The Russian Federation is a great state, occupying first place on the planet in terms of territory and national wealth. However, its main pride is its outstanding citizens who have left a noticeable mark on history. Our country has raised a huge number of famous scientists, politicians, military leaders, athletes and artists of world renown. Their achievements allowed Russia to occupy one of the leading positions in the list of superpowers on the planet.
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Who are they, outstanding citizens of Russia? The list can be continued endlessly, because every period in the history of our Fatherland has its great people who became famous in different fields of activity. Among the most prominent personalities who, to one degree or another, influenced the course of both Russian and world history, it is worth mentioning the following:
- Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
- Peter the Great.
- Alexander Suvorov.
- Mikhail Lomonosov.
- Dmitriy Mendeleev.
- Yuri Gagarin.
- Andrey Sakharov.
Minin and Pozharsky
The outstanding citizen of Russia Kuzma Minin and his equally famous contemporary Prince Dmitry Pozharsky went down in history as the liberators of Russian lands from Polish invaders. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Time of Troubles began in the Russian state. The crisis, which engulfed many areas of life, was aggravated by the presence of impostors on the capital’s throne. In Moscow, Smolensk and a number of other cities, the Polish gentry ruled in full swing, and the western borders of the country were occupied by Swedish troops.
In order to drive out foreign invaders from Russian lands and liberate the country, the clergy called on the population to create a people's militia and liberate the capital from the Poles. The Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), who, although not of noble origin, responded to the call, but was a true patriot of his Motherland. In a short time, he managed to gather an army from the residents of Nizhny Novgorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky from the Rurik family agreed to head it.
Gradually, residents of surrounding cities, dissatisfied with the dominance of the Polish gentry in Moscow, began to join the people's militia of Nizhny Novgorod. By the fall of 1612, the army of Minin and Pozharsky numbered about 10 thousand people. At the beginning of November 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod militia managed to expel the Poles from the capital and force them to sign an act of surrender. The successful operation was made possible thanks to the skillful actions of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818, the memory of the heroic liberators of Moscow was immortalized by the sculptor I. Martos in a monument erected on Red Square.
Peter the First
The significance of the reign of Peter I, nicknamed the Great State for his services to the state, is difficult to overestimate. An outstanding citizen of Russia, Peter the Great was on the throne for 43 years, coming to power at the age of 17. He turned the country into the greatest empire, founded the city of Petersburg on the Neva and moved the capital to it from Moscow, carried out a number of successful military campaigns, thanks to which he significantly expanded the borders of the state. Peter the Great began trading with Europe, founded the Academy of Sciences, opened many educational institutions, introduced compulsory study of foreign languages, and forced representatives of the noble classes to wear secular attire.
The significance of the reign of Peter I for Russia
The sovereign's reforms strengthened the economy and science, contributed to the development of the army and navy. His successful domestic and foreign policies became the basis for the further growth and development of the state. Voltaire highly appreciated the internal transformations of Russia in Peter's times. He wrote that the Russian people managed to achieve in half a century what other nations could not achieve in 500 years of their existence.
A. V. Suvorov
The most outstanding citizen of Russia in the second half of the 18th century is, of course, the great commander, Generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Alexander Suvorov. This talented military leader fought more than 60 major battles and was not defeated in any of them. The army under the command of Suvorov managed to win even in cases where the enemy forces significantly outnumbered it. The commander took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1791, brilliantly commanded Russian troops during the storming of Prague in 1794, and in the last years of his life he led the Italian and Swiss campaigns.
In battles, Suvorov used combat tactics that he personally developed, which were significantly ahead of their time. He did not recognize military drill and instilled in his soldiers a love for the Fatherland, considering it the key to victory in any battle. The legendary commander made sure that during military campaigns his army was provided with everything necessary. He heroically shared all the hardships with the soldiers, thanks to which he enjoyed great authority and respect among them. For his victories, Suvorov was awarded all the high military awards existing in his time in the Russian Empire. In addition, he was a holder of seven foreign orders.
