As is known, architecture, along with the quality and manufacture of tools, painting and plastic arts, is the oldest of human skills. It is believed that the beginnings of architecture as an art arose during the period of primitive society. It was during the Neolithic era that man began to build the first dwellings using natural materials. As a field of art, architecture took shape in the cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt, and as an original art, it took shape by the 5th century. BC. in ancient Greece.

Until the middle of the 12th century, being in synthesis with painting, sculpture, decorative arts and occupying a dominant position among them, architecture determined the style, and its development proceeded from the “style of the era”, uniform for all types of art and for all its time, aesthetically subjugating science, worldview, philosophy, life and much more, to great styles and, finally, individual author's styles. The “style of the era” (Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance) arises mainly in those historical periods when the perception of works of art is characterized by comparative inflexibility, when it still easily adapts to changes in style.

The great styles - Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, classicism, empire (a variation of late classicism) - are usually recognized as equal and equivalent. In fact, great styles cover sometimes a larger or sometimes smaller area of ​​culture, sometimes they are limited to individual arts, sometimes they subjugate all the arts or even all the main aspects of culture - they are reflected in science, theology, and everyday life. They can be determined either by a wider or less broad social environment, or by a more significant or less significant ideology. At the same time, none of the great styles completely determined the cultural face of the era and country.

The development of styles is asymmetrical, which is externally expressed in the fact that each style gradually changes from simple to complex, but from complex to simple it returns only as a result of some leap. Therefore, changes in styles occur in different ways: slowly - from simple to complex and abruptly - from complex to simple. The Romanesque style was replaced by the Gothic for more than a hundred years - from the middle of the 12th century. until the middle of the 13th century. The simple forms of Romanesque architecture gradually transform into a complex Gothic style. The Romanesque and Gothic styles are closely related in their development, and the most creative period in the development of these styles is the first. It was in the Romanesque period that technical inventions were created and the connection with philosophy and theology was clear, i.e. ideological basis of style. Gothic is much less ideologically defined. Her aspiration upward can express the religiosity of Catholicism and heresies. Romanesque style Gothic style

Within the Gothic, the Renaissance then matures. Elements of the liberation of the individual, so far within the limits of religion, are already evident in Gothic, especially late. And, nevertheless, Gothic and Revival are sharply different styles. What matured in Gothic then required a sharp change in the entire system of style. New content exploded the old form and brought to life a new style - Renaissance (or revival). Renaissance With the emergence of the Renaissance, a period of ideological quest begins again, the emergence of an integral system of worldview. And at the same time, the process of gradual complication and disintegration of the simple begins again. The Renaissance becomes more complex, and behind it is the Baroque. Baroque, in turn, becoming more complex, turns into rococo in some types of art (architecture, painting, applied art, literature). Then again there is a return to the simple and, as a result of the leap, classicism comes to replace Baroque, the development of which in some countries was completed by the Empire style. baroquecorocococlassicismampire

ROMAN STYLE The word comes from the Latin romanus - Roman. The British call this style "Norman". R.S. developed in Western European art of the 10th-11th centuries. He expressed himself most fully in architecture. Romanesque buildings are characterized by a combination of a clear architectural silhouette and laconic exterior decoration. The building always carefully blended into the surrounding nature and therefore looked especially durable and solid. This was facilitated by massive smooth walls with narrow window openings and stepped-recessed portals. The main buildings during this period were the temple-fortress and the castle-fortress. The main element of the composition of the choice, monastery or castle, becomes the tower - the donjon. Around it were located the rest of the buildings, made up of simple geometric shapes - cubes, prisms, cylinders. The main distinctive element of the building's roof is the semicircular arch

