Man on the clock
The winter in St. Petersburg in 1839 was marked by strong thaws. Sentinel Postnikov, a soldier of the Izmailovsky regiment, stood at his post. He heard that a man had fallen into the wormwood and was calling for help. The soldier did not dare to leave his post for a long time, because this was a terrible violation of the Charter and almost a crime. The soldier suffered for a long time, but in the end he made up his mind and pulled out the drowning man. Then a sleigh with an officer sitting in it passed by.
The officer began to investigate, and in the meantime Postnikov quickly returned to his post. The officer, realizing what had happened, took the rescued man to the guardhouse. The officer reported that he had saved a drowning man. The rescued man could not say anything, since he lost his memory from the experience, and he couldn’t really make out who was saving him. The matter was reported to Lieutenant Colonel Svinin, a zealous servant.
Svinin considered himself obliged to report to Chief of Police Kokoshkin. The case became widely publicized.
The officer posing as a rescuer was awarded a medal “for saving the dead.” Private Postnikov was ordered to be flogged in front of the formation with two hundred rods. The punished Postnikov, wearing the same overcoat in which he was flogged, was transferred to the regimental infirmary. Lieutenant Colonel Svinin ordered the punished to be given a pound of sugar and a quarter of a pound of tea.
Postnikov replied: “I am very pleased, thank you for your fatherly mercy.” He was actually pleased, sitting in the punishment cell for three days, he expected much worse that the military court could award him.
1 The event, the story of which is brought to the attention of readers below, is touching and terrible in its significance for the main heroic person of the play, and the denouement of the case is so original that something similar to it is hardly even possible anywhere except Russia. This is partly a courtly, partly a historical anecdote, not bad characterizing the morals and direction of a very interesting, but extremely poorly noted era of the thirties of the ongoing nineteenth century. There is no fiction in the upcoming story at all. 2 In winter, around Epiphany, in 1839, there was a strong thaw in St. Petersburg. It was so wet that it was almost like it was spring: the snow was melting, drops were falling from the roofs during the day, and the ice on the rivers turned blue and turned watery. There were deep ice holes on the Neva in front of the Winter Palace. The wind was blowing warm, from the west, but very strong: water was blowing in from the seaside, and the cannons were firing. The guard in the palace was occupied by a company of the Izmailovsky regiment, commanded by a brilliantly educated and very well-established young officer, Nikolai Ivanovich Miller (later a full general and director of the lyceum). This was a man with a so-called “humane” tendency, which had long been noticed in him and slightly harmed his service in the attention of the highest authorities. In fact, Miller was a serviceable and reliable officer, and the palace guard at that time did not pose anything dangerous. It was the quietest and most serene time. The palace guard was not required to do anything other than accurately stand at their posts, and yet right here, on Captain Miller’s guard line at the palace, a very extraordinary and alarming incident occurred, which few of the living contemporaries of that time now barely remember. 3 At first everything went well on guard: posts were distributed, people were placed, and everything was in perfect order. Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich was healthy, went for a ride in the evening, returned home and went to bed. The palace also fell asleep. The most good night . There is silence in the guardhouse. Captain Miller pinned his white handkerchief to the high and always traditionally greasy morocco back of the officer's chair and sat down to while away the time with a book. N. I. Miller was always a passionate reader, and therefore he was not bored, but read and did not notice how the night floated away; but suddenly, at the end of the second hour of the night, he was alarmed by a terrible anxiety: a detachment non-commissioned officer appeared in front of him and, all pale, overwhelmed with fear, babbled quickly: “Trouble, your honor, trouble!” - What's happened?! - A terrible misfortune has befallen! N. I. Miller jumped up in indescribable alarm and could hardly really find out what exactly the “trouble” and “terrible misfortune” were. 4 The thing was as follows: a sentry, a soldier of the Izmailovsky regiment, by the name of Postnikov, standing on guard outside at the present Jordan entrance, heard that in the hole that covered the Neva opposite this place, a man was drowning and desperately begging for help. Soldier Postnikov, one of the gentlemen's courtyard people, was a very nervous and very sensitive person. For a long time he listened to the distant screams and moans of the drowning man and became numb from them. In horror, he looked back and forth at the entire expanse of the embankment visible to him and, as luck would have it, neither here nor on the Neva, he did not see a single living soul. No one can give help to a drowning man, and he will certainly drown... Meanwhile, the drowning man struggles terribly long and stubbornly. It seems like one thing he would like to do is to go down to the bottom without wasting energy, but no! His exhausted moans and inviting cries either break off and fall silent, then begin to be heard again, and, moreover, closer and closer to the palace embankment. It is clear that the man is not yet lost and is on the right path, straight into the light of the lanterns, but he, of course, still will not be saved, because it is here, on this path, that he will fall into the Jordanian ice hole. There he dives under the ice, and that’s it... Then it goes quiet again, and a minute later he’s gargling again and moaning: “Save me, save me!” And now it’s so close that you can even hear splashes of water as he rinses... Soldier Postnikov began to realize that it was extremely easy to save this man. If you now escape onto the ice, then the drowning person will certainly be right there. Throw him a rope, or give him a six, or give him a gun, and he is saved. He is so close that he can grab his hand and jump out. But Postnikov remembers both the service and the oath; he knows that he is a sentry, and the sentry never dares to leave his booth under any pretext. On the other hand, Postnikov’s heart is very rebellious: it aches, it pounds, it just freezes... Even if you tear it out and throw it at your own feet, these groans and cries make him so restless... It’s scary to hear how another person dies, and there is no way to give help to this dying person, when, in fact, there is every opportunity for this, because the