M. V. Lomonosov
Outstanding citizens of Russia glorified their country not only in the art of statecraft or military tactics. Mikhail Lomonosov belongs to the cohort of the greatest Russian scientists who made a huge contribution to the development of world science. Born into a poor family and unable to receive a decent education, from early childhood he had a high intelligence and was drawn to knowledge. Lomonosov's desire for science was so strong that at the age of 19 he left his village, walked to Moscow and entered the Slavic-Greco-Roman Academy. This was followed by studies at St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences. To improve his knowledge of the natural sciences, Mikhail was sent to Europe. At 34, the young scientist became an academician.
Without exaggeration, Lomonosov can be considered a universal person. He had brilliant knowledge of chemistry, physics, geography, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, history, and genealogy. In addition, the scientist was an excellent poet, writer and artist. Lomonosov made many discoveries in physics, chemistry and astronomy, and became the founder of the science of glass. He owns the project for the creation of Moscow University, which was later named after him.
D. I. Mendeleev
The world-famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Having been born in Tobolsk in the family of a gymnasium director, he had no barriers to receiving an education. At the age of 21, young Mendeleev graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute with a gold medal. A few months later, he defended his dissertation for the right to lecture and began teaching practice. At the age of 23, Mendeleev was awarded a master's degree in chemistry. From this age he began teaching at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg. At the age of 31 he became a professor of chemical technology, and after 2 years - a professor of general chemistry.
Worldwide fame of the great chemist
In 1869, at the age of 35, Dmitry Mendeleev made a discovery that made him famous throughout the world. We are talking about the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. It became the basis for all modern chemistry. Attempts to systematize elements by properties and atomic weight were made before Mendeleev, but he was the first who managed to clearly formulate the pattern existing between them.
The periodic table is not the only achievement of the scientist. He wrote many fundamental works on chemistry and initiated the creation of the Chamber of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. D.I. Mendeleev was a holder of eight honorary orders of the Russian Empire and foreign countries. He was awarded a doctorate from the Turin Academy of Sciences, Oxford, Cambridge, Priston, Edinburgh and Göttingen universities. Mendeleev's scientific authority was so high that he was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times. Unfortunately, the winners of this prestigious international award were different scientists each time. However, this fact does not in any way diminish the merits of the famous chemist to the Fatherland.
Yu. A. Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin is a prominent citizen of Soviet-era Russia. On April 12, 1961, on the Vostok-1 spacecraft, he flew into space for the first time in the history of mankind. Having spent 108 minutes in Earth's orbit, the cosmonaut returned to the planet as an international hero. Even world movie stars could envy Gagarin’s popularity. He made official visits to more than 30 foreign countries and traveled throughout the USSR.
An outstanding citizen of Russia, Yuri Gagarin, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the highest insignia of many countries. He was preparing for a new space flight, but a plane crash that happened in March 1968 in the Vladimir region tragically cut short his life. Having lived only 34 years, Gagarin became one of the greatest people of the 20th century. Streets and squares in all major cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after him, and monuments to him have been erected in many foreign countries. In honor of Yuri Gagarin's flight, International Cosmonautics Day is celebrated all over the world on April 12.
A. D. Sakharov
In addition to Gagarin, there were many other outstanding Russian citizens in the Soviet Union. The USSR became famous throughout the world thanks to academician Andrei Sakharov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of physics. In 1949, together with Yu. Khariton, he developed a project for a hydrogen bomb - the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. In addition, Sakharov conducted a lot of research on magnetic hydrodynamics, gravity, astrophysics, and plasma physics. In the mid-70s, he predicted the emergence of the Internet. In 1975, the academician was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
In addition to science, Sakharov was engaged in active human rights activities, for which he fell out of favor with the Soviet leadership. In 1980, he was stripped of all titles and highest awards, after which he was deported from Moscow to Gorky. After the start of Perestroika, Sakharov was allowed to return to the capital. The last years of his life he continued to engage in scientific activities, and was also elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council. In 1989, the scientist worked on a draft of a new Soviet constitution, which proclaimed the right of peoples to statehood, but sudden death did not allow him to complete the work he had started.