GOTHIC From the Italian gotico - Gothic, barbaric. Style in Western European art of the 12th-15th centuries, which completed its development in the medieval period. The term was introduced by Renaissance humanists who wanted to emphasize the “barbaric” character of all medieval art; in reality, the Gothic style had nothing in common with the Goths and represented a natural development and modification of the principles of Romanesque art. Like Romanesque art, Gothic art was under the strong influence of the church and was called upon to embody church dogma in symbolic and allegorical images. But Gothic art developed under new conditions, the main one of which was the strengthening of cities. Therefore, the leading type of Gothic architecture became the city cathedral, directed upward, with pointed arches, with walls turned into stone lace / which was made possible thanks to a system of flying buttresses that transfer the pressure of the vault to external pillars - buttresses /. The Gothic cathedral symbolized the rush to heaven; Its rich decorative decoration - statues, reliefs, stained glass windows - should have served the same purpose.

REVIVAL (RENAISSANCE) At the beginning of the 15th century. In Florence, a new architectural style was created - the Renaissance (from the French revival) based on the ideologies of rationalism and extreme individualism characteristic of its ideologies. In the era of R., the personality of the architect in the modern sense of the word took shape for the first time, as opposed to the dependence of the medieval architect on the mason guild. There are early and high R.; the first developed in Florence, the center of the second was Rome. The architects of Italy creatively rethought the ancient order system, which introduced proportionality, clarity of composition and convenience into the appearance of the building.

BAROQUE A style in art that developed in European countries in the 16th-17th centuries (in some countries - until the middle of the 18th century). The name comes from the Italian barocco - bizarre, strange. There is another explanation for the origin of this term: this is what Dutch sailors called rejected pearls. For a long time, baroque tin carried a negative assessment. In the 19th century. the attitude towards the Baroque changed, which was facilitated by the work of the German scientist Wölfflin.

ROCOCO The name of the style, which developed mainly in France in the 18th century, is taken from the German language. The French name comes from the word rocaille - shell, since the most noticeable external manifestation of this style was the decorative motifs in the form of a shell. R. arose mainly as a decorative style associated with court festivities and entertainment of the aristocracy. The sphere of distribution of art was narrow; it had no folk roots and could not become a truly national style. Playfulness, light entertainment, and whimsical grace are traits characteristic of R. and especially reflected in the ornamental and decorative interpretation of architecture and applied arts. The ornamentation consisted of intricately intertwined garlands of shells, flowers, and curls. Manly curved lines mask the construction of knowledge. Basically, R. manifested itself in the design of the interiors of buildings rather than their exteriors. R. is characterized by a tendency towards asymmetry of compositions, as well as fine detailing of form, a rich and at the same time balanced structure of decor in interiors, a combination of bright and pure tones of color with white and gold, and a contrast between the severity of the external appearance of buildings and the delicacy of their interior decoration. The art of R. is dominated by a graceful, whimsical, ornamental rhythm. The R. style, which became widespread at the court of Louis XV (the work of the architects J.M. Oppenort, J.O Meyssonnier, and G.J. Boffrand), until the middle. XIX. called the "Louis XV style".

CLASSICISM A style in European art of the 17th and early 19th centuries, which turned to the ancient heritage as the norm and ideal model. The name of the style comes from the Latin classicus - exemplary. Usually there are two periods in the development of culture. It took shape in the 17th century. in France, reflecting the rise of absolutism. The 18th century is considered a new stage in its development, since at that time it reflected other civic ideals based on the ideas of the philosophical rationalism of the Enlightenment. What unites both periods is the idea of ​​a reasonable pattern of the world, of a beautiful, ennobled nature, the desire to express great social content, sublime heroic and moral ideals. Kazakh architecture is characterized by rigor of form, clarity of spatial design, geometric interiors, soft colors, and laconicism of the exterior and interior decoration of buildings. Unlike Baroque buildings, K.'s masters never created spatial illusions that distorted the proportions of the building. And in park architecture, the so-called regular style is emerging, where all lawns and flower beds have the correct shape, and green spaces are placed strictly in a straight line and carefully trimmed. (Garden and park ensemble of Versailles.)