booth will not run away from its place and nothing else harmful will happen. “Or run away, huh?.. They won’t see?.. Oh, Lord, it would only be the end! He’s moaning again...” During the one half hour that this lasted, soldier Postnikov was completely tormented in his heart and began to feel “doubts of reason.” But he was a smart and serviceable soldier, with a clear mind, and understood perfectly well that leaving his post was such a crime on the part of the sentry, which would immediately be followed by a military trial, and then a race through the ranks with gauntlets and hard labor, and maybe even and “execution”; but from the side of the swollen river, moans are again flowing closer and closer, and gurgling and desperate floundering can already be heard. - W-o-o-well!.. Save me, I’m drowning! Here now there is a Jordanian ice hole... The end! Postnikov looked around in all directions once or twice. There’s not a soul anywhere, only the lanterns shake in the wind and flicker, and this scream flies intermittently along the wind... maybe the last scream... Here’s another splash, another monotonous scream, and the water gurgles. The sentry could not stand it and left his post. 5 Postnikov rushed to the gangplank, ran with his heart beating strongly onto the ice, then into the floating water of the ice hole and, soon seeing where the drowned man was struggling, handed him the stock of his gun. The drowning man grabbed the butt, and Postnikov pulled him by the bayonet and pulled him ashore. The rescued man and the savior were completely wet, and since the rescued one was very tired and was trembling and falling, his savior, soldier Postnikov, did not dare to abandon him on the ice, but took him to the embankment and began to look around to whom to hand him over. Meanwhile, while all this was being done, a sleigh appeared on the embankment, in which sat an officer of the then existing court invalid team (later abolished). This gentleman who arrived at such an inopportune time for Postnikov was, presumably, a man of a very frivolous character, and, moreover, a little stupid, and quite insolent. He jumped off the sleigh and began to ask: “What kind of person... what kind of people?” “I was drowning, drowning,” Postnikov began. - How did you drown? Who, were you drowning? Why in such a place? And he just flinches away, and Postnikov is no longer there: he took the gun on his shoulder and stood in the booth again. Whether the officer realized what was going on or not, he did not investigate further, but immediately picked up the rescued man in his sleigh and rode with him to Morskaya, to the shelter house of the Admiralty unit. Then the officer made a statement to the bailiff that the wet man he had brought was drowning in the ice hole opposite the palace and was saved by him, Mr. Officer, at the risk of his own life. The one who was rescued was still all wet, cold and exhausted. From fright and from terrible efforts he fell into unconsciousness, and it was indifferent to him who saved him. A sleepy police paramedic was busy around him, and in the office they were writing a report on the verbal statement of the disabled officer and, with the suspicion characteristic of police people, they wondered how he got away with it? And the officer, who had a desire to receive the established medal “for saving the dead,” explained this as a happy coincidence of circumstances, but explained it awkwardly and unbelievably. We went to wake up the bailiff and sent him to make inquiries. Meanwhile, other, fast currents had already formed in the palace regarding this matter. 6 In the palace guardhouse, all the now mentioned revolutions after the officer accepted the rescued drowned man into his sleigh were unknown. There, the Izmailovsky officer and soldiers knew only that their soldier Postnikov, having left the booth, rushed to save a man, and since this is a great violation of military duties, private Postnikov will now certainly go to trial and be flogged, and to all commanding officers, starting from the company commander to the regiment commander, he will get terrible troubles, against which nothing can be objected or justified. The wet and trembling soldier Postnikov, of course, was immediately relieved from his post and, being brought to the guardhouse, he sincerely told N.I. Miller everything that we know, and with all the details, which went down to how the disabled officer placed the rescued man in his room. drowned man and ordered his coachman to gallop to the Admiralty part. The danger became greater and more inevitable. Of course, the disabled officer will tell the bailiff everything, and the bailiff will immediately bring this to the attention of Chief Police Chief Kokoshkin, and he will report to the sovereign in the morning, and a fever will set in. There was no time to argue for a long time; it was necessary to call upon the elders to take action. Nikolai Ivanovich Miller immediately sent an alarming note to his battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Svinin, in which he asked him to come to the palace guardhouse as soon as possible and do all he could to help with the terrible disaster that had occurred. It was already about three o’clock, and Kokoshkin appeared with a report to the sovereign quite early in the morning, so there was very little time left for all thoughts and all actions. 7 Lieutenant Colonel Svinin did not have that compassion and that kindness that always distinguished Nikolai Ivanovich Miller: Svinin was not a heartless person, but first of all and most of all a “serviceman” (a type who is now again remembered with regret). Svinin was distinguished by severity and even liked to flaunt his exacting discipline. He had no taste for evil and did not seek to cause needless suffering to anyone; but if a person violated any duty of service, then Svinin was inexorable. He considered it inappropriate to enter into a discussion of the motives that guided the movement of the guilty person in this case, but adhered to the rule that in the service every guilt is to blame. Therefore, everyone in the guard company knew what Private Postnikov would have to endure for leaving his post, he would endure it, and Svinin would not grieve about it. This is how this staff officer was known to his superiors and comrades, among whom there were people who did not sympathize with Svinin, because “humanism” and other similar delusions had not yet completely emerged. Svinin was indifferent to whether “humanists” blamed or praised him. Begging and pleading with Svinin or even trying to pity him was completely useless. From all this he was tempered by the strong temperament of the career people of that time, but he, like Achilles, had a weak point. Svinin also had a well-started career, which he, of course, carefully guarded and took great care to ensure that not a single speck of dust landed on it, like on a ceremonial uniform: and yet the unfortunate