layer of humus.
This forest carpet absorbs and retains rain moisture, which plants need to grow and develop. Fallen leaves become food for numerous microorganisms living in the forest ecosystem. It is quite possible that without the nutrients provided annually by fallen leaves, forests simply would not survive, just as trees would not survive without shedding their leaves.
What determines the color of foliage in autumn?
In early autumn, in response to shortening day lengths and decreasing sunlight intensity, foliage begins to prepare to fall. Neither temperature, nor rain, nor the amount of nutrients entering the plant affect the change in leaf color and the appearance of leaf fall as much as an increase in the length of the dark time of day. As the days get shorter and the nights get longer and cooler, biochemical processes in the foliage begin to turn the leaves yellow and red.
The vessels feeding the leaves gradually overlap, and a layer of cells forms at the base of each leaf. These blocked vessels stop the reverse release of sugars from the leaves, which leads to the formation of anthocyanins. Once this layer of cells is fully formed, the leaf is ready to fall.
Three types of pigments are involved in the coloring of autumn leaves:
- Chlorophyll, which gives leaves their green color. It is essential for photosynthesis, a chemical reaction that allows plants to use sunlight to produce sugars needed for nutrition. Trees of temperate latitudes store these sugars in their tissues during winter hibernation.
- Carotenoids – give foliage yellow, orange and brown colors. An example of the vibrant effects of these dyes are the colors of corn, carrots and daffodils. As well as rutabaga, buttercups and bananas.
- Anthocyanins – give color to cranberries, red apples, grapes, blueberries, cherries, strawberries and plums. These pigments dissolve in water and appear in the aqueous part of the leaves.
Both chlorophyll and carotenoids are present in leaf chloroplasts throughout the growing season. Most anthocyanins are produced in the fall, in response to bright light and excess sugars in leaf cells.
During the warm season, that is, during the growing season, chlorophyll is continuously produced and broken down. The leaves look green. As night length increases in the fall, chlorophyll production slows, then stops completely. In this case, all chlorophyll in the leaves is destroyed. Because of this, carotenoids and anthocyanins present in the foliage become visible.
How the color of different trees changes
Exactly what color will appear on the leaves once the carotenoids and anthocyanins have appeared in the foliage largely depends on the plant. For example:
- Oak foliage turns red, brown, or red-brown.
- Hickories (the nut family) develop a golden bronze color.
- Aspens and poplars are golden and yellow.
- Dogwood – purple-red.
- Beeches acquire a light tan color.
The colors of autumn maples vary from species to species. Red maple turns bright scarlet, sugar maple turns orange-red, and black maple turns bright yellow. The striped maple appears almost colorless. The foliage on some trees (such as elms) simply dries out and falls off, hardly changing its color.
The onset of foliage color change also depends on the type of tree. For example, trees such as Oxidendrums in southern American forests turn bright crimson colors in late summer while other trees are still green. Oak trees are very late in changing color, and remain green while almost all other trees have changed color and shed their leaves.
The time at which foliage color begins to change is genetically programmed. Confirmation of this is that the same species are painted in the same colors at a certain geographical latitude, both in the cool areas of the highlands and in the warm lowland valleys.
How weather affects fall foliage color
The amount and brightness of coloring in each autumn season also depends on weather conditions, which affect the transformation of chlorophyll in the leaves. The main factors are temperature and humidity.
Long, warm, sunny days and cool, but not frosty nights lead to the most vibrant fall colors. During such days, a lot of sugars are produced in the leaf tissues. However, with the onset of cold weather, the vessels feeding the leaf cells gradually close off, and sugars stop flowing to them.
These conditions - a large amount of sugars and light stimulate the production of bright anthocyanin pigments, which color the leaf in red, purple and crimson shades. Because carotenoids are always present in the foliage, the yellow and golden tones are consistent from year to year.
Moisture in the soil also affects fall colors. Like the weather, it varies greatly from year to year. The countless combinations that are possible when these highly variable factors combine mean that no two autumn seasons will have similar leaves. Late arrival of spring or extreme summer heat can delay the appearance of fall color by several weeks. A warm autumn period can also reduce the intensity of the autumn palette.