EMPIRE The name comes from the French empire - imperial. A style that arose in France at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. It is the organic completion of the long development of European classicism. The main feature of this style is the combination of massive simple geometric shapes with military emblems. Its source is Roman sculpture, from which A. inherited the solemn severity and clarity of the composition. A. originally developed in France at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. during the era of the Great French Revolution and was distinguished by a pronounced civic pathos. During the Napoleonic Empire, art was supposed to glorify the military successes and virtues of the ruler. This is where the passion for building various kinds of triumphal arches, memorial columns, and obelisks comes from. Porticoes become important elements of the decorative decoration of buildings. Bronze casting, painting of lampshades and alcoves are often used in interior decoration. A. sought to get closer to antiquity more than classicism. In the 18th century The architect B. Vignon built the La Madeleine church on the model of the Roman peripterus, using the Corinthian order. The interpretation of forms was characterized by dryness and emphasized rationalism. The same features characterize the Arc de Triomphe (Arch of the Star) on Place des Stars in Paris (architect Chalgrin). The memorial Column Vendôme (Column of the Grande Armée), erected by Leper and Gondoin, is covered with sheets of bronze cast from Austrian guns. The spiraling bas-relief depicts the events of the victorious war. A.'s style did not develop for long; it was replaced by the time of eclecticism.

State Institution "Karabalyk Secondary School named after Abai Kunanbaev

Department of Education of the Karabalyk region"

Open lesson in fine arts

Art of architecture

Teacher: Yaroshenko O.P.

• Get acquainted with the art of architecture, its types, outstanding monuments of world architecture and Kazakhstan.
• Create an architectural relief landscape using paper-plastic techniques.

“Architecture is also a chronicle of the world: it speaks when songs and legends are already silent.” N.Gogol

Architecture – from the Greek “architecton” - architect, builder. Architect – a person who designs and creates architectural structures: buildings, squares, avenues, parks and stadiums, towns and cities.

Types of architecture. Volumetric – religious buildings, public, residential buildings. Landscape – fountains, gazebos, bridges. Urban planning – construction of cities and restoration of old ones.

Egyptian pyramids, grandiose structures

built around 4500 years ago in Egypt, served

tombs of the pharaohs.

The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater of antiquity -

was built in Rome (Italy), the place of bloody performances - gladiator fights.

Moscow Kremlin- the oldest and central part of Moscow, one of the most beautiful architectural ensembles in the world.

Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi- a unique monument to the past of the Kazakh people built on the grave poet and preacher Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, located in the city of Turkestan.

Baiterek - towering over the young capital, it serves as an architectural symbol of renewal, a symbol of Astana,

symbol of Kazakhstan.

Practical work: Execution of architectural landscape: "Fairytale City"

Paper plastic PLASTIC(Latin plastica - modeling) - a method of shaping in art. PAPER PLASTIC - paper forming method. Paper is a special material, expressive, decorative and flexible; it can be easily shaped, but at the same time dictates the working methods and the style itself.

• Prepare additional information for an album on architecture.
• Bring an album, gouache, brushes.

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Presentation - Types of architecture

Text of this presentation

Topic: Types of architecture
Municipal budgetary educational institution Sadovskaya secondary school branch of the village of Lozovoye, Amur region, Tambov district, village of Lozovoye
MHC. Grade 9 Compiled by teacher of Russian language and literature Efimova N.V.

Checking homework. What do we mean by the word “style”? Why is architecture called the stone chronicle of the world? Each style expresses the struggle between the spiritual and the material. Which styles are characterized by a spiritual principle, and which by a material one? Which style do you like best?

Perhaps the most difficult and at the same time the most essential thing in architectural creativity is simplicity. Alexey Shchusev
Church of the Intercession on the Nerl. Russia. 1165

Architecture, or architecture, is a system of buildings and structures that form the spatial environment for the life and activities of people. These are individual buildings and their ensembles, squares and avenues, parks and stadiums, towns and entire cities.