outburst of a man from the battalion entrusted to him was bound to cast a bad shadow to discipline his entire unit. Whether the battalion commander is guilty or not guilty of what one of his soldiers did under the influence of a passion for the noblest compassion - those on whom Svinin’s well-started and carefully maintained career depends will not examine this, and many will even willingly roll a log under his feet, to give way to your neighbor or to promote a young man who is protected by people in case. The Emperor, of course, will be angry and will certainly tell the regimental commander that he has “weak officers”, that their “people are disbanded.” Who did this? - Svinin. This is how it will continue to be repeated that “Svinin is weak,” and so, perhaps, submission to weakness will remain an indelible stain on his, Svinin’s, reputation. Then he would not be anything remarkable among his contemporaries and would not leave his portrait in the gallery of historical figures of the Russian state. Although they were little involved in the study of history at that time, they nevertheless believed in it and were especially willing to participate in its composition. 8 As soon as Svinin received an alarming note from Captain Miller at about three o'clock in the morning, he immediately jumped out of bed, dressed in uniform and, under the influence of fear and anger, arrived at the guardhouse of the Winter Palace. Here he immediately interrogated Private Postnikov and became convinced that incredible incident accomplished. Private Postnikov again quite sincerely confirmed to his battalion commander everything that happened on his watch and what he, Postnikov, had already shown to his company captain Miller. The soldier said that he was “guilty to God and the sovereign without mercy,” that he stood on guard and, having heard the groans of a man drowning in a hole, suffered for a long time, was in a struggle between duty and compassion for a long time, and finally temptation attacked him, and he could not stand this struggle: he left the booth, jumped onto the ice and pulled the drowning man to the shore, and here, as luck would have it, he was caught by a passing officer of the palace invalid team. Lieutenant Colonel Svinin was in despair; he gave himself the only possible satisfaction by taking out his anger on Postnikov, whom he immediately sent under arrest to the barracks punishment cell right from here, and then said several barbs to Miller, reproaching him for his “humaneness,” which is good for nothing in military service; but all this was not enough to improve the matter. It was impossible to find, if not an excuse, then at least an apology for such an act as the sentry leaving his post, and there was only one outcome left - to hide the whole matter from the sovereign... But is it possible to hide such an incident? Apparently, this seemed impossible, since not only all the guards knew about the rescue of the deceased, but also that hated disabled officer, who until now, of course, managed to bring all this to the knowledge of General Kokoshkin. Where to go now? Who should I rush to? Who should we look to for help and protection? Svinin wanted to ride to Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich and tell him everything sincerely. Such maneuvers were in vogue then. Let Grand Duke, due to his ardent character, he would get angry and scream, but his character and custom were such that the more harsh he was at first and even seriously offended, the sooner he would have mercy and stand up for himself. There were many similar cases, and sometimes they were deliberately looked for. “There was no scolding at the gate,” and Svinin would very much like to reduce the matter to this favorable situation, but is it really possible to gain access to the palace at night and disturb the Grand Duke? And it will be too late to wait until morning and come to Mikhail Pavlovich after Kokoshkin has visited the sovereign to report. And while Svinin was worried amid such difficulties, he went limp, and his mind began to discern another way out, which had hitherto been hidden in the fog. 9 Among the well-known military techniques, there is one such thing: at the moment of the greatest danger threatening from the walls of a besieged fortress, one does not move away from it, but walk directly under its walls. Svinin decided not to do anything that had occurred to him at first, but to immediately go straight to Kokoshkin. At that time they said a lot of terrifying and absurd things about Chief Police Officer Kokoshkin in St. Petersburg, but, among other things, they claimed that he had amazing multifaceted tact and, with the assistance of this tact, not only “knew how to make a molehill out of a molehill, but just as easily knows how to make a molehill out of an elephant.” " Kokoshkin was indeed very stern and very menacing and inspired everyone great fear to himself, but he sometimes made peace with naughty men and good merry fellows from the military, and there were many such naughty men then, and more than once they happened to find a powerful and zealous defender in his person. In general, he could and could do a lot if he wanted to. This is how both Svinin and Captain Miller knew him. Miller also encouraged his battalion commander to dare to go immediately to Kokoshkin and trust his generosity and his “multilateral tact,” which would probably dictate to the general how to get out of this unfortunate incident so as not to anger the sovereign, which Kokoshkin, to his credit, he always avoided him with great diligence. Svinin put on his overcoat, looked up and exclaimed several times: “Lord, Lord!” - went to Kokoshkin. It was already five o'clock in the morning. 10 Chief of Police Kokoshkin was woken up and reported to him about Svinin, who had arrived on an important and urgent matter. The general immediately stood up and came out to Svinin in his archaluchka, rubbing his forehead, yawning and shivering. Kokoshkin listened to everything that Svinin told with great attention, but calmly. During all these explanations and requests for leniency, he said only one thing: “The soldier threw the booth and saved the man?” “Exactly so,” answered Svinin. - And the booth? - It remained empty at that time. - Hm... I knew that it remained empty. I'm very glad it wasn't stolen. From this, Svinin became even more convinced that he already knew everything and that he, of course, had already decided for himself in what form he would present this at the morning report to the sovereign, and he would not change this decision. Otherwise, such an event as a sentry leaving his post on the palace guard would undoubtedly have alarmed the energetic chief police officer much more. But Kokoshkin knew nothing. The bailiff, to whom the disabled officer came with the rescued drowned man, did not see any particular importance in this matter. In his eyes, this was not even such a thing as to