Outstanding citizens of Russia of the 21st century
Today in our country there live a huge number of people who glorify it in politics, science, art and other fields of activity. The most famous scientists of our time are physicists Mikhail Allenov and Valery Rachkov, urbanist Denis Vizgalov, historian Vyacheslav Vorobyov, economist Nadezhda Kosareva, etc. Outstanding artists of the 21st century include artists Ilya Glazunov and Alena Azernaya, conductors Valery Gergiev and Yuri Bashmet, opera singers Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Anna Netrebko, actors Sergei Bezrukov and Konstantin Khabensky, directors Nikita Mikhalkov and Timur Bekmambetov and others. Well, the most outstanding politician in Russia today is its President, Vladimir Putin.
Famous people seem almost ideal to everyone else; it seems that they immediately became famous, or that they cannot get into funny and absurd situations. But, in fact, they are people like everyone else. Not everyone immediately understood what exactly they were talented at, and some did not immediately receive recognition. Reading interesting stories from, you begin to treat them not only as special individuals, but also as people who can make mistakes, get into ridiculous situations and achieve their goals.
Jules Verne
This is not just a writer of adventure novels, but also one of those authors who could foresee some things. Jules Verne also belonged to this category, and his works were the favorite books of not only children, but also adults. They contained not only fantastic inventions for that time, but also colorful descriptions of nature and the depths of the sea. And the life of Jules Verne was as bright and a little mysterious as his novels.
- Back in 1839, the boy, who was only 11 years old, went to the port of Nantes, where the schooner Coralie was located. This is exactly what this boy chose as a cabin boy. This ship was supposed to go to the fabulous and mysterious India, where he so dreamed of going. But he was noticed in time and put ashore. Many years later, already as a grown man, he told those around him that his calling was in maritime affairs. And he regretted that he could not become a sailor then. This boy was Jules Verne.
- People often said that his novels described technologies that would be invented in the future. One of these stories is connected with the legend of the writer’s family. Allegedly, in 1863 the writer finished work on the novel “Paris in the 20th Century.” He returned from the publishing house puzzled: the publisher refused to print the manuscript because it was too fantastic! And suddenly, in 1989, Verne’s great-grandson discovered that very novel and the inventions that were described in the book actually existed.
- Jules Verne is one of those writers who popularized science in society thanks to his writing talent. Therefore, for many designers and engineers of spacecraft, as well as cosmonauts and astronauts, his books have become reference books. His talent and faith in science were rewarded: a large crater on the far side of the Moon was named in his honor.
The famous Russian writer, whose talent was most clearly revealed in drama, managed to completely change the idea of what a play should be. In his works, Anton Pavlovich knew how to very accurately select expressions that would describe all the weaknesses of human nature. At the same time, the writer himself was philanthropic and throughout his life he urged everyone to “take care of the person within you.” Chekhov did not like to write about himself, but the writer’s notebooks, his letters, and the memories of people who had the opportunity to communicate with him allow us to get acquainted with interesting facts from the life of Anton Pavlovich.
1. There was always a place for medicine in Chekhov’s life. After all, initially he saw his calling as a doctor, and writing stories, plays and humorous notes for him was just a way to earn extra money. Among the teachers at the medical faculty where the writer studied was the famous Nikolai Sklifosovsky. Later, Anton Pavlovich began working as a doctor.
After some time, there was a change in priorities, and in January 1886 a sign was removed from his door, which stated that a doctor was seeing there. It was not only that Anton Pavlovich began to seriously engage in writing, but a difficult case occurred in his practice: two of his patients died of typhus. During his famous trip to Sakhalin, Chekhov wrote that he was ready to leave medicine.