Each of the buildings has a specific purpose: for life or work, recreation or study, trade or transport, etc. These structures and buildings also have other important properties: beauty, the ability to evoke certain feelings and moods in viewers.

Great civilizations are remembered not only by wars or trade, but, above all, by the architectural monuments they left behind.

Architecture organizes space. Architects create buildings, structures, entire villages and cities that are purposeful, comfortable for life, beautiful and have an emotional impact on people. In other words, functional, constructive and aesthetic qualities (usefulness, strength and beauty) in architecture are interconnected.

Types of architecture

landscape architecture
Urban planning
Industrial
There are three main types of architecture.
Small forms
Residential
Public
Garden and park

Architecture of volumetric structures
Public architecture. Temples, palaces, castles, administrative buildings. Entertainment and exhibition facilities. Stadiums and sports complexes. Shops and supermarkets. Train stations and airports.
Massandra Palace
Soldiers Field Olympic Stadium
Greenhouse of the Moscow Zoo

Blagoveshchensk railway station
Store "Nadezhda" in the village of Lozovoy

Residential architecture. The most ancient houses of man Residential buildings of various peoples of the world. Modern Habitats of Humanity
Houses of the people of Ancient Greece
Insula - the first multi-storey buildings in the architecture of Ancient Rome
Houses of the Peoples of Africa

Modern Habitats of Humanity
Bill Gates House, 21st Century Home
Casa Batllo. Arch. A. Gaudi
Chicago skyscrapers

Bridge in Vladivostok on Russky Island
Refinery
Car tunnel in Crimea
Industrial architecture. Factories, factories, power plants; Bridges, tunnels.
Confectionery factory "Dominik"

Landscape architecture is associated with the organization of garden and park space. These are city squares, boulevards and parks with “small” architecture - gazebos, bridges, fountains, stairs.
Landscape and park architecture.

Landscape art Gardens, boulevards and squares Parks of big cities
Central Park New York
Gardens of China
Parks of Versailles in France

Architecture of small forms - pavilions, gazebos, fountains, bridges, grottoes

Urban planning covers the creation of new cities and towns and the reconstruction of old urban areas.
Urban planning

The city planner must select a territory, outline where residential, public and industrial zones and the transport routes connecting them will be located, and provide for the possibility of expanding the city. I must think about the beauty of the future city, about the preservation of monuments, about the place of new urban ensembles.

Cities - museums
Suzdal
Venice
Paris

Largest metropolises in the world
Moscow
Sao Paulo
Tokyo

Cities - ensembles
Jaipur. India

Reconstruction of old districts and cities
Excavations and restoration of ancient Pompeii. Italy
Reconstruction of Moscow

"Life is short - art is eternal." Architectural structures stand on a par with the greatest books and paintings, sculptures and symphonies. Architecture has achieved this position in the world of art thanks to the harmony and musical coherence of its parts.