disturb the tired chief of police at night, and besides, the very event seemed quite suspicious to the bailiff, because the disabled officer was completely dry, which could not possibly have happened if he was rescuing a drowned man with danger to his life. own life. The bailiff saw in this officer only an ambitious man and a liar who wanted to have one new medal on his chest, and therefore, while his duty officer was writing a report, the bailiff kept the officer with him and tried to extract the truth from him by asking him about small details. The bailiff was also not pleased that such an incident happened in his unit and that the drowned man was pulled out not by a policeman, but by a palace officer. Kokoshkin’s calmness was simply explained, firstly, by the terrible fatigue that he was experiencing at that time after a whole day’s bustle and nightly participation in putting out two fires, and secondly, by the fact that the job done by the sentry Postnikov, his, Mr. - the police chief, did not directly concern. However, Kokoshkin immediately made the corresponding order. He sent for the bailiff of the Admiralty unit and ordered him to immediately appear together with the disabled officer and the rescued drowned man, and asked Svinin to wait in the small reception room in front of the office. Then Kokoshkin retired to the office and, without closing the door behind him, sat down at the table and began to sign papers; but immediately he bowed his head in his hands and fell asleep at the table in an armchair. 11 At that time there were no city telegraphs or telephones, and to quickly transmit orders to the authorities, “forty thousand couriers” galloped in all directions, about which a lasting memory will be preserved in Gogol’s comedy. This, of course, was not as fast as the telegraph or telephone, but it brought significant revitalization to the city and testified to the vigilance of the authorities. While the out of breath bailiff and rescue officer, as well as the rescued drowned man, arrived from the Admiralty unit, the nervous and energetic General Kokoshkin took a nap and refreshed himself. This was noticeable in the expression of his face and in the manifestation of his mental abilities. Kokoshkin demanded everyone come to the office and invited Svinin along with them. - Protocol? - Kokoshkin asked the bailiff in monosyllables in a refreshed voice. He silently handed him a folded sheet of paper and whispered quietly: “I must ask permission to report a few words to Your Excellency in confidence…” “Okay.” Kokoshkin retreated into the window embrasure, followed by the bailiff. - What's happened? The vague whisper of the bailiff and the clear grunting of the general were heard... - Hm... Yes! - Nothing, sir. The general came out of the embrasure, sat down at the table and began to read. He read the protocol to himself, revealing neither fear nor doubt, and then directly addressed a loud and firm question to the saved one: “How did you, brother, end up in the wormwood opposite the palace?” “I’m guilty,” answered the rescued man. - That's it! Were you drunk? - Sorry, I wasn’t drunk, but drunk. - Why did you get into the water? “I wanted to get closer through the ice, but I lost my way and ended up in the water.” - So it was dark in the eyes? - It was dark, it was dark all around, Your Excellency! - And you couldn’t see who pulled you out? - Sorry, I didn’t look at anything. Here they are, it seems. “He pointed at the officer and added: “I couldn’t see, I was scared.” - That’s just it, you hang around when you should be sleeping! Look closely now and remember forever who is your benefactor. A noble man sacrificed his life for you! - I will remember forever. - What is your name, Mr. Officer? The officer identified himself by name. - Do you hear? - I’m listening, Your Excellency. -Are you Orthodox? - Orthodox, your Excellency. - Write this name down as a memorial for your health. - I'll write it down, Your Excellency. - Pray to God for him and get out: you are no longer needed. He bowed at his feet and rolled out, immensely pleased that he had been released. Svinin stood and wondered how everything took such a turn by the grace of God! 12 Kokoshkin turned to the disabled officer: “Did you save this man at the risk of your own life?” - Exactly so, Your Excellency. - There were no witnesses to this incident, and at this late date there could not have been? - Yes, Your Excellency, it was dark, and there was no one on the embankment except the sentries. - There is no need to mention the sentries: the sentry guards his post and should not be distracted by anything extraneous. I believe what is written in the protocol. After all, this is from your words? Kokoshkin pronounced these words with special emphasis, as if he was threatening or shouting. But the officer did not shy away, but with his eyes wide and his chest bulging, answered: “From my words and absolutely right, Your Excellency.” - Your action is worthy of reward. He began to bow gratefully. “There’s nothing to be grateful for,” Kokoshkin continued. “I will report your selfless act to the Emperor, and your chest, perhaps, will be decorated with a medal today.” Now you can go home, get a warm drink and don’t go out anywhere, because you might be needed. The disabled officer completely beamed, bowed and left. Kokoshkin looked after him and said: “It is possible that the sovereign will wish to see him himself.” “I’m listening, sir,” the bailiff answered intelligently. - I don't need you anymore. The bailiff came out and, closing the door behind him, immediately, out of pious habit, crossed himself. The disabled officer was waiting for the bailiff below, and they went together to a much more warm relations than when we entered here. In the chief police chief’s office, only Svinin remained, at whom Kokoshkin first looked with a long, intent gaze and then asked: “Have you been to the Grand Duke?” At that time, when the Grand Duke was mentioned, everyone knew that this referred to Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich. “I came straight to you,” answered Svinin. - Who is the guard officer? - Captain Miller. Kokoshkin looked at Svinin again and then said: “It seems to me that you told me something differently before.” Svinin didn’t even understand what this referred to and remained silent, and Kokoshkin added: “Well, it doesn’t matter: rest peacefully.” The audience is over. 13 At one o’clock in the afternoon, the disabled officer was indeed again called upon to see Kokoshkin, who very kindly announced to him that the sovereign was very pleased that among the officers of the disabled team of his palace there were such vigilant and selfless people, and was bestowing upon him a medal “for saving the dead.” At the same time, Kokoshkin personally presented the hero with a medal, and he went to flaunt it. The matter, therefore, could be considered completely done, but Lieutenant Colonel Svinin