07.04.2015 19:31
Topic update:
Goal of the work: study the reasons for changes in leaf color in trees and
bushes before leaf fall.
Tasks:
during the autumn period.
change color.
Object of study:
Subject of study: change in leaf color on trees and
bushes.
Hypothesis: My guess is that leaves change color on trees and shrubs because the tree is sick or the leaves are afraid of the cold.
Practical significance
Novelty
View document contents
“Research work “Why leaves fall in autumn””
Municipal educational government institution secondary general education
school in the village of Levintsy, Orichevsky district, Kirov region
VIIregional conference of research works and junior projects
schoolchildren “I explore nature”
WHY LEAF FALL IN AUTUMN
Completed the work: 4th grade student
Maltseva Alexandra
Head: Elena Evgenievna Chagina,
primary school teacher
village Levintsy
Introduction ……………………………………………………… I. Literature review ………………………………………………………
1.1 Reasons for changes in leaf color in trees and shrubs
1.2 Leaf fall of deciduous trees and shrubs…………
1.3 Features of leaf fall in different trees and shrubs...
II. Research methods
2.1 Work steps
2.2 Research methods
III. Research results
Conducting research on the extraction of pigments from plant material, experimental results......
Bibliography …………………………………………….
Application …………………………………………………
Introduction
Topic update:
I have always been interested to know where autumn comes from so many bright and varied colors. After all, in summer all the leaves are green. Why exactly in the fall does the foliage change color, and the leaves become yellow, red, purple. In the lesson “The World Around us” we studied seasonal changes in nature. They brought a lot of colorful leaves from the excursion. But I never received an answer as to why all the leaves are different colors, so I decided to find out on my own.
Goal of the work: study the reasons for changes in leaf color in trees and shrubs before leaf fall.
Tasks:
1. Study literature on the topic.
2. Observe the color of deciduous trees and shrubs
during the autumn period.
3. Investigate why there are leaves on trees and shrubs in autumn
change color.
4. Find out why trees and shrubs shed their leaves for the winter.
Object of study: fallen leaves of trees and bushes.
Subject of study: change in leaf color of trees and shrubs.
Hypothesis: My guess is that the leaves change color on the trees and shrubs because the tree is sick and the leaves are afraid of the cold.
Practical significance: the ability to independently obtain information on a desired topic, to find application of the acquired knowledge in everyday life, the development of aesthetic taste, interest in environmental problems.
Novelty The work is that no one has ever conducted such research at our school; there is not enough material in the literature on this topic.
ILiterature review
1.1 What is leaf fall
Leaf fall - the natural fall of leaves in woody plants and shrubs in the fall, associated with the preparation of plants for winter and caused by changes in day length. Only a few (for example, oak) leaves dry out and gradually collapse; Usually the leaves, which have previously lost their green color and become yellow and red, fall off. Leaves may fall en masse over a period of time or gradually, one at a time, over a long period of time. If a plant loses all its leaves for any period of time, they are called deciduous. Evergreen plants bear leaves all year round, replacing them periodically 1.
1.2 Main autumn seasons
Autumn– one of the four seasons, between summer and winter. Autumn is a transitional season, when there is a noticeable decrease in daylight hours and the air temperature gradually drops.
Conventionally, autumn is divided into four subseasons.
1 sub-season- beginning of autumn. It begins with the appearance of the first yellow strands in the crowns of birch, linden, and elm, and it ends when the number of colored and green leaves becomes approximately equal, which often happens in the last ten days of September.
2 sub-season- Golden autumn. Lasts approximately from late September to mid-October. During this period, the foliage on the trees turns more and more yellow and intensive leaf fall begins. The forests are gradually becoming bare.
3 subseason– late autumn (October). With the end of leaf fall for birch, aspen and elm, deep autumn begins and lasts. It continues until the first snow (not flying in the air, but the one that covers the ground at least for a day or night).