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ROCOCO Rococo is a style of art and architecture that originated in France in the early 18th century and spread throughout Europe. He was distinguished by his grace, lightness, and intimate and flirtatious character. Having replaced the ponderous Baroque, Rococo was both the logical result of its development and its artistic antipode. Rococo is united with the Baroque style by the desire for completeness of forms, but if Baroque gravitates toward monumental solemnity, Rococo prefers grace and lightness. Darker colors and lush, heavy gilding of baroque decor are replaced by light tones - pink, blue, green, with a lot of white details. Rococo has a mainly ornamental orientation; the name itself comes from a combination of two words: “baroque” and “rocaille” (an ornamental motif, intricate decorative decoration of grottoes and fountains with pebbles and shells). Painting, sculpture and graphics are characterized by erotic, erotic-mythological and pastoral (pastoral) subjects. The first significant master of painting in the Rococo style was Watteau, and he received further development in the work of such artists as Boucher and Fragonard. The most prominent representative of this style in French sculpture is, perhaps, Falconet, although his work was dominated by reliefs and statues intended for decorating interiors, busts, including those made of terracotta. By the way, Falconet himself was the manager of the famous Sevres porcelain manufactory. (The factories in Chelsea and Meissen were also famous for their wonderful porcelain products). In architecture, this style found its most vivid expression in the decorative decoration of interiors. The most complex asymmetrical carved and stucco patterns, intricate curls of the interior decoration contrasted with the relatively austere appearance of the buildings, for example, the Petit Trianon, built in Versailles by the architect Gabriel (1763-1769). Originating in France, the Rococo style quickly spread to other countries thanks to French artists working abroad and the publication of designs by French architects. Outside of France, Rococo reached its greatest flowering in Germany and Austria, where it absorbed traditional Baroque elements. In the architecture of churches, such as the church in Vierzenheiligen (1743-1772) (architect Neumann), spatial structures and the solemnity of Baroque are perfectly combined with the exquisite sculptural and picturesque interior decoration characteristic of Rococo, creating the impression of lightness and fabulous abundance. A supporter of Rococo in Italy, the architect Tiepolo, contributed to its spread in Spain. As for England, here Rococo influenced mainly the applied arts, for example, furniture inlay and the production of silverware, and partly on the work of such masters as Hogarth or Gainsborough, whose sophistication of images and artistic style of painting are fully consistent with the spirit of Rococo. The Rococo style was very popular in Central Europe until the end of the 18th century, while in France and other Western countries interest in it waned already in the 1860s. By this time, it was perceived as a symbol of lightness and was supplanted by neoclassicism.

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BAROQUE A style in art that developed in European countries in the 16th-17th centuries (in some countries - until the middle of the 18th century). The name comes from the Italian barocco - bizarre, strange. There is another explanation for the origin of this term: this is what Dutch sailors called rejected pearls. For a long time, baroque tin carried a negative assessment. In the 19th century. the attitude towards the Baroque changed, which was facilitated by the work of the German scientist Wölfflin. If during the Renaissance art glorified the power and beauty of man, then at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries these ideas gave way to reflections on the complexity and imperfection of social relations, thoughts about the disunity of people. Therefore, the main task of art has become to reflect the inner world of a person, to reveal his feelings and experiences. This is how the main features of B. were determined - dramatic pathos, a tendency towards sharp contrasts, dynamism, expression, and a tendency towards pomp and decorativeness. All these features are also characteristic of the architecture of B. The buildings were necessarily decorated with fancy facades, the shape of which was hidden behind the decorations. The ceremonial interiors also acquired a variety of forms, the whimsicality of which was emphasized by sculpture, modeling, and various ornaments. Rooms often lost their usual rectangular shape. Mirrors and paintings expanded the true dimensions of the rooms, and colorful lampshades created the illusion of the absence of a roof. B.'s architects paid attention to the street, which began to be viewed as an integral architectural organism, as one of the forms of the ensemble. The beginning and end of the street were marked by squares or spectacular architectural or sculptural accents. A curved line becomes dominant in the composition of the building, volutes return, and elliptical surfaces appear.

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GOTHIC From the Italian gotico - Gothic, barbaric. Style in Western European art of the 12th-15th centuries, which completed its development in the medieval period. The term was introduced by Renaissance humanists who wanted to emphasize the “barbaric” character of all medieval art; in reality, the Gothic style had nothing in common with the Goths and represented a natural development and modification of the principles of Romanesque art. Like Romanesque art, Gothic art was under the strong influence of the church and was called upon to embody church dogma in symbolic and allegorical images. But Gothic art developed under new conditions, the main one of which was the strengthening of cities. Therefore, the leading type of Gothic architecture became the city cathedral, directed upward, with pointed arches, with walls turned into stone lace / which was made possible thanks to a system of flying buttresses that transfer the pressure of the vault to external pillars - buttresses /. The Gothic cathedral symbolized the rush to heaven; Its rich decorative decoration - statues, reliefs, stained glass windows - should have served the same purpose.