felt some kind of incompleteness in it and considered himself called upon to put the point sur les i. He was so alarmed that he was ill for three days, and on the fourth he got up, went to Petrovsky House, and served thanksgiving prayer before the icon of the Savior and, returning home with a calm soul, sent to ask Captain Miller to come to him. “Well, thank God, Nikolai Ivanovich,” he said to Miller, “now the thunderstorm that was weighing on us has completely passed, and our unfortunate matter with the sentry has completely settled down.” Now it seems we can breathe easy. We, without a doubt, owe all this first to the mercy of God, and then to General Kokoshkin. Let it be said about him that he is both unkind and heartless, but I am filled with gratitude to his generosity and respect for his resourcefulness and tact. He surprisingly masterfully took advantage of the boasting of this disabled scoundrel, who, in truth, should have been given a medal for his impudence, but rather torn out in the stable, but there was nothing else to do: it had to be used to save many, and Kokoshkin turned the whole matter around so cleverly that no one got into the slightest trouble - on the contrary, everyone was very happy and satisfied. Between you and me, I have been told through a reliable person that Kokoshkin himself is very pleased with me. He was pleased that I didn’t go anywhere, but came straight to him and didn’t argue with this rogue who received a medal. In a word, no one was hurt, and everything was done with such tact that there is nothing to fear in the future, but we have a small flaw. We, too, must tactfully follow Kokoshkin’s example and finish the matter on our part in such a way as to protect ourselves just in case later. There is one more person whose position has not been formalized. I'm talking about Private Postnikov. He is still in the punishment cell under arrest, and he is no doubt tormented by the anticipation of what will happen to him. His painful languor must also cease. - Yes, it's time! - suggested the delighted Miller. - Well, of course, and you all had better do this: please go to the barracks right now, gather your company, take Private Postnikov out from under arrest and punish him in front of the formation with two hundred rods. 14 Miller was amazed and made an attempt to persuade Svinin to completely spare and forgive Private Postnikov, who had already suffered a lot in the punishment cell, waiting in the punishment cell for a decision on what would happen to him; but Svinin flared up and did not even allow Miller to continue. “No,” he interrupted, “leave it: I was just talking to you about tact, and now you are starting to be tactless!” Leave it! Svinin changed his tone to a drier and more formal one and added with firmness: “And in this matter, you yourself are also not entirely right and even very guilty, because you have a gentleness that does not suit a military man, and this lack of your character is reflected in the subordination in your subordinates, then I order you to personally attend the execution and insist that the section be carried out seriously... as strictly as possible. To do this, please order that the young soldiers who have recently arrived from the army should be flogged with rods, because our old men are all infected with guard liberalism in this regard: they do not flog their comrade as they should, but only scare the fleas behind his back. I'll come by myself and see for myself how the blame will be made. Evasion from any official orders of the commanding officer, of course, did not take place, and the kind-hearted N.I. Miller had to exactly carry out the order he received from his battalion commander. The company was lined up in the courtyard of the Izmailovsky barracks, rods were brought from the reserve in sufficient quantities, and Private Postnikov, who was taken out of the punishment cell, was “made” with the diligent assistance of young comrades newly arrived from the army. These people, unspoiled by Guards liberalism, perfectly showed him all the points sur les i, which were fully defined for him by his battalion commander. Then the punished Postnikov was raised and directly from here, in the same greatcoat on which he was flogged, transferred to the regimental infirmary. 15 Battalion commander Svinin, upon receiving the report on the execution, immediately visited Postnikov in the infirmary in a fatherly manner and, to his satisfaction, was most clearly convinced that his order was carried out to perfection. The compassionate and nervous Postnikov was “done properly.” Svinin was pleased and ordered that he give the punished Postnikov a pound of sugar and a quarter of a pound of tea so that he could enjoy himself while he recovered. Postnikov, lying on his bed, heard this order about tea and answered: “I am very pleased, your honor, thank you for your fatherly mercy.” And he really was “pleased” because, sitting in the punishment cell for three days, he expected much worse. Two hundred rods, in the powerful times of that time, meant very little in comparison with the punishments that people suffered under the sentences of a military court; and this is exactly the punishment that Postnikov would have received if, to his happiness, all those bold and tactical evolutions described above had not occurred. But the number of everyone happy with the incident was not limited to this. 16 Quietly, the exploit of private Postnikov spread across various circles in the capital, which at that time of printed silence lived in an atmosphere of endless gossip. In oral transmissions, the name of the real hero - soldier Postnikov - was lost, but the epic itself swelled and took on a very interesting, romantic character. They said that some extraordinary swimmer was swimming towards the palace from the direction of the Peter and Paul Fortress, at whom one of the sentries standing at the palace shot and wounded the swimmer, and a passing disabled officer rushed into the water and saved him, for which they received: one - a due reward, and the other is a well-deserved punishment. This absurd rumor reached the courtyard, where at that time the bishop lived, cautious and not indifferent to “secular events,” and favorably favored the devout Moscow family of the Svinins. The legend about the shot seemed unclear to the insightful ruler. What kind of night swimmer is this? If he was an escaped prisoner, then why was the sentry punished for doing his duty by shooting at him as he sailed across the Neva from the fortress? If it is not a prisoner, but another mysterious person , who had to be rescued from the waves of the Neva, then why could the sentry know about him? And then again it cannot be so, as they talk about in the world. In the world they take a lot of things extremely lightly and talk vainly, but those who live in monasteries and farmsteads take everything much more seriously and know the most real things about secular affairs. 