4 subseason– pre-winter (first half of November). The last autumn subseason, which is also a transition to winter, is why it got its name. 2
1.3 Green leaf color
In summer, all trees have the same color - green. But in the fall, the same leaves take on different colors. Where do these colors come from?
It turns out that the leaves are green because they contain a special substance - chlorophyll. Scientists named this substance chlorophyll (from the Greek words “chloros” - green and “phyllon” - leaf). Chlorophyll is considered the green blood of plants. It's like a tiny kitchen inside every leaf! This kitchen helps convert sunlight and water into food for plants. Science has proven that without a green leaf, not only can a plant not live, but there would be no life at all on Earth. It turned out that the most important transformations of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and starch occur in leaf cells. At the same time, the leaves release oxygen, which all living things on the planet breathe. The great Russian scientist Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev called the leaf the great factory of life. Timiryazev devoted most of his life to chlorophyll research. In his book “The Life of a Plant,” he showed with vivid examples how a green plant feeds, grows, develops and reproduces. Chlorophyll plays a major role in photosynthesis. 3 The process of photosynthesis can be depicted with this simple formula.
WATER + CARBON DIOXIDELIGHT = GLUCOSE + OXYGEN
CHLOROPHYLL
The leaves appear green to us because of the large number of chlorophyll grains located in the leaf. Along with chlorophyll, there are others in the leaf pigments 4 - CAROTENOIDS(yellow and orange), ANTHOCYAN ( red and purple). Chlorophyll in a living leaf is constantly being destroyed and formed again.
But this only happens in the light. Therefore, in the summer, when the sun shines for a long time, the formation of chlorophyll does not lag behind its destruction. And the leaf remains green all the time. At this time, other pigments “sleep”. By the end of summer - beginning of autumn, the days become shorter. Trees sense the approaching cold and begin to prepare for winter. Plants are already receiving less light. Chlorophyll is destroyed during the day and does not have time to be restored at night. The green light in the leaf decreases, and a yellow, crimson or red tint becomes noticeable. It depends on what coloring substance is in the withering leaf. Trees and plants prepare for winter, and give us the opportunity to admire their beautiful colors every time. 5
II. Research methods
2.1. Stages of work
Stage 1 – preparatory: statement of the problem, selection of an object, study of the territory, familiarity with methods and literature.
Stage 2 – experimental: collection of fallen leaves was carried out on the territory of the school site. Identification of unfamiliar leaves using the identification atlas, conducting experiments on leaf coloring.
Stage 3 – analytical: analysis of research results, finding out why leaves change their color in the autumn, experimentally finding out what the color of leaves on trees and shrubs depends on, isolating plant pigments.
Stage 4 – reporting: registration of research work.
Stage 5 – informational: The results of the work were familiarized to the students of our class and the participants of the regional conference.
2.2 Working methods
2.2.1 Survey of classmates about the reasons for the change in leaf color.
2.2.2 Observations on changes in leaf color in different subseasons
2.2.3 Collection of fallen leaves of trees: silver birch, maple
American, aspen, mountain ash, gray alder; shrubs: rosehip
May, lilac, chokeberry (chokeberry).
2.2.4 Conducting experiments to change leaf color
Experiments No. 1,2 Isolation of chlorophyll from lilac leaves
Experiments No. 3,4 Isolation of anthocyanin from red cabbage leaves
III. Research results
3.1 Results of the classmate survey
I read in the atlas-identifier A.A. Pleshakova “From Earth to Sky” information about each tree and shrub that I will study, and conducted a survey among classmates, trying to find out what they think about the change in leaf color before leaf fall.
Poll of classmates on the topic: “Why do leaves change color?”