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ROMAN STYLE The word comes from the Latin romanus - Roman. The British call this style "Norman". R.S. developed in Western European art of the 10th-11th centuries. He expressed himself most fully in architecture. Romanesque buildings are characterized by a combination of a clear architectural silhouette and laconic exterior decoration. The building always carefully blended into the surrounding nature and therefore looked especially durable and solid. This was facilitated by massive smooth walls with narrow window openings and stepped-recessed portals. The main buildings during this period were the temple-fortress and the castle-fortress. The main element of the composition of the choice, monastery or castle, becomes the tower - the donjon. Around it were located the rest of the buildings, made up of simple geometric shapes - cubes, prisms, cylinders. The main distinctive element of the building's roof is the semicircular arch.

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Organics The use of organics in architecture, at first, causes confusion. What does this science have to do with building construction? The most direct. Whereas a building typically consists of finished blocks, a building designed based on organic architecture consists of many different blocks that are completed only as part of the building. In addition, organic architecture implies a rejection of strict geometric shapes. When designing each building, the type of surrounding area and its purpose are taken into account. In addition, in such a building everything is subordinated to harmony. The bedroom here will be the bedroom and the living room will be the living room. Each room has its own purpose, which can be guessed at first glance. If you want to understand the difference between organic architecture and any other, just compare an ordinary multi-story building and, say, the hobbit hut in the movie "The Lord of the Rings", although only the external design is used there. The ideas of organic architecture have found extraordinary popularity recently. Partly due to the availability of new construction materials that allow the creation of the most bizarre architectural forms. Another reason that gave impetus to the development of organic architecture was the feeling of unity with nature that such a building gives.

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Neoclassicism This architectural style was popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It clearly shows an attempt to return to some “eternal” values, contrasting them with an alarming reality. Ancient Greek buildings, which had not been studied by anyone until then, were chosen as a starting point in the architecture of neoclassicism. Despite the fact that different architects studied the same buildings, they came to quite different conclusions, which led to the different development of neoclassicism in different countries. Thus, in France, the neoclassical style was used mainly in the construction of public buildings. Such a building, for example, was the Petit Trianon in Versailles, which was considered the most perfect creation of Jacques Ange Gabriel. The British, on the contrary, saw in neoclassicism a return to light, openwork forms. In accordance with these ideas, houses and private estates were built. Neoclassicism was practically not used for public buildings. The most famous English architects of the neoclassical style were William Chambers and Robert Adam, who played very important roles in the development of English neoclassicism. The ideas of neoclassicism influenced various countries for a long time, such as Russia (and later the Soviet Union), Scandinavia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, etc.

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Art Nouveau The desire to create equally aesthetically beautiful and functional buildings at the beginning of the 19th century led to the emergence of the Art Nouveau architectural style. It contrasts sharply with other architectural styles. The most prominent representatives of this style were Victor Horta, a Belgian by nationality, and the Frenchman Hector Guimard. But Antonia Gaudí stands out the most. The buildings erected according to his designs are so perfect and fit so organically into the surrounding landscape that it seems as if nature created such a masterpiece. Distinctive features of the Art Nouveau style are the patterned cladding of building facades, the use of stained glass, as well as various decorative details made of wrought iron. Windows and doorways are characterized by complex geometric shapes that contribute to the creation of a holistic style that is functional and beautiful at the same time. In the Art Nouveau style, dachas, country villas, expensive high-rise buildings and city mansions are built and decorated.

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Ellin - mythical
the ancestor of the Hellenes, and his
sons and grandsons - founders
Greek tribes.

Blue sea water indented the shores of Greece convenient for
ships in bays. This helped the Hellenes become beautiful
seafarers.

On the slopes of mountains in deciduous forests, Hellenic
heroes fought lions and hunted boars and
fleet-footed deer.

Hercules,
fighting a lion
Artemis the huntress
The ancient Hellenes were the first to think about what it should be like
a wonderful man, and they sang the beauty of his body, his courage
will and strength of mind.