17 One day, when Svinin happened to visit the bishop to receive a blessing from him, the highly respected host spoke to him “speaking of the shot.” Svinin told the whole truth, in which, as we know, there was nothing similar to what was told “by the way about the shot.” Vladyka listened to the real story in silence, slightly moving his white rosary and not taking his eyes off the narrator. When Svinin had finished, the bishop said in a quietly murmuring speech: “Therefore, we must conclude that not everything in this case and not everywhere was presented in accordance with the complete truth?” Svinin hesitated and then answered with a bias that it was not he who reported, but General Kokoshkin. The Bishop, in silence, passed the rosary through his wax fingers several times and then said: “We must distinguish between what is a lie and what is incomplete truth.” Again the rosary, again silence, and finally a quiet speech: - An incomplete truth is not a lie. But that's the least of it. “This is really so,” said the encouraged Svinin. “Of course, what bothers me most is that I had to punish this soldier who, although he violated his duty... Rosary and a quiet interruption: “Duty of service should never be violated.” - Yes, but he did this out of generosity, out of compassion, and, moreover, with such a struggle and with danger: he understood that by saving the life of another person, he was destroying himself... This is a high, holy feeling! - The holy is known to God, but punishment on the body of a commoner is not destructive and does not contradict either the custom of nations or the spirit of Scripture. The vine is much easier to bear on the gross body than subtle suffering in the spirit. In this regard, justice did not suffer from you in the least. - But he is also deprived of the reward for saving the dead. - Saving the perishing is not a merit, but more than a duty. Whoever could have saved and failed to save is subject to the punishment of the laws, and whoever saved has fulfilled his duty. Pause, rosary and quiet flow: - For a warrior to endure humiliation and wounds for his feat can be much more useful than to be exalted by a badge. But what is most important in all this is to be careful about this whole matter and not to mention anywhere about who was told about this on any occasion. Obviously, the bishop was pleased too. 18 If I had the boldness of the happy chosen ones of heaven, who, according to their great faith, are given the power to penetrate the mysteries of God’s vision, then perhaps I would dare to allow myself the assumption that, probably, God himself was pleased with the behavior of the humble soul of Postnikov, created by him . But my faith is small; it does not give my mind the strength to contemplate such lofty things: I cling to earthly and earthly things. I think about those mortals who love goodness simply for its own sake and do not expect any rewards for it anywhere. These straightforward and reliable people, too, it seems to me, should be quite satisfied with the holy impulse of love and the no less holy patience of the humble hero of my precise and artless story.The event, the story of which is brought to the attention of readers below, is touching and terrible in its significance for the main heroic person of the play, and the denouement of the case is so original that something similar to it is hardly even possible anywhere except Russia.
This is partly a courtly, partly a historical anecdote, not bad characterizing the morals and direction of a very interesting, but extremely poorly noted era of the thirties of the ongoing nineteenth century.
There is no fiction in the upcoming story at all.
Chapter two
In winter, around Epiphany, in 1839, there was a strong thaw in St. Petersburg. It was so wet that it was almost like it was spring: the snow was melting, drops were falling from the roofs during the day, and the ice on the rivers turned blue and turned watery. There were deep ice holes on the Neva in front of the Winter Palace. The wind was blowing warm, from the west, but very strong: water was blowing in from the seaside, and the cannons were firing.
The guard in the palace was occupied by a company of the Izmailovsky regiment, commanded by a brilliantly educated and very well-established young officer, Nikolai Ivanovich Miller (later a full general and director of the lyceum). This was a man with a so-called “humane” tendency, which had long been noticed in him and slightly harmed his service in the attention of the highest authorities.
In fact, Miller was a serviceable and reliable officer, and the palace guard at that time did not pose anything dangerous. It was the quietest and most serene time. The palace guard was not required to do anything other than accurately stand at their posts, and yet right here, on Captain Miller’s guard line at the palace, a very extraordinary and alarming incident occurred, which few of the living contemporaries of that time now barely remember.
Chapter Three
At first everything went well on guard: posts were distributed, people were placed, and everything was in perfect order. Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich was healthy, went for a ride in the evening, returned home and went to bed. The palace also fell asleep. The calmest night has arrived. There is silence in the guardhouse. Captain Miller pinned his white handkerchief to the high and always traditionally greasy morocco back of the officer's chair and sat down to while away the time with a book.
N. I. Miller was always a passionate reader, and therefore he was not bored, but read and did not notice how the night floated away; but suddenly, at the end of the second hour of the night, he was alarmed by a terrible anxiety: a non-commissioned non-commissioned officer appeared in front of him and, all pale, overwhelmed with fear, babbled quickly:
- Trouble, your honor, trouble!
- What's happened?!
- A terrible misfortune has befallen!
N. I. Miller jumped up in indescribable alarm and could hardly really find out what exactly the “trouble” and “terrible misfortune” were.
Chapter Four
The matter was as follows: a sentry, a soldier of the Izmailovsky regiment, by the name of Postnikov, standing on guard outside at the present Jordan entrance, heard that in the hole that covered the Neva opposite this place, a man was drowning and desperately praying for help.
Soldier Postnikov, one of the gentlemen's courtyard people, was a very nervous and very sensitive person. For a long time he listened to the distant screams and moans of the drowning man and became numb from them. In horror, he looked back and forth at the entire expanse of the embankment visible to him and, as luck would have it, neither here nor on the Neva, he did not see a single living soul.
No one can give help to a drowning person, and he will certainly drown...
Meanwhile, the drowning man struggles terribly long and stubbornly.