3.2 Change in leaf color of trees and shrubs to different
subseasons of autumn
| Plant | 1 sub-season | 2 sub-season | 3 subseason | 4 subseason |
| Silver birch | first yellow leaves | excessive yellowing of foliage | end of leaf fall | |
| American maple | purple leaf color | leaf fall | ||
| yellow and bright red leaves | end of leaf fall | |||
| first red leaves | excessive reddening of foliage | leaf fall | ||
| Gray alder | leaves do not change color | leaves do not change color | leaves do not change color | end of leaf fall |
| Rosehip May | first red leaves | excessive reddening of foliage | leaf fall | |
| leaves do not change color | leaves do not change color | leaves do not change color | end of leaf fall |
|
| purple-red color | leaf fall |
Conclusion:
3.3 Experimental results
EXPERIENCE No. 1
Equipment and materials: lilac leaf, alcohol, flask
Progress: for the experiment I took a lilac leaf, because it contains only one pigment - chlorophyll. She put it in a flask, filled it with alcohol and began to observe what was happening. After 5-7 minutes, dark spots appeared on it. In the place where the leaf was slightly torn, a light green color appeared. The alcohol acquired a light green tint. I waited another 20 minutes, but the color did not become brighter.
Conclusion: The change in color of the alcohol occurred because chlorophyll dissolved in the alcohol.
EXPERIENCE No. 2Isolation of chlorophyll from lilac leaves
Equipment and materials: lilac leaf, alcohol, flask, cup, tripod, dry fuel, tray, matches
Progress: Now I decided to heat the flask with alcohol, in which there was already a lilac leaf, in a water bath. When the water in the cup is hot,
the alcohol began to turn green. After 5 minutes the alcohol completely changed its color
Conclusion: chlorophyll dissolves in alcohol, and when heated, this process occurs faster. Strong The alcohol extract from green leaves looks emerald green in the light.
(Appendix No. 1)
EXPERIENCE No. 3
Equipment and materials: red cabbage leaves, saucepan, spoon, 9% acetic acid
Progress: For the experiment, I took red cabbage leaves, because they contain anthocyanin , put it in a saucepan and put it on the fire. When the water boiled, a turquoise hue appeared. Then the color of the water became more saturated. I dropped a few drops of 9% acetic acid directly into the pan and the water in the pan took on two different shades. Where the acid hit, the water turned pink, and the second part of the water remained turquoise. I stirred the water in the pan with a spoon, and the water turned bright pink. I took out a cabbage leaf with a spoon and saw that now it was not purple, but pale yellow. I spent 15 minutes doing the experiment.
Conclusion: Red cabbage leaves contain anthocyanin, which gives the leaves a pink color.
EXPERIENCE No. 4Isolation of anthocyanin from red cabbage leaves
Equipment and materials: red cabbage leaves, glass pan, plate, glass, 70% acetic acid
Progress: I took 3 leaves of red cabbage, put it in a pan with water and put it on the fire. When the water in the pan began to boil, the water began to change color. At first it turned light blue, then the water became greenish, and whitish spots appeared on the leaves. I decided to cook the leaves longer, after 20 minutes they turned dark green and the water turned a dirty red hue. I poured the water into a glass, dropped a few drops of 70% acetic acid, and the water turned bright red.
Conclusion: This experience proves that plant leaves contain a pigment - anthocyanin, which gives the water a red color.
(Appendix No. 2)
General results of studying leaves for the release of pigments:
| experiments | carrying out | results | conclusion |
| Experience No. 1 with lilac leaves | lilac leaf dipped in alcohol solution | the alcohol turned light green | chlorophyll dissolves in alcohol |
| Experience No. 2 with lilac leaves | the flask with alcohol was heated in a water bath | the alcohol has acquired an emerald green color | chlorophyll when heated dissolves faster in alcohol |
| Experience No. 3 | cabbage leaves were boiled in water, 9% acetic acid was added | the water turned pink | Anthocyanin was released from cabbage leaves |
| Experience No. 4 with red cabbage leaves | cabbage leaves were boiled in water, the water was poured into a glass, 70% vinegar was added | the water turned bright red | anthocyanin was released from cabbage leaves; the stronger the acid solution, the brighter the color |
Conclusions from the study:
Having studied the literature on the topic, I learned that leaf fall is a natural
falling leaves of trees and shrubs associated with preparation for winter.
2. Conducted observations of the color of leaves of trees and shrubs in autumn and
I saw that the leaves were colored differently.
3. After conducting experiments, I learned that the change in leaf color depends on
what pigment, besides chlorophyll, is in the leaf.
4. I found out that trees and shrubs shed their leaves to survive in
winter period.
My FIRST HYPOTHESIS, that the trees get sick in the fall and therefore change the color of the leaves, was not confirmed. But I realized that the autumn color of leaves depends on what pigment, besides chlorophyll, is in the leaves.
My SECOND HYPOTHESIS, that the leaves are afraid of the cold and therefore fly away in the fall, was also not confirmed. But I learned that trees and shrubs benefit from losing their leaves in order to survive the cold winter. The color of the leaves depends on the presence of one or another pigment, the content of which depends on the length of daylight hours.
Bibliography
Pleshakov A. A., From earth to sky. Atlas-determinant [text]/
M.: Education, - 1998.- 84-91 p.
Dietrich A., Yurmin. G., Why. Children's Encyclopedia [text]/
M.: Pedagogy-press, - 1993. – 182-184 p.
Children's encyclopedia. Forest [text]/ - 2003 - No. 8. – 24-40 p.
Graubin G., Why leaves fall in autumn [text] / M.: Malysh, - 1985. -
Kurkova S. SM, Sidorenko V. N. The world around us [text]/ M.:
Parity, - 2004. – 27-28 p., 128-129 p.
Kozhevnikov A.V., Spring and autumn in the life of plants [text]/ M.: Vlados, -1983. – 57-59 p.
7. Children's encyclopedia. The World of Forest [text]/ M.: Makhaon, 2008. 44-45 p.
8. Internet sites: www. mne-interesno.su/library/articles/28.xhtml
http://www.countrysideliving.net/ART_Aut
slovari.yandex.ru
Material from Wikipedia - free
encyclopedias
Appendix No. 1
EXPERIENCE No. 1 and No. 2 Isolation of chlorophyll from lilac leaves
Fig.1 Fig.2
Appendix No. 2
EXPERIENCE 3 Isolation of anthocyanin from red cabbage leaves
Fig.1 Fig.2
Fig.3 Fig.4
Fig.5
EXPERIENCE No. 4 Isolation of anthocyanin from red cabbage leaves
Fig.1 Fig.2
Fig.4
1 slovari.yandex.ru
2 Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
3 Photosynthesis- the process of formation of nutrients in green leaves in the light.
4 Pigments- organic compounds that are present in plant cells and color them.
5 www.mne-interesno.su/library/articles/28.xhtml
Lyudmila Ryabokoneva
Educational research project “What is leaf fall?”
On March 17, 2017, the competition “Wonderland - Land of Research” was held in our kindergarten. This competition has become a tradition in our institution, as it is held annually. My pupil took the most honorable title “Young Researcher 2017”.
I present to your attention our project"What what is leaf fall?"
INTRODUCTION
I really love nature! Everything is alive in spring "wakes up" from winter sleep. The first ones appear on the trees leaves, and by summer everything around turns green and blooms. in autumn leaves change color: become yellow, red, brown, and with the arrival of the first cold weather, leaves They gradually begin to fall off, but in winter they are not there at all!
I was wondering what...
The leaves are different: green, yellow, red,
And sometimes they don’t exist - this time is called winter!
Find out why trees are being toppled foliage?
Tasks:
1. Study literature and other sources of information.
2. Observe the color
deciduous trees and shrubs
at different periods of time.
3. Explore why in the fall leaves
on trees and shrubs change
coloring and fall off.
Hypothesis
1. I think that leaves change color because the tree is sick.
2. I think trees and bushes are falling foliage, because leaves are afraid of the cold.
DESCRIPTION OF WORK
To find out why trees are being toppled foliage, my teachers and my mother helped me. We read books, observed trees, and even looked for the answer to my question on the Internet.
We planned our research So:
We study books, reference books, encyclopedias.
We use the resources of the Global Internet.
We observe the trees and shrubs of our area.
Drawing conclusions
Here's what we found out!
After working with various sources of information, I learned that in the fall trees and shrubs prepare for winter and shed leaves. This phenomenon is called - LEAF FALL(Slide No. 5)
My observations showed: coloring leaves change gradually. For example, in early autumn leaves Birch trees are green-yellow, but in late autumn they are all yellow and dry. Dry the leaves are very light, and the wind tears them from the trees. (Slide No. 6)
Not all leaves in autumn they are yellow. For example, in aspen they are red, in bird cherry they are brown, and in rowan and rose hips colored leaves. (Slide No. 7)
So why leaves change color?
Turns out a sheet is a whole factory! Because it contains a substance - chlorophyll, which gives leaves green color. Chlorophyll is formed in the light, which is why in the summer green leaves. Because in summer the days are very long and the sun shines brightly.
If we consider sheet under a magnifying glass or microscope, then indeed the leaf is green(Slide No. 8)
If sheet crush the wood and turn it into a pulp, transfer the contents into a flask or jar, pour in a little water and heat to a boil, then we will see that the water has turned green.
Conclusion: V leaves actually contains a substance that gives leaves green color is chlorophyll. (Slide No. 9)
Towards the end of summer, the days become shorter and the trees lack sunlight. And also, after frost, the water in the ground freezes, the tree receives less and less moisture. Leaves There is not enough water and light, so they dry out and fall off. (Slide number 10)
If chlorophyll colors green leaves, that means there is a substance that colors leaves yellow and red?
We looked for the answer to this question on the Internet.
We learned from the Internet that along with chlorophyll in sheet there are others substances: carotenoids and anthocyanins. If in leaves contain more carotenoids, That leaves in the fall they turn yellow and orange, and if there are more anthocyanins - brown, purple and red! (Slide No. 11)
It's interesting that...
Chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins color leaves not only trees and shrubs, but also fruits and vegetables.
Contains carotenoids - carrots, pumpkin, bell peppers, peaches, melons, apricots.
Contains anthocyanins - beets, eggplants, plums, blueberries, black currants, blueberries, cauliflower. (Slide No. 12)
Leaves cabbage was boiled in water, the water was poured into a glass, 70% vinegar was added. The water turned bright red.
Conclusion: from leaves cabbage released anthocyanin, the stronger the acid solution, the brighter the color. (Slide No. 13)
conclusions:
1. Having studied the literature on the topic, I learned that leaf fall- this is a natural fall leaves in trees and shrubs, associated with preparing trees for winter.
2. I observed the coloring leaves trees and bushes in the fall, and saw that leaves color gradually, the less often the sun's rays, the yellower and redder leaves.
3. B leaves trees and bushes contain substances that color leaves in a certain color - these are chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins. This is proven by the experiences of my work. (Slide No. 14)
Publications on the topic:
Leisure activities for children of the preparatory group “What is good and what is bad” Goal: To form in children an idea of good and bad deeds. Objectives: -Introduce mimic ways of expressing emotions.
"WHAT ARE BACTERIA?" Educator: “Children, do you always wash your hands before eating? That’s right, well done!” There are many living in our arms and around us.
Summary of educational activities for children of the senior group “What is good and what is bad” Goal: To clarify and systematize children’s knowledge about the wild animals of our forests. Objectives: Educational: 1. Exercise in the formation of complex.
Summary of educational activities on speech development “What is good and what is bad” in the second junior group Summary of GCD (speech activity) “What is good and what is bad” in the second junior group Goal: To improve dialogic speech.
Summary of a lesson on familiarization with the outside world in the preparatory group “What is good and what is bad?” Program content: 1. Continue to form in children the concept of what is good and what is bad; 2. Consolidate children's knowledge.
Everyone knows that a child is shaped by his environment. How he grows up depends on what moral values were embedded in him.
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