Zeus
Hera
Hermes
Athena
Hercules
Theseus
Apollo

Temple of Zeus
in Olympia

Statue of Zeus (sculptor Phidias)

An ancient Greek temple is a quadrangular building
on a high pedestal, surrounded by columns
(peripter).

The order of arrangement and relationship of parts of the temple
called “order”, which means “order”.

Doric order
Gable
roof
frieze
entamble
architrave
capital
trunk
stereobat
Column

Doric order
1 - cornice;
2 - frieze;
3 - architrave;
4 - capital;
5 - column trunk;
6 - flutes

The Parthenon (Doric order) is the temple of the goddess Athena.

Ionic order
1 - cornice;
2 - frieze;
3 - architrave;
4 - capital;
5 - column trunk;
6 - base;

Ionic order
Temple of Nike Apteros (Ionic order)

Corinthian order
Volutes
acapa leaves
Base

Corinthian order
Temple of Apollo (Corinthian Order)

Internet sources:
1. L. Nemenskaya “Every people is an artist” (textbook for 4th grade).
2. Photo of Greece - http://www.epochtimes.com.ua/ru/articles/view/13/5826/1/3/
3. Map of Greece - http://eng.cosmonsk.ru/uploads/greece_map_big.gif
4. Ancient Greek ship - http://turi100.net/interesting?interesting_id=1513
5. Hillside with gardens - http://www.karlsontourism.ru/main/greece/hotels/athens_info
6. Mount Olympus http://www.valar.ru/upload/jpg/1109/800pxgreece_mount_olympus_1.htm
7. Statue of Zeus - http://golec-yaroslava.narod.ru/lection/chudo2.html
8. Zeus - http://fashionkoiot.ucoz.ru/_fr/0/4054888.jpg
9. Hercules fighting a lion http://unity19.narod.ru/images/Ermitage/Gerakl1.jpg
10. Ionic order - http://www.karlson-tourism.ru/main/greece/hotels/athens_info
11. Nika Temple http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XoGAzQRWL-Q/SqaMobFyYjI/AAAAAAAAAbM/LDJ1YFcqAM/s1600-h/2.jpg
12. Temple of Apollo - http://www.fiji.com.ua//photo/8f2c84fe399527.jpg
13. Drawings of orders - http://www.i-u.ru/biblio/archive/janson_ist/03.aspx

14. Artemis – the huntress -
http://www.liveinternet.ru/photo/airinora_ribbon/post13575225/
15. Hera http://forum.rubcovsk.ru/showthread.php?s=909b8055fe8280fbd5326a2a2b0f875
2&t=1651&goto=nextnewest
16. Hermes - http://www.hellados.ru/pic.php?id=887
17. Athena - http://www.spbfotos.ru/img262.search.htm
18. Hercules - http://dreamworlds.ru/uploads/posts/200906/thumbs/1246271578_e591cdbea9ect.jpg
19. Theseus - http://www.echo.msk.ru/att/element-680087-misc-5.jpg
20. Apollo http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_fvMmtgX9Xf0/SkRxTMWifgI/AAAAAAAAFfY/M3I4ajpfx1
w/s400/Apollo+Belvedere+(detalhe).jpg
21. Temple of Zeus - http://diosesdelolimpo.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/templozeus7.jpg?w=459&h=295
22. Temple of Zeus - http://turizm.ngs22.ru/data/pages/Olimpia__Hram_Zevsa.jpg
23. Ruins of the Temple of Zeus http://ny.1000turov.ru/imgs/sv_photo/27/r_p_5cf4620501f11c01726b1b6e16a592
91.jpg

24. Parthenon - http://ns.sitecity.ru/users/p/pravda/storage/album_2506151732_4761.jpg
25. Parthenon - http://www.proturi.ru/upload/blog/36b/36b47fe3b09f2055aff89bef0c704498.jpg