It seems like he would like one thing - to go down to the bottom without wasting energy, but no! His exhausted moans and inviting cries either break off and fall silent, then begin to be heard again, and, moreover, closer and closer to the palace embankment. It is clear that the man is not yet lost and is on the right path, straight into the light of the lanterns, but he, of course, still will not be saved, because it is here on this path that he will fall into the Jordanian ice hole. There he dives under the ice and is done for... Then it quiets down again, and a minute later he is again rinsing and moaning: “Save me, save me!” And now it’s so close that you can even hear splashes of water as he rinses...
Soldier Postnikov began to realize that it was extremely easy to save this man. If you now escape onto the ice, then the drowning person will certainly be right there. Throw him a rope, or give him a six, or give him a gun, and he is saved. He is so close that he can grab his hand and jump out. But Postnikov remembers both the service and the oath; he knows that he is a sentry, and the sentry never dares to leave his booth under any pretext.
On the other hand, Postnikov’s heart is very rebellious: it aches, it pounds, it just freezes... Even if you tear it out and throw it at your own feet, these groans and cries make him so restless... It’s scary to hear how another person dies, and there is no way to give help to this dying person, when, in fact, there is every opportunity for this, because the booth will not run away from its place and nothing else harmful will happen. “Or run away, huh?.. They won’t see?.. Oh, Lord, it would only be the end! Moaning again..."
In the one half hour that this lasted, soldier Postnikov became completely tormented in his heart and began to feel “doubts of reason.” But he was a smart and serviceable soldier, with a clear mind, and understood perfectly well that leaving his post was such a crime on the part of the sentry, which would immediately be followed by a military trial, and then a race through the ranks with gauntlets and hard labor, and maybe even "execution"; but from the side of the swollen river, moans are again flowing closer and closer, and gurgling and desperate floundering can already be heard.
- Text for a reader's diary
- The main idea of the story
- Summary
- Summary by chapter
Leskov Man on the clock for a reader's diary
Soldier Postnikov was standing sentry when he heard a call for help. He kept thinking and pondering whether he should leave his post and see who is in trouble, or should he at least remain in the service? Postnikov saves a man drowning in the river and immediately returns. The victim is taken away by a disabled officer. Postnikov was punished for absence during service. He is sent to a punishment cell.
A lot of high-ranking officials were involved in the story so that it would not become known to the sovereign. The police chief, after interrogating the disabled officer and the rescued one, decides to reward the officer. He receives a medal for a good deed. A completely different fate awaits the poor soldier. He was pulled out of the punishment cell and received two hundred lashes. For the soldier, this punishment was not very terrible, since he expected a worse decision. The priest learns about the whole truth. He concludes that lashing was a better solution for the soldier than being exalted and praised.
The main idea of Leskov's story The Man on the Clock
Human moral duty is always paramount, even if doing the right thing may cause one to suffer.
Actions begin with a description warm weather in the middle of winter. At the time of Epiphany in 1839 the weather was strangely warm. It was so warm that the ice on the Neva began to melt. One soldier, who that day was a sentry in the Izmailovsky regiment, heard strange human screams and screams. Someone was calling for help. The soldier's name was Postnikov. He didn’t know what to do, because he couldn’t leave his guard post, and the man kept calling for help. He nevertheless decided to run and see what was going on. The voice came from the river. Postnikov saved a drowning man by pulling him out with a gun. The poor man's life was still in danger, since he was very cold and completely weak. At that moment, the soldier saw the officer in the wheelchair. He immediately returned to guard duty. An officer picked up the drowning man and, imagining himself as a savior, took him to a rental house.
The few minutes of Postnikov's absence did not remain a secret. His absence was noticed and immediately sent to Officer Miller. Postnikov was put in a punishment cell. For fear that the sovereign might find out about everything, the commander was forced to turn to officer Svinin for help. It got to the point where a lot of people were involved. After contacting Svinin, it was decided to ask Chief Police Chief Kokoshkin for advice. The latter decided to take a decisive step.
He first of all considered it necessary to meet with the disabled officer himself and with the man whose rescue had caused such a stir among numerous high-ranking officials. The disabled officer and the drowning man were thoroughly interrogated. As a result of this interrogation, the police chief learned that except for the sentry, no one else had any idea about what happened and he was the only witness to the whole story of the rescue. The disabled officer again acted as a savior. This time his feat was properly appreciated. He was awarded a medal intended for similar stories, when one saves the life of another person.
The real savior was in the punishment cell all this time. In his thoughts he had already changed his mind and tried to predict any course of events. His reward for saving the poor perishing man was punishment, namely, to receive two hundred strokes of the rod. After his punishment, the soldier was still very pleased with Svinin’s decision, since much more difficult rewards came to his mind than the blows he received with a rod. The priest became aware of this story. He thought about what had happened and concluded that it was better to punish the soldier for such a feat than to exalt him. This way there will be more benefits.
Summary of the Man on the Clock by chapters (Leskov)
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
This Touching story happened in winter in St. Petersburg. On guard in the palace was a company commanded by officer Nikolai Miller. He was a very reliable and humane person.
Chapter 3
The night was quiet and calm, Officer Miller whiled away the time reading a book. Suddenly he is informed that something bad has happened.
Chapter 4
It turned out that the sentry Postnikov, who was on guard, heard a cry for help from a drowning man. Being a very sensitive person, he left his post and went to help a drowning man.
Chapter 5
Soldier Postnikov rushed onto the ice and pulled the man out of the water. At that moment a sleigh approached them. A frivolous and arrogant officer sat in them. He picked up the rescued man and took him to the police. At the police station, wanting to receive a reward, he said that he had saved a drowning man.