But, in fact, he always continued to be a doctor. Anton Pavlovich attended various medical congresses to keep abreast of the latest news in this area. On his estate in Melikhovo he continued to provide medical care to all those in need, and treated the sick in Yalta. Even when he was already seriously ill, Anton Pavlovich was ready to go to the Far East not as a writer, but as a doctor.
2. It was Chekhov who “gave” Sakhalin to Russia. In 1890, the playwright made the most difficult expedition to Sakhalin, which was a place of exile for prisoners and convicts. One newspaper wrote about this trip as a significant event. Anton Pavlovich took a responsible approach to the trip: he studied the history of the Russian prison, all kinds of records about the island, the works of historians, geographers and ethnographers about Sakhalin.
When Chekhov went to Sakhalin, then this place was not fully studied, of no interest to anyone, there was not even accurate data on the population. The trip lasted three months, during which the writer took a census of the population and studied the life of convicts. It was thanks to Anton Pavlovich that Russian and foreign researchers became interested in the island.
3. Chekhov was engaged in charity work, which was not limited to medical assistance. He raised funds for the needy, built schools, opened public libraries, to which he donated his numerous books, which were of museum value. Well, of course, he helped all the sick and even arranged for those who had little money to go to a sanatorium. All his life he followed his covenant: “Take care of the person within you!”
An outstanding scientist who laid the foundations of chemistry, creator of the periodic table, professor - the life of such a talented person as Dmitry Mendeleev was just as interesting. It contained some very interesting facts that reveal a different side to the scientist.
1. The most important well-known fact of the scientist’s biography is the famous dream in which he had a periodic table of chemical elements. No matter how it gives a certain aura of mystery to Mendeleev’s personality, it is not so. Dmitry Ivanovich created this table through long research and reflection.
The periodic law was discovered in 1869. On February 17, the scientist sketched a table on the back of one letter, which contained a request to come and help production. Later, Mendeleev wrote on separate cards the names of all chemical elements known at that time, as well as their atomic weights, and arranged them in order. Therefore, the trip was postponed, and Dmitry Ivanovich himself plunged into work, as a result of which the periodic table of chemical elements was obtained. And in 1870, the scientist was able to calculate the atomic mass of those elements that had not yet been studied, which is why there were “empty” spaces in his table, which were later filled with new elements.
2. Despite his numerous scientific works and important discoveries, Dmitry Ivanovich never received the Nobel Prize. Although he was nominated for it more than once, each time it was awarded to a different doctor. In 1905, Mendeleev was among the candidates, but the German chemist became the laureate. In 1906, it was decided to present the prize to Dmitry Ivanovich, but then the Royal Swedish Academy changed its mind and presented the award to the French scientist.
In 1907, a proposal was voiced to divide the prize between the Italian scientist and Mendeleev. But on February 2, 1907, the 72-year-old outstanding scientist passed away. A possible reason why Dmitry Ivanovich did not become a laureate is the conflict between him and the Nobel brothers. It occurred due to disagreements over the introduction of a tax on oil, thanks to which the brothers were able to get rich and control some of the Russian shares.
The Swedes started a rumor about the depletion of the oil field. A special commission was created, among whose members was Mendeleev. He was opposed to introducing a tax, and denied the rumor started by the Nobel brothers, which became the cause of the conflict between the Nobels and the scientist.
3. Despite the fact that for the majority the name Mendeleev is associated with chemistry, in fact, works devoted to chemistry accounted for only 10% of the total amount of scientific research. Dmitry Ivanovich was also interested in shipbuilding and participated in the development of navigation in Arctic waters. And he devoted about 40 works to this area.
Mendeleev took an active part in the construction of the first Arctic icebreaker "Ermak", which was launched on October 29, 1898. For his active participation in the study of Arctic development, a ridge located under water in the Arctic, discovered in 1949, was named in his honor. .
The facts written above are only a small part of the cases that happened to these outstanding people. But these stories show that famous personalities did not always immediately determine their calling, tried to set an example for other people and follow their principles. Therefore, interesting stories from the lives of great people can inspire humanity to do something important for the development of science or contribute to art or simply help other people.
Russia is a great country whose lands are full of various famous and great people. They became great for a reason, but thanks to their actions, and not by any other, namely those that put the country above others. What kind of people exactly?
Peter I
This king is a great reformer who helped Russia move to a new level. Years of the king's reign: 1672 to 1725. The future reformer was born in Moscow, in the Romanov dynasty. From a very early age, Peter learns to read and write.
The next stage of life raises the question of succession to the throne, but since the young king was not yet able to lead the country, sister Sophia took over this right. Peter begins to move away from the throne, and moves with his mother to the village, where the boy begins to get involved in military affairs. Here it is, the beginning of the formation of a great reformer. For fun, he begins to create game shelves, teaching discipline and military affairs to other young people. The most interesting thing is that these regiments will later become the main army of Russia.
Peter continues to develop himself while Sophia rules the country. The Tsar is interested in European culture, military affairs, shipbuilding and other important skills. As soon as the sister leaves the throne, control of the country passes into the hands of Peter I. The Tsar begins active military operations outside of Russia, “opening” routes to the seas. And in order to have power at sea, it creates a powerful navy. Also under him, a new capital, Petersburg, was built, which was the northern capital. What reforms were carried out under him? Firstly, there was a change in the people, moving to the European way. The streets, people, behavior and culture were changed to European. Further reforms will be carried out in education, the army, and the economy. Many establishments have opened.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov
The great scientist of Russia was born into a poor family in a village. From birth he was interested in science, literature, and the study of languages. The thirst to learn was so strong that Mikhail went on foot to the capital in order to enter a prestigious educational institution. Considering that any academy did not accept people from ordinary families, it was worth coming up with something. And the young, smart guy decided to tell everyone that he came from the nobility.
Thus, the guy enters the academy and begins to study. After graduating from the academy in Moscow, he goes to study in St. Petersburg, and then to Europe. Having adopted for himself much of the knowledge of other countries, he returned to Russia and became a physics teacher at the academy in St. Petersburg, and then switched to teaching chemistry.
As for his work in chemistry, he conducted experiments and experiments not only at the university, but also in his home laboratory. Due to his numerous and diverse views on the world, he learned many sciences. For some period he taught physics, and then chemistry. He also understood other exact, natural and human sciences.
He conducts various experiments in laboratories, discovering new substances and elements. His works are known not only in Russia, but also abroad. He is responsible for such discoveries as porcelain, glass and other useful discoveries. He also produced textbooks on chemistry and metallurgy, which allowed other people thirsty for knowledge to learn. Many Moscow universities are named after him. Various awards named after Lomonosov were also created, which showed the quality of knowledge among people. Lomonosov is an example of how from an ordinary guy to become a great man.
And this is only the smallest grain of great people that the Russian soil preserves. Each of them became famous here or there, which played a big role in people.
2, 3, 4, 5 grade
- Report message Migratory birds
There are many species of birds on the planet, which are similar in some ways and different in others. Some birds are accustomed to warm temperatures, some can overwinter in place if temperatures permit.
- Caspian Sea - report message (grades 4, 8. Geography. The world around us)
The Caspian Sea-lake is the largest enclosed body of water in the world. It can be called both a lake and a sea. Due to its isolation and lack of access to the ocean, it can be considered a lake, but due to its properties, namely, size, it can be considered a sea
- The life and work of Jules Verne
On February 8, 1828, the famous writer Jules Verne was born in France in the city of Nantes, near the Loire River. His parents were: his father was a lawyer, and his mother was from a famous family.
- City of Paris - message report
Paris is the capital of France. Founded already in the 3rd century BC! Its dimensions are 105.4 km2. The number of inhabitants is 2,196,936 people, and the population density is 21,283 people/km2.
Mercury is one of the nine planets in the solar system. It is located closest to our star, and has the smallest size among the four planets to the asteroid belt.
😉 Gentlemen, stories from the lives of famous people always arouse interest. This article contains 7 interesting bankruptcy stories with a happy ending. I hope you find it interesting.
A person's financial situation is somewhat like the weather: one day everything is sunny and clear, and then suddenly there is a thunderstorm and downpour. But the main thing is not to take the word “bankrupt” as a sentence and not allow your spirit to fall.
You are not the first - you will not be the last to lose money. In moments of difficulty, you need to look up to those who were able to pull themselves together and, despite failures, still pay off all their debts and continue to do what they love.
Amazing stories
Kim Basinger
Kim Basinger owed $8.1 million to Main Line Pictures in 1993. The reason was carelessness in the agreements. The actress verbally promised to play the lead role in the independent American film Elena in the Box.
Kim Basinger
However, the concept of an oral contract in America does not take into account Kim's changing artistic tastes. After three years of legal delay, Basinger managed to reduce the debt to $3.8 million. But this didn’t really save her; she still had to declare bankruptcy.
In an interview, Basinger commented on the situation: “It would be better if they cut off my leg.” Interestingly, the film studio earned more from Kim Basinger than from the rental of the film. Since then, the actress has starred in many successful films and has never found herself in similar situations.
Walt Disney
Walt Disney was once fired by the editor-in-chief of a newspaper because he lacked imagination and lacked good ideas. Then another fiasco awaited him. At the age of 22, Walt Disney opened the Laugh-o-gram Studio, which was not destined to become profitable. Walt had to declare bankruptcy.
Walt Disney
Today, the Disney brand is known all over the world, its cartoon characters do not lose popularity, and the Disneyland amusement park is almost the most popular in the world.
Donald Trump
“You are not a real entrepreneur if you have not been bankrupt at least once,” is a famous expression that aptly describes the path to success. This is the 45th President (since January 20, 2017) of the United States and one of the richest businessmen on the planet, declared himself financially insolvent four times: in 1991, 1992, 2004 and 2009.
Donald Trump, born 1946
Trump often boasted that he knew how to use legislation to his advantage, and he always managed to make the bank terms of debt repayment as favorable as possible for him.
Despite the defeats, Donald Trump always managed to not lose control of the situation. Perhaps that’s why his books on how to become successful are flying off bookshelves like hot cakes.
Mark Twain
Creative people are not always good at figuring out what to invest in. Mark Twain became interested in science in 1894 and, due to unsuccessful investments in inventions, was forced to declare bankruptcy. However, trouble does not come alone: during the same period, Mark Twain's publishing house closed due to the economic crisis in the country.
Mark Twain
To pay off all his debts, the writer had to move to Europe and earn money by giving lectures. Ultimately, in 1898, the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer managed to improve his financial situation.
Abraham Lincoln
Recognized as a national hero of the United States. Indeed, the biography of the former president is an excellent subject for a motivational film. In 1831, Lincoln lost his business for the first time, but he did not give up and tried a second time, but in 1834 he had to close his business.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham paid off his debts for about 20 years. Despite the unsuccessful business, the future US president also has 8 defeats in the elections.
But in 1860 he nevertheless became president of America. The example of Abraham Lincoln teaches us never to give up, because, despite all the failures, he managed to go down in history as the man who freed Americans from slavery.
Larry King
Today Larry King is the most famous TV presenter in the United States, who during his career has conducted tens of thousands of interviews with almost all famous people. But if you go back to the 70s, it becomes clear that the path to success and wealth was not so easy for King.
Larry King
Larry then owed $352,000 and was also accused of stealing funds from his business partner. A few years later, all charges were dropped, and King managed to restore his reputation with work, work and more work.
Henry Ford
In the last century, if you produced cars, you were a priori rich and successful. But it's not that simple. Henry Ford, at the age of 30, had accumulated enough funds and skills for a startup. He opened his own company. However, Henry Ford's first company not only did not make a profit - it ruined the engineer.
Henry Ford
This is how Henry famously said: “Failure is an opportunity to start again.” There is nothing shameful in a just defeat, it is shameful to be afraid to experience defeat.” That's exactly what he did - he tried again.
But with the experience and wisdom gained, Ford not only produced cars, but also agricultural equipment. Thus, the former bankrupt entered the history of the automobile industry and became involved in the development of agriculture, and we still use his work today.
I hope that these stories from the lives of famous people will help many at a difficult moment in life not to lose hope for success, which will definitely come if you don’t give up.
Friends, I’m waiting for your comments on the article “Stories from the lives of famous people - 7 people.” What life stories of people you know helped you overcome difficulties. 😉 Share information on social networks. Thank you!
All of us, graduates of Soviet and post-Soviet secondary schools, can remember at least something about famous historical figures. Well, for example, that Gaius Julius Caesar was killed as a result of a conspiracy involving a certain Brutus. Or that Albert Einstein is the author of the general theory of relativity. However, there are a number of interesting facts about famous people that you are unlikely to be taught about at school.1. Once upon a time, a famous physicist had a chance to become the President of Israel. However, he refused this position with the caveat that he would not be able to decide state affairs due to their significance and scale.
2. Perhaps, while dying, Albert Einstein finally put forward another brilliant theory or said something equally significant. Alas, we will never know about this, since he died in the presence of a nurse who did not understand a word of German.
3. The last wish of the founder of the Nobel Prize was a request not to be considered a promoter of violence due to the fact that he invented dynamite.
4. Queen Anne of England was the mother of 17 children and outlived them all.
5. Elizabeth the First introduced a tax for those men who wore a beard.
6. She also passed a law obliging everyone, except very rich people, to wear special hats on Sunday.
7. One can only guess what happened during feasts before Catherine the First issued a law stating that no man had the right to get drunk during a feast before 21.00.
8. For her wedding, among other things, Queen Victoria received a “piece” of cheese weighing half a ton and three meters in diameter.
9. Lady Astor is credited with saying the following to Prime Minister Winston Churchill: “If you were my husband, I would put poison in your coffee.” They say that a worthy answer was received to this: “If you were my wife, I would drink it.”
10. And the British Prime Minister himself smoked about 15 cigars a day.
11. The autograph of a famous Roman emperor is valued at $2 million. The problem is that no one has been able to find it yet.
12. The appearance of a laurel wreath on the head of Julius Caesar is associated with his attempt to hide the beginning of hair loss.
13. The loving Israeli king Solomon had about 700 wives and at least a hundred mistresses.
14. The sex icon's bra, which Marilyn wore in Some Like It Hot, fetched $14,000 at auction.
15. The famous writer Charles Dickens slept exclusively facing north. He firmly believed that this would help improve his writing talent.
16. What would US President Thomas Jefferson think of his descendants if he learned that the house in which he wrote the Declaration of Independence is now... a diner?
17. George Washington can be proud that his birthday is the only birthday that is an official holiday in all states of America.
18. During World War I, the future Pope John XXIII served as a sergeant in the Italian army.
19. Isaac Newton was interested in occult and supernatural ideas.
20. John Rockefeller gave away more than $500 million to charitable causes during his lifetime.
21. Personally, I am perplexed by the fact that a two-time Nobel Prize winner was unable to become a member of the prestigious French Academy solely because she was a woman.
22. Mozart never went to school.
23. There was a payphone in the mansion of one of the richest people in the world.
24. The first chairman of the Chinese Communist Party worked as an assistant librarian at Beijing University before taking power.
25. The three most famous names in China are striking in their modesty and originality: Jesus Christ, Richard Nixon and Elvis Presley.
26. John Glenn became the first American astronaut to reach Earth's orbit.
27. This professional illusionist claimed that his extraordinary abilities came to him from the distant planet Huva.
And finally
28. Italians owe their national flag to Napoleon Bonaparte.
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