Chapter 6
Soldier Postnikov reports to Miller about what happened. Miller understands that all the commanders are in danger of trouble, and the soldier cannot avoid serious punishment. He sends a note about the incident to his commander Svinin.
Chapter 7
Lieutenant Colonel Svinin valued his place in the service very much. He did not tolerate violations of service and was a strict and unforgiving person in this regard.
Chapter 8
As soon as the lieutenant colonel read the note from Miller, he immediately went to interrogate the soldier Postnikov. After the interrogation, being in a state of anger and despair, he sent the soldier under arrest to a punishment cell. Then Svinin began to think about how to hide what had happened from the king.
Chapter 9
Lieutenant Colonel Svinin decides to go to General Kokoshkin. He knows that this person will help him get out of any current situation without angering the king.
Chapter 10
Kokoshkin listens to Svinin’s story and calls the bailiff who received the rescued man at night, and the officer who allegedly saved the man.
Chapter 11
They come to Kokoshkin together with the rescued man. Kokoshkin conducts a conversation with the rescued person. He realizes that he does not remember the face of the man who saved him. Kokoshkin assures the rescued man that the officer who brought him to the station is his savior.
Chapter 12
Kokoshkin promises to present the award to the officer who allegedly saved the man. In this way he wants to get out of the current unpleasant situation. He understands that now no one will know that the soldier left his post and saved the man.
Chapter 13
Kokoshkin gives the medal to the liar. Svinin feels relieved, he orders Miller to release the soldier Postnikov and punish him with rods in front of the soldiers.
Chapter 14
Miller asks to spare the soldier, but the lieutenant colonel demands that the order be followed. Postnikov is released, flogged and sent for treatment.
Chapter 15
Svinin visits the soldier in the infirmary and orders him to be given sugar and tea. The soldier thanks him for the treats. He was pleased with this outcome of events, as he was counting on a worse punishment.
Chapter 16
Rumors and fictitious fables about the feat of soldier Postnikov begin to spread throughout the capital. The ruler of St. Petersburg, to whom these stories also reached, wants to find out how everything really happened.
Chapter 17
Somehow, the ruler meets with Svinin and learns the whole truth about the incident. Svinin complains that he is tormented by his conscience because another person received the award, and the soldier was punished with rods. The Lord assures him that he did everything right.
Chapter 18
The action in the book begins at the beginning of the 32nd century. On Earth, communism is idealized, which led to cultural and scientific-technical development. Such progress has led to climate change on the planet
A peasant family lives in a hut: husband Prokol, wife Daria and their two children Masha and Grisha. Darya is expecting her third child.
Genka has been unable to pass English for a long time. The circumstance may result in unpleasant consequences for him. He may be left for a second year, and if the situation is not corrected, his father threatens to punish him severely.
The matter was as follows: a sentry, a soldier of the Izmailovsky regiment, by the name of Postnikov, standing on guard outside at the present Jordan entrance, heard that in the hole that covered the Neva opposite this place, a man was drowning and desperately praying for help.
Soldier Postnikov, one of the gentlemen's courtyard people, was a very nervous and very sensitive person. For a long time he listened to the distant screams and moans of the drowning man and became numb from them. In horror, he looked back and forth at the entire expanse of the embankment visible to him and, as luck would have it, neither here nor on the Neva, he did not see a single living soul.
No one can give help to a drowning man, and he will certainly drown...
Meanwhile, the drowning man struggles terribly long and stubbornly.
It seems like one thing he would like to do is to go down to the bottom without wasting energy, but no! His exhausted moans and inviting cries either break off and fall silent, then begin to be heard again, and, moreover, closer and closer to the palace embankment. It is clear that the man is not yet lost and is on the right path, straight into the light of the lanterns, but he, of course, still will not be saved, because it is here on this path that he will fall into the Jordanian ice hole. There he dives under the ice and is done... Then it quiets down again, and a minute later he is again gargling and moaning: “Save me, save me!” And now it’s so close that you can even hear the splashes of water as he rinses...
Soldier Postnikov began to realize that it was extremely easy to save this man. If you now escape onto the ice, then the drowning person will certainly be right there. Throw him a rope, or give him a six, or give him a gun, and he is saved. He is so close that he can grab his hand and jump out. But Postnikov remembers both the service and the oath; he knows that he is a sentry, and the sentry never dares to leave his booth under any pretext.
On the other hand, Postnikov’s heart is very rebellious; it just aches, it just knocks, it just freezes...
Even if you tear it out and throw it at your own feet, these groans and cries make him feel so restless... It’s scary to hear how another person is dying, and not to give this dying person help, when, in fact, there is every opportunity for that , because the booth will not run away from its place and nothing else harmful will happen. “Or run away, huh?.. They won’t see?.. Oh, Lord, it would only be the end! Moaning again..."
In the one half hour that this lasted, soldier Postnikov became completely tormented in his heart and began to feel “doubts of reason.” But he was a smart and serviceable soldier, with a clear mind, and understood perfectly well that leaving his post was such a crime on the part of the sentry, which would immediately be followed by a military trial, and then a race through the ranks with gauntlets and hard labor, and maybe even "execution"; but from the side of the swollen river, moans are again flowing closer and closer, and gurgling and desperate floundering can already be heard.
W-o-o-well!.. Save me, I’m drowning!
Here now there is a Jordanian ice hole... The end!
Postnikov looked around in all directions once or twice. There is not a soul anywhere, only the lanterns shake and flicker in the wind, and this scream flies intermittently along the wind... maybe the last scream...
Another splash, another monotonous scream, and the water began to gurgle.
The sentry could not stand it